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Query: UMLS:C0038187 (starvation)
 24,951 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cardiac performance was studied in 14 obese but otherwise healthy young subjects during rest and submaximal ergometric exercise by means of Swan Ganz catheters. Cardiac output and stroke volume determined by the thermal dilution method were normal or slightly increased during rest rising on exercise in the usual range. However, mean pulmonary artery and pulmonary wedge pressures were increased above normal values in 50% of the patients during exercise indicating depressed left ventricular function. Patients with normal and abnormal hemodynamic response to exercise could not be separated by clinical findings. Repetition of studies in 11 patients following therapeutic starvation of 2-3 weeks duration revealed a statistically significant fall of pressures in the right atrium, the pulmonary artery and in the pulmonary wedge position during rest and exercise. In the majority of patients a moderate reduction in cardiac output and stroke volume suggested a decrease in preload due to loss of intravascular volume, but in a few instances with unaltered or increased cardiac output improvement of cardiac function had to be considered.
Z Kardiol 1975 Sep
PMID:[Does obesity have an effect on heart function?]. 122 63

The endogenous production of carbon monoxide (VCO) and total serum bilirubin (SB) have been followed in five healthy male volunteers during one baseline day and one day with no caloric intake. VCO in the morning studies was 11.2+/-1.7 (mean +/-1 S.E.M.) on the baseline day and 10.1+/-2.3 mumol/mmol total body heme (TBH) and day on the fasting day, respectively. In studies before noon, VCO increased significantly on both days, to values of 17.8+/-1.6 and 19.6+/-2.2 mumol/mmol TBH and day, respectively. In the first study in the afternoon, VCO differed significantly between the two days, amounting to 12.1+/-3.0 and 23.7+/-3.5 on the baseline and the fasting day, respectively. The difference was still significant in the evening, when VCO was 11.6+/-3.1 and 22.1+/-4.9 mumol/mmol TBH and day. SB followed the same pattern, with mean values of 4.0+/-0.3, 4.9+/-0.3, 4.2+/-0.9 and 3.0+/-0.3 mug/ml during the baseline day and 4.5+/-0.6, 5.4+/-1.2, 7.0+/-0.5 and 8.5+/-1.0 mug/ml, respectively, during fasting day. Only insignificant amounts of conjugated bilirubin were found. The studies confirm earlier reports on the effect of caloric restriction on VCO. Since this effect is simultaneous with an increase in SB, it is concluded that the changes are secondary to an increase in total heme catabolism. They might be due to an increase in intracellular hepatic heme turnover but it cannot be excluded that starvation affects erythropoiesis and/or red cell catabolism, thereby causing an increase in VCO and SB.
Acta Med Scand 1975 Sep
PMID:Diurnal variation in endogenous production of carbon monoxide. Effect of caloric restriction. 123 18

CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DG) is an important branchpoint intermediate in eucaryotic phospholipid biosynthesis and could be a key regulatory site in phospholipid metabolism. Therefore, we examined the effects of growth phase, phospholipid precursors, and the disruption of phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis on the membrane-associated phospholipid biosynthetic enzymes CDP-DG synthase, phosphatidylglycerolphosphate (PGP) synthase, phosphatidylinositol (PI) synthase, and phosphatidylserine (PS) synthase in cell extracts of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. In complete synthetic medium containing inositol, maximal expression of CDP-DG synthase, PGP synthase, PI synthase, and PS synthase in wild-type cells occurred in the exponential phase of growth and decreased two- to fourfold in the stationary phase of growth. In cells starved for inositol, this decrease in PGP synthase, PI synthase, and PS synthase expression was not observed. Starvation for inositol resulted in a twofold derepression of PGP synthase and PS synthase expression, while PI synthase expression decreased initially and then remained constant. Upon the addition of inositol to inositol-starved cells, there was a rapid and continued increase in PI synthase expression. We examined expression of these enzymes in cho2 and cho1 mutants, which are blocked in the methylation pathway for synthesis of PC. Choline starvation resulted in a decrease in PS synthase and CDP-DG synthase expression in cho1 but not cho2 cells. Expression of PGP synthase and PI synthase was not affected by choline starvation. Inositol starvation resulted in a 1.7-fold derepression of PGP synthase expression in cho2 but not cho1 cells when PC was synthesized. PS synthase expression was not depressed, while CDP-DG synthase and PI synthase expression decreased in cho2 and cho1 cells in the absence of inositol. These results demonstrate that (i) CDP-DG synthase, PGP synthase, PI synthase, and PS synthase are similarly regulated by growth phase; (ii) inositol affects the expression of PGP synthase, PI synthase, and PS synthase; (iii) disruption of the methylation pathway results in aberrant patterns of regulation of growth phase and phospholipid precursors. Important differences between S. pombe and Saccharomyces cerevisiae with regard to regulation of these enzymes are discussed.
J Bacteriol 1992 Sep
PMID:Regulation of CDP-diacylglycerol synthesis and utilization by inositol and choline in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 132 8

A number of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipases C (PLC) of different species have recently been cloned. The predicted amino acid sequences of these isoforms contain two highly conserved domains. Here we report the identification of a PLC gene of Dictyostelium by using the polymerase chain reaction. Primers were designed coding for highly conserved amino acid regions located within one of the conserved domains of PLCs. Cloning and sequencing of the polymerase chain reaction product revealed one unique PLC-like sequence. This sequence was used to screen a library and isolate several overlapping cDNA clones. The complete cDNA was expressed in Dictyostelium cells resulting in increased basal levels of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and enhanced PLC activity. The identified Dictyostelium PLC, DdPLC, encodes a protein with a calculated molecular mass of 91 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence contains the two conserved domains found in other PLC isoforms, separated by a short variable region. The C-terminal part of the protein shows strong homology with the mammalian PLC-delta isoform. DdPLC is expressed at all stages of development, with an increase in transcription during starvation and in the culminating fruiting body.
J Biol Chem 1992 Sep 15
PMID:Molecular cloning and expression of a phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C of Dictyostelium discoideum. 132 23

The filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa undergoes a complex program of sexual development to form a fruiting body composed of several kinds of specialized tissue. Subtractive hybridization was used to isolate genes that are expressed preferentially during this sexual phase. Many such sexual development (sdv) genes were identified in a cosmid library of Neurospora genomic DNA. Fourteen of the sdv genes were subcloned, and their expression in mutant strains and under crossing and vegetative growth conditions was examined. All of the regulated transcripts were less abundant (and in many cases not detectable) in strains grown under vegetative (high nitrogen) conditions, suggesting that nitrogen starvation is required for their synthesis. The expression of most of the sdv genes also required a functional A mating type product, even under crossing growth conditions, suggesting that this product functions as a master control in sexual development. To determine if the products of the sdv genes play essential roles in the sexual cycle, a reverse-genetic approach (based on RIP (repeat-induced point mutation)-mediated gene disruptions) was used to create mutations in the genes. A mutant strain (asd-1) with a recessive crossing defect (apparently caused by the RIP process) was isolated; in this strain, early development is normal and may asci are formed, but ascospores are never delineated. A second recessive mutant strain (asd-2) was apparently created by ectopic integration of the transforming DNA into a gene required for the sexual process; in this strain the sexual process was blocked at an early stage, and the ascogeneous tissue underwent little development.
Genetics 1992 Sep
PMID:Sexual development genes of Neurospora crassa. 135 83

Rat kidney contains alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity which appears to be identical to the class I ADH expressed in liver. Treatment of male rats with estradiol for 10 days induced ADH activity and protein in the kidney approximately 3-fold. This was not the result of suppression of testosterone levels by estrogen, as castration did not increase ADH activity. In situ hybridization of kidney sections showed that ADH transcripts were localized to the medulla, that the basal level of mRNA is very low in the male, and that the induction of ADH mRNA by estradiol was approximately 10-fold. As estimated from Northern blot analysis, the induction of the mRNA was approximately 7-fold. Thus, induction of ADH mRNA substantially exceeded the increase of ADH activity and protein. Since the estradiol-treated rats lost weight relative to the oil-injected controls, the effect of starvation on ADH mRNA in kidney was examined. Starvation decreased kidney ADH activity by about 30% but increased mRNA about 2-fold. Time course experiments demonstrated induction of ADH mRNA by estradiol within 1 h with the maximum level achieved by 24 h. The transcription rate of the ADH gene as assessed by nuclear run-on assays performed at 1 and 24 h after treatment with estradiol was unchanged. We conclude that estradiol induces ADH mRNA in kidney by a post-transcriptional mechanism.
Arch Biochem Biophys 1992 Sep
PMID:Estradiol regulates class I alcohol dehydrogenase gene expression in renal medulla of male rats by a post-transcriptional mechanism. 137 89

There is considerable interest in identifying nontoxic differentiation inducers for the treatment of various malignant and nonmalignant blood disorders, including inborn beta-chain hemoglobinopathies. Using the human leukemic K562 cell line as a model, we explored the efficacy of phenylacetate, an amino acid derivative with a low toxicity index when administered to humans. Treatment of K562 cultures with pharmacologically attainable concentrations of phenylacetate resulted in erythroid differentiation, evident by the reduced growth rate and increased hemoglobin production. The effect was time- and dose-dependent, further augmented by glutamine starvation (phenylacetate is known to deplete circulating glutamine in vivo), and reversible upon cessation of treatment. Molecular analysis showed that phenylacetate induced gamma globin gene expression with subsequent accumulation of the fetal form of hemoglobin (HbF). Interestingly, the addition of phenylacetate to antitumor agents of clinical interest, eg, hydroxyurea and 5-azacytidine, caused superinduction of HbF biosynthesis. The results suggest that phenylacetate, used alone or in combination with other drugs, might offer a safe and effective new approach to treatment of some hematopoietic neoplasms and severe hemoglobinopathies.
Blood 1992 Sep 15
PMID:Induction of erythroid differentiation and fetal hemoglobin production in human leukemic cells treated with phenylacetate. 138 30

After preoperative skin disinfection in pediatric surgery, serum levels of isopropanol up to 12.2 mg/l (MW 5.0 mg/l +/- 3.37, n = 26) were found. They result from a rapid and prolonged but uncharacteristic percutaneous resorption of the isopropanol-containing disinfectant. In about 50% of the cases, serum levels of acetone showed an increase up to 82 mg/l already before skin disinfection, presumably caused by preoperative starvation. After skin disinfection, raised acetone levels were found in 19 of 26 cases. As increased isopropanol and acetone levels are discussed as alcoholism markers, a falsification of congener analysis after skin disinfection, e.g. in cases of adult victims of accidents, has to be taken into consideration. Endogenous serum levels of methanol (0.87 mg/l +/- 0.49), ethanol (0.32 mg/l +/- 0.09), acetaldehyde (0.31 mg/l +/- 0.10) and others remained unaffected. Some uncharacteristic elevations of propanol-1 levels are caused by contaminated rubber caps.
Blutalkohol 1992 Sep
PMID:[Isopropanol and acetone level in serum after preoperative surface disinfection with antiseptics containing isopropanol]. 138 18

In this work the microsomal lauric acid omega-hydroxylation, fatty acid peroxisomal beta-oxidation, and the levels of cytochrome P-450 IVA1 were studied in liver tissue from starved rats. Starvation increased the peroxisomal beta-oxidation and the microsomal hydroxylation of fatty acids. The correlation between these activities would support the proposal that both processes are linked, contributing in part to catabolism of fatty acids in liver of starved rats.
FEBS Lett 1992 Sep 28
PMID:Modulation of rat liver peroxisomal and microsomal fatty acid oxidation by starvation. 139 71

The effects of total food deprivation on renal function were evaluated in normal Munich-Wistar rats submitted to starvation (S) periods of two to eight days (Groups S2 to S8). A prompt and sustained decrease in renal plasma flow (RPF) and an increase in total renal vascular resistance (TRVR) were observed after the second day, together with a gradual decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) until the fourth day (40% in the S4 group, P less than 0.05). After this period, a spontaneous and progressive increase in GFR occurred in spite of continuing low RPF and high TRVR. Glomerular hemodynamics were evaluated in additional animals from groups S4 and S7. As observed for whole kidney GFR, mean single nephron (SN) GFR was reduced in group S4, but not in group S7. The decline in SNGFR in S4 was the result of a decline (approximately 40%) in glomerular plasma flow rate (QA) and glomerular capillary hydraulic pressure (PGC), due to a predominant increase (approximately 60%) in afferent arteriolar resistance. In S7, SNGFR and its determinants did not differ from the control. Angiotensin II (Ang II), prostaglandin (but not thromboxane A2, TxA2) inhibition blunted the alterations in whole kidney function observed in S4. Conversely in S7, the inhibition of vasoconstrictor agents (Ang II and TxA2) did not normalize GFR, suggesting that the intrarenal vasoconstriction could be an important factor to maintain GFR after a prolonged period of starvation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Kidney Int 1992 Sep
PMID:Glomerular hemodynamics and hormonal evaluation during starvation in rats. 140 35


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