Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0038187 (starvation)
 24,951 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Carnitine is synthesized from lysine and methionine. In the rat, inadequate intake of either of these essential amino acids causes carnitine depletion. Inasmuch as protein deficiency is common in the hospital population, we have investigated the possible occurrence of nosocomial carnitine deficiency. Fasting serum carnitine concentration was measured in 16 normal and 247 patients in 16 disease groups. Normal range of carnitine was 55-103 muM. Only the cirrhotic group showed significant (P < 0.05) hypocarnitinemia. 14 of 36 hospitalized cirrhotics had subnormal values for serum carnitine. The creatinine/height index, midarm muscle circumference, and triceps skin-fold thickness indicated protein-calorie starvation in the 14 hypocarnitinemic liver patients. In six of the hypocarnitinemic cirrhotics (average serum level 50% of normal), spontaneous dietary intakes of carnitine, lysine, and methionine were measured and found to be only 5-15% as great as in six normocarnitinemic, healthy controls. When these six cirrhotic and six normal subjects were given the same lysine-rich, methionine-rich, and carnitine-free nutritional intake, the normals maintained normal serum carnitine levels and excreted 100 mumol/day, whereas the cirrhotics' serum level fell to 25% of normal, and urinary excretion declined to 15 mumol/day. Seven hypocarnitinemic cirrhotics died. Postmortem concentrations of carnitine in liver, muscle, heart, kidney, and brain averaged only one-fourth to one-third those in corresponding tissues of eight normally nourished nonhepatic patients who died after an acute illness of a 1-3-day duration. THESE DATA SHOW THAT CARNITINE DEPLETION IS COMMON IN PATIENTS HOSPITALIZED FOR ADVANCED CIRRHOSIS, AND THAT IT RESULTS FROM THREE FACTORS: substandard intake of dietary carnitine; substandard intake of lysine and methionine, the precursors for endogenous carnitine synthesis; and loss of capacity to synthesize carnitine from lysine and methionine.
J Clin Invest 1977 Sep
PMID:Deficiency of carnitine in cachectic cirrhotic patients. 89 75

Glucose and fructose were studied in eight healthy volunteers who fasted twice for 4 days. Before and after the fasts each subject received a 4-hr glucose or fructose infusion providing 0.5 g/kg/hr. Glucose infusion during starvation resulted in a mean maximal plasma glucose rise of 401 +/- 21 mg/100 ml (+/- SEM) as compared to 119 +/- 10 mg/100 ml before starvation. Insulin/glucose ratios were lower than normal in fasted subjects. Fructose infusion during fasting produced a maximal plasma glucose rise of 91 +/- 9 mg/100 ml as opposed to 5+/-1 mg/100 ml before starvation. During fructose infusion in the fasted state, plasma fructose levels were higher than control and the rise in blood lactate and pyruvate was delayed, but finally lactate concentrations were above control values. The antiketotic effects of intravenous glucose and fructose were similar during fasting but fructose was significantly less potent in reducing free fatty acid levels. After starvation, urinary carbohydrate losses during glucose infusion were 5 times higher than those observed during fructose infusion. Thus, fructose utillization was less impaired during fasting than was glucose utilization, although fasting induced abnormalities in both glucose and fructose metabolism.
Am J Clin Nutr 1977 Sep
PMID:Comparison of glucose and fructose tolerance before and after starvation. 90 56

The catabolic effects of starvation alone, or starvation in the presence of pneumococcal sepsis, were compared in rats whose skeletal muscle protein had been tagged 14 days earlier with 14C-phenylalanine. In a fed rat, protein catabolism (as estimated by expired 14CO2) is not constant throughout the day but is highest during the dark hours. Starvation is associated with accelerated protein catabolism and a gradual loss of periodicity. Infection increases the rate of catabolism still further and results in a complete loss of periodicity.
Am J Clin Nutr 1977 Sep
PMID:Total body protein catabolism in starved and infected rats. 90 62

The possible potentiation of an infection upon the metabolic consequences of trauma was tested in rats using a 2 X 2 block design which included control, femoral fracture, pneumococcal infection, and fracture plus infection groups. Infection introduced unique metabolic effects different from those of starvation, femoral fracture, or both together. Infection-induced effects included an accelerated conversion of 14C-alanine to glucose, higher serum haptoglobin, alpha2-macrofetoprotein, copper, and ceruloplasmin values, and lower serum iron, zinc, and transferrin concentrations. The first three of these infection-induced effects were diminished in rats with a femoral fracture. No measured effect of infection was increased in traumatized rats.
Am J Clin Nutr 1977 Sep
PMID:Specific metabolic effects imposed by Streptococcus pneumoniae upon the response to femoral fracture in the rat. 90 63

The authors trace three phases in the course of anorexia nervosa and compare its physical and psychological symptoms with those of starvation. Phase I, which may occur months or years before the illness, usually includes precipitating events that result in loss of self-esteem and increased self-consciousness about physical appearance. During phase II patients develop the "anorectic attitude," an unreasonable fear of eating, and show pride in their ability to lose weight. By phase III patients are forced by the severity of starvation symptoms to admit that they are ill. Although many of the physical symptoms of starvation and anorexia nervosa are similar, anorectic patients, in contrast to victims of starvation, show high initiative, the ability to suppress hunger, restless hyperactivity, and body image distortion.
Am J Psychiatry 1977 Sep
PMID:On the course of anorexia nervosa. 90 Mar 7

The recovery of Streptococcus mutans FA-1 in a complete, chemically defined medium was examined after 1, 3, and 6 h of essential amino acid deprivation. Amino acids could be divided into two groups based on their effect on the relative rates of recovery: those amino acids (leucine and cystine) that are precursors of protein only, and amino acids (glutamate/glutamine or lysine) that are incorporated into both protein and cell wall peptidoglycan. Culture turbidity, deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid, protein and cell wall peptidoglycan measurements indicated rapid recovery after leucine/cystine starvation periods. However, a 6-h leucine/cystine deprivation resulted in a slower exponential rate of growth (180-min doubling time compared to the normal doubling time of 85 to 90 min) after recovery. Glutamate/glutamine starvation, on the contrary, resulted in greatly extended recovery periods, especially after 3- and 6-h amino acid deprivations. Macromolecular synthesis was most severely affected by 6-h glutamate/glutamine starvation and required 6 to 10 h for recovery of an exponential rate. A delay in the recovery of deoxyribonucleic acid and cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis beyond that of the other macromolecules was observed after 1 and 3 h of deprivation with either leucine/cystine or glutamate/glutamine. However, after a 6-h amino acid deprivation, deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis recovered more rapidly than that of the other macromolecules studied. The results are discussed in terms of the nutritional environment of the oral cavity and its effect on the growth and survival of S. mutans.
Infect Immun 1977 Sep
PMID:Recovery of Streptococcus mutans after amino acid deprivation. 90 77

The effect of amino acid starvation on the control of ribosome biosynthesis at the post-transcriptional level has been studied in Ehrlich ascites cells. A comparison of the turnover rates of ribosomal precursor RNA (pre-rRNA) and the degree of methylation of ribosomal RNA after histidine deprivation revealed that the slow down of ribosome formation is accompanied by a significant inhibition of rRNA methylation. Analysis of nucleolar and cytoplasmic RNA double-labelled with L-[Me-3H]methionine and [14C]uridine, as well as a quantitative determination of alkali-stable dinucleotides on DEAE-Sephadex, showed that methylation of rRNA species was inhibited by about 50% under shift-down conditions. This decrease in RNA methylation does not reflect an inhibition of rRNA methylases caused by amino acid starvation but is rather brought about by a shrinkage in the pool size of S-adenosylmethionine, the donor of methyl groups. It is suggested that amino acid starvation might exert its blocking effect on proper ribosome maturation by affecting the methylation of 45-S RNA.
Eur J Biochem 1977 Sep 15
PMID:The effects of histidine starvation on the methylation of ribosomal RNA. 91 15

After a period on protein-free diet and then starvation, high protein diet induces DNA synthesis in rat liver for a longer period than diet containing an equivalent amount of amino acids. The requirement for high protein diet is limited to an early part of the prereplicative period and administration of the high protein diet later did not prolong DNA synthesis.
J Biochem 1977 Sep
PMID:Protein in the food prolongs DNA synthesis in the liver of rats after starvation. 91 13

Total starvation is effective for acute weight reduction in obesity. However, in 200 patients, most of whom also had internal diseases, 8% exhibited sometimes severe complications, i.e. reversible cerebral ischemia in 3 hypertensive patients when the blood pressure was lowered to the normal range by natriuresis of fasting; breakdown of water and electrolyte homeostasis with circulatory collapse, vomiting and vertigo; acute crises of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and porphyria respectively and increase of transaminases up to 200 mu/ml, or cardiac arrhythmias. Relative (?) contraindications for total fasting appear to be clinical sings of arteriosclerosis such as vascular bruits, angina pectoris and intermittent claudication. In case of doubt, the method should only be used in hospital.
Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1977 Sep 24
PMID:[Complications in null-diet]. 91 86

When plated in medium containing 0.5 microgram/ml coformycin and adenosine (or adenine) fibroblasts were killed, even if pyrimidines were supplied. Measurements of N-formylglycine amide ribonucleotide synthesis showed that lethality is a manifestation of purine starvation. In the case of adenosine kinase deficient cells, growth was restored by hypoxanthine. The adenylic derivatives block only purine biosynthesis, presumably by inhibition of PRPP-amidotransferase. In this same medium, wild-type cells exhibited symptoms of PRPP deprivation: purine and pyrimidine syntheses were both shut off and HGPRT was simultaneously inactivated. The pleiotropic control by adenosine was abolished in adenosine-resistant mutants that behaved as PRPP "over-producers." These mutations conferred partial resistance to various toxic purine and pyrimidine analogs and preserved HGPRT activity in adenosine-containing medium. This permits selection against these mutants. Evidence suggesting that adenosine kinase products may fulfill a specific function in the regulation of PRPP synthesis is discussed.
Somatic Cell Genet 1977 Sep
PMID:The control of cell proliferation by preformed purines: a genetic study. II. Pleiotropic manifestations and mechanism of a control exerted by adenylic purines on PRPP synthesis. 91 25


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>