Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0038187 (starvation)
 24,951 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Four patients from a larger group of 18 patients receiving dextrose-free isotonic (3%) amino acid solution as nutritional support, form the basis of this report. An additional seven patients received intravenous isotonic (5%) dextrose as their sole support in the postoperative period following major elective surgery (average nitrogen balance = -12.3 +/- 2.7 g). All patients were well-nourished as determined by anthropometric measurements. The nonseptic patients receiving infusions of isotonic amino acids demonstrated an improvement in nitrogen balance (= delta 8.5 +2, P less than 0.001) when compared to the postoperative use of 100 to 150 g of glucose. However, sepsis produced a decreased net utilization of the infused crystalline amino acids such that nitrogen balance was similar to the intravenous glucose group (- 10.6 +/- 2.1). This septic response was associated with decreased plasma free fatty acid concentrations and the absence of starvation ketosis and ketonuria. While the nitrogen balance was not different in the septic and the dextrose control groups, deficiencies in plasma amino acid concentrations were observed in the group receiving intravenous infusion of glucose.
Am J Clin Nutr 1977 Sep
PMID:Effect of deep surgical sepsis on protein-sparing therapies and nitrogen balance. 40 78

The relationships of maternal nutrition and progesterone secretion to prenatal fetal loss and neonatal survival and growth were investigated in domesticated pigs that normally experience 40% fetal loss. Yorkshire pigs were subjected to prolonged starvation (40 days; 0 kcal/day; water only) in either the middle third or last third of pregnancy and then gradually realimented to a full diet and allowed to advance to parturition; controls received a full diet (7,028 kcal/day) throughout gestation. Pregnancies were maintained in 74% of the pigs starved during either middle or late gestation compared to 100% in controls. In dams starved from days 30--70, progesterone levels remained similar to controls, but were maintained at lower levels during realimentation between days 72 and 99. Progesterone levels in dams starved days 50--90 and controls were similar from days 50 to 130. At parturition, litter size in starved dams (9.4) was similar to full-diet controls (8.0) although birth weight and neonatal growth of piglets were reduced markedly from dams starved in middle or late pregnancy. These results indicate that severe maternal nutrient deprivation during the middle or last third of gestation has little effect on ovarian progesterone secretion and is not a major limitation to fetal survival in this litter-bearing species. Maternal nutrient deprivation imposes a significant detrimental effect, however, on birth weight and neonatal growth to 80 days of age.
Am J Physiol 1979 Sep
PMID:Maternal starvation and progesterone secretion, litter size, and growth in the pig. 47 53

1. GPAT (glycerol phosphate acyltransferase) and DHAPAT (dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase) activities were measured both in subcellular fractions prepared from fed rat liver and in whole homogenates prepared from freeze-stopped pieces of liver. 2. GPAT activity in mitochondria differed from the microsomal activity in that it was insensitive to N-ethylmaleimide, had a higher affinity towards the palmitoyl-CoA substrate and showed a different response to changes in hormonal and dietary status. 3. Starvation (48 h) significantly decreased mitochondrial GPAT activity. The ratio of mitochondrial to microsomal activities was also significantly decreased. The microsomal activity was unaffected by starvation, except after adrenalectomy, when it was significantly decreased. Mitochondrial GPAT activity was decreased by adrenalectomy in both fed and starved animals. 4. Acute administration of anti-insulin serum significantly decreased mitochondrial GPAT activity after 60 min without affecting the microsomal activity. 5. A new assay is described for DHAPAT. The subcellular distribution of this enzyme differed from that of GPAT. The highest specific activity of DHAPAT was found in a 23 000 gav. pellet obtained by centrifugation of a post-mitochondrial supernatant. This fraction also contained the highest specific activity of the peroxisomal marker uricase. DHAPAT activity in mitochondrial fractions or in the 23 000 gav. pellet was stimulated by N-ethylmaleimide, whereas that in microsomal fractions was slightly inhibited by this reagent. The GPAT and DHAPAT activities in mitochondrial fractions had a considerably higher affinity for the palmitoyl-CoA substrate. 6. Total liver DHAPAT activity was significantly decreased by starvation (48 h), but was unaffected by administration of anti-insulin serum. 7. The specific activities of GPAT and DHAPAT were lower in non-parenchymal cells compared with parenchymal cells, but the GPAT/DHAPAT ratio was 5--6-fold higher in the parenchymal cells.
Biochem J 1979 Sep 15
PMID:A study of the glycerol phosphate acyltransferase and dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase activities in rat liver mitochondrial and microsomal fractions. Relative distribution in parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells, effects of N-ethylmaleimide, palmitoyl-coenzyme A concentration, starvation, adrenalectomy and anti-insulin serum treatment. 51 62

Venous plasma and urine amino acids and urea were measured in ten well-trained men, aged 23--45 years, in connection with a 70 km cross-country ski race, lasting 4.39--6.04 h, leading to slight dehydration. The estimated urea production rate during the race was of the order 7.6 mumol/min, kg b.wt, i.e. twice the rate for such men on ordinary protein intake, during ordinary activity, thus suggesting increased protein catabolism. The race led to a fall of the total plasma amino acid concentration to about 60% of the pre-race level. In particular, the branched chain amino acids (valine, iso-leucine, leucine) and alanine were markedly reduced, whereas the S-containing amino acids (taurine, cystine, methionine) and the aromatic (phenylalanine, tyrosine, trytophan, histidine) and glutamine/glutamate were increased, unchanged or only moderately reduced. It is concluded that prolonged heavy exercise is accompanied by increased protein catabolism and changes in the plasma amino acid concentrations similar to those observed during prolonged starvation, but differing from those seen at heavy exercise of less than 2 h duration or prolonged exercise of moderate intensity.
Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1979 Sep
PMID:Changes in plasma amino acid distribution and urine amino acids excretion during prolonged heavy exercise. 52 87

The growth of the eucaryotic microorganism Dictyostelium discoideum in liquid culture was completely inhibited by the aspartic acid analog hadacidin (N-formylhydroxyamino-acetic acid). Growth arrest occurred both in chemically defined medium and in complex growth medium containing aspartic acid and AMP precursors such as adenine and adenosine. Although these compounds could not overcome the effect of hadacidin, growth was restored if cells were washed and resuspended in fresh growth medium. Additional experiments showed that D. discoideum contains adenylosuccinate synthetase, the enzyme which catalyzes the synthesis of adenylosuccinate from IMP, aspartic acid, and GTP in the de novo biosynthesis of purines. A partially purified preparation of this enzyme was obtained, and the effect of hadacidin on its activity was studied. We found that maximum inhibition of the D. discoideum activity occurs at a ratio of aspartic acid to hadacidin of 5:1, suggesting that the affinity of the drug for this enzyme is less than for the enzyme from rabbit muscle and plants but greater than for that from Escherichia coli. The effect of the drug can be overcome by a 10-fold excess of aspartic acid, suggesting that the drug acts as a competitive inhibitor. A comparison of the adenylosuccinate synthetase activity levels at various stages of growth showed that its specific activity decreases about 60% as cells enter the stationary growth phase, and decreases about 75% after starvation for 2 h. Further studies showed that in cells treated with hadacidin the rate of uptake of exogenous nutrients is reduced about 75% and that these cells are more resistant to rupture by osmotic shock. While the results of this study are consistent with the proposal that growth arrest is contingent upon inhibition of adenylosuccinate synthetase activity, they also suggest that, as a consequence of this inhibition, some physiological properties of the cell have been altered.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1978 Sep
PMID:Effect of hadacidin on growth and adenylosuccinate synthetase activity of Dictyostelium discoideum. 56 51

In laboratory rodents, concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH) are exceedingly high (up to 7 to 8 millimolar) in the glandular gastric tissue compared to concentrations in other portions of the gastrointestinal tract or to those of most other organs. Gastric GSH varies diurnally, with the highest levels occurring in the late afternoon or early evening. Starvation, treatment with diethyl maleate, or cold-restraint stress all caused marked decreases in stomach GSH, whereas treatment with cobaltous chloride caused an increase in the GSH concentrations. The physiological significance of the high gastric GSH is unknown, but because this endogenous compound may strongly modulate (decrease or increase) the macromolecular binding of certain chemicals capable of inducing stomach tumors, the possible role of glutathione in the pathogenesis of chemically induced gastric cancer should be considered.
Science 1979 Sep 07
PMID:High concentrations of glutathione in glandular stomach: possible implications for carcinogenesis. 57 89

Following sudden disasters, major outbreaks are rare unless malnutrition and starvation are common. No dramatic increase of water borne diseases has been reported and adequately documented in the aftermath of the earthquakes, cyclones or floods of this decade. However, the attitude of the public, the mass media and of the health services is sometimes irrational leading to impressive but ineffective mass immunizations. An epidemiologic system and accurate information on the actual situation are essential in case of major disasters.
Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 1977 Sep 23
PMID:[Attitude toward the risk of epidemics during sudden disasters (author's transl)]. 61 20

Intact and adrenalectomized (ADX) rats were starved for 48 hours and refed a 65% glucose diet for 48 hours. Isotonic saline or 8 azaguanine (8AZ) and/or glucocorticoid was administered to the animals during the refeeding period. The typical enzyme overshoot response to refeeding was observed in the intact rats and in the ADX rats given hormone replacement. No overshoot was observed in ADX rats without hormone replacement or in the intact or in hormone treated ADX rats injected with 8AZ. These results suggest that glucocorticoid is involved in the genesis of the enzyme overshoot response to starvation-refeeding, perhaps through an effect on de novo RNA synthesis.
J Nutr 1978 Sep
PMID:Enzyme overshoot in starved-refed rats: role of the adrenal glucocorticoid. 68 49

The relationship between growth, nutrient nitrogen assimilation, and the appearance of ligninolytic activity was examined in stationary batch cultures of the wood-destroying hymenomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium Burds. grown under conditions optimized for lignin metabolism. A reproducible sequence of events followed inoculation: 0 to 24 h, germination, linear growth, and depletion of nutrient nitrogen; 24 to 48 h, cessation of linear growth and derepression of ammonium permease activity (demonstrating nitrogen starvation); 72 to 96 h, appearance of ligninolytic activity (synthetic 14C-lignin leads to 14CO2). Experiments with cycloheximide demonstrated that appearance of ligninolytic activity occurs irrespective of the presence of lignin; lignin did not induce additional activity. Addition of NH4+ to cultures immediately prior to the time of appearance of the ligninolytic system delayed its appearance, suggesting that the NH4+ led to interference with synthesis of the enzyme system. Addition of NH4+ to ligninolytic cultures resulted in an eventual, temporary decrease in ligninolytic activity. The results suggest that all or essential protein components of the ligninolytic enzyme system are synthesized as part of a series of physiological ("secondary metabolic") events that are initiated by nutrient nitrogen starvation.
J Bacteriol 1978 Sep
PMID:Ligninolytic enzyme system of Phanaerochaete chrysosporium: synthesized in the absence of lignin in response to nitrogen starvation. 69 75

The lipoprotein lipase activity of rat epididymal adipose tissue falls on starvation and increases on refeeding. Studies with fat cells isolated from this tissue have shown that increases in the activity of the enzyme occur under appropriate incubation conditions in vitro. The present study compares the responses of cells isolated from the adipose tissue of fed and 48-h starved rats. Fat cells from rats starved for 48 h display a lower initial lipoprotein lipase activity than cells from fed rats. When cells from rats in both nutritional states are incubated in a suitable medium at 25 degrees C, there is a progressive increase in the medium lipoprotein lipase activity. The absolute increase in the total activity of the incubation system during incubations of cells from 48-h starved rats is significantly less than during incubations of cells from fed rats. However, when expressed as a percentage of the initial cell activity, the rises in total activity are similar in the two nutritional states. Cycloheximide has no significant effect on the increase in activity of lipoprotein lipase that occurs with cells from 48-h starved rats. However, it does partially block the increase in activity seen with cells from fed rats and in a manner similar to that previously reported for cells from 24-h starved rats. The significance of the results is discussed in relation to previous studies with both intact adipose tissue and isolated fat cells.
Biochim Biophys Acta 1978 Sep 28
PMID:The effect of nutritional state on the lipoprotein lipase activity of isolated fat cells. 69 38


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>