UMLS:C0038187 - FACTA Search

Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Target Concepts:

Query: UMLS:C0038187 (starvation)
24,951 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The golden-mantled ground squirrel, Spermophilus lateralis, undergoes a profound winter hibernation that represents, among other changes, a prolonged period of starvation. In addition to dramatic metabolic and other physiological adaptations during hibernation which serve to reduce fuel energy expenditure, we have hypothesized that there may also be significant changes in the endocrine axis that regulates energetically-expensive somatic growth. As compared with euthermic, non-hibernating controls, hibernating S. lateralis were found to have 75%-reduced serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I; from approximately 625 to approximately 150 ng/ml in both females and males, P < 0.05). While IGFBP-3 was the predominant IGFBP in serum of the euthermic controls, its levels were reduced to a similar degree in serum from the hibernating animals. IGFBP-4 was present at relatively low levels in the euthermic controls, and was reduced to undetectable levels in hibernating animals. Surprisingly, there was no IGFBP detectable in the 30 kDa range in either euthermic or hibernating S. lateralis, suggesting that IGFBP-1 does not play a role in hibernation-related changes in the IGF axis. In accordance with these endocrine changes, when serum from hibernating S. lateralis was added to cartilage explant cultures (at a 5% v/v concentration), it exhibited no ability to alter (35)S-proteoglycan synthetic rate, whereas serum from the euthermic squirrels significantly stimulated synthetic activity by 2-fold. These results suggest that part of hibernation adaptation in S. lateralis includes down-regulation in the growth-regulatory IGF axis. J. Exp. Zool. 289:66-73, 2001.
...
PMID:Down-regulation in the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis during hibernation in the golden-mantled ground squirrel, Spermophilus lateralis: IGF-I and the IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs). 1116 94

Induction of apoptosis is a feature of the anti-tumor effects of certain vitamin D analogs. The aim of this study was to identify if common effectors are involved in cell death mediated by serum starvation, vitamin D analogs and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha in 3 human breast cancer cell lines: MCF-7, T47-D and Hs578T. Incubation of cells in serum-free medium induced apoptosis as assessed by loss of cell viability and increased DNA fragmentation. Addition of IGF-I (30 ng/ml) protected against loss of cell viability in MCF-7 cells and co-treatment with two synthetic analogs (CB1093 and EB1089, 50 nM for 4 days) prevented these anti-apoptotic effects of IGF-I. Pretreatment of MCF-7 and Hs578T cells with the vitamin D analogs substantially potentiated the cytotoxic effects of TNFalpha. This cytokine was not cytotoxic for T47-D cells but co-incubation with CB1093 led to loss of cell viability. Potentiation by CB1093 of TNFalpha-induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells was accompanied by increased activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 and arachidonic acid release, which was partially inhibited by AACOCF3, a specific cPLA2 inhibitor. The broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk prevented TNFalpha but not CB1093 mediated cell death and activation of cPLA2. Serum starvation induced apoptosis was accompanied by cPLA2 activation, which was inhibited by IGF-I and by z-VAD-fmk. However, the ability of these agents to suppress cPLA2 activation was abrogated by co-treatment with CB1093, suggesting a role for arachidonic acid release in the caspase-independent mechanism by which vitamin D analogs prevent the protective effects of IGF-I on breast cancer cell survival.
...
PMID:Interaction of vitamin D analogs with signaling pathways leading to active cell death in breast cancer cells. 1117 39

G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists such as neuropeptides activate the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-IR) or the serine-threonine protein kinase Akt, suggesting that neuropeptides-GPCR signaling can cross-communicate with IGF-IR-Akt signaling pathways. Neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (NEP) is a cell-surface peptidase that cleaves and inactivates the neuropeptides endothelin-1 (ET-1) and bombesin, which are implicated in progression to androgen-independent prostate cancer (PC). We investigated the mechanisms of NEP regulation of neuropeptide-mediated cell survival in PC cells, including whether neuropeptide substrates of NEP induce phosphorylations of IGF-IR and Akt in PC cells. Western analyses revealed ET-1 and bombesin treatment induced phosphorylation of IGF-IRbeta and Akt independent of IGF-I in TSU-Pr1, DU145, and PC-3 PC cells, which lack NEP expression, but not in NEP-expressing LNCaP cells. Recombinant NEP and induced NEP expression in TSU-Pr1 cells using a tetracycline-repressive expression system inhibited ET-1-mediated phosphorylation of IGF-IRbeta and Akt, and blocked the protective effects of ET-1 against apoptosis induced by serum starvation. Incubation of TSU-Pr1 cells with specific kinase inhibitors together with ET-1 or bombesin showed that IGF-IR activation is required for neuropeptide-induced Akt phosphorylation, and that neuropeptide-induced Akt activation is predominantly mediated by Src and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase but not by mitogen-activated protein kinase or protein kinase C. These data show that the neuropeptides ET-1 and bombesin stimulate ligand-independent activation of the IGF-IR, which results in Akt activation, and that this cross-communication between GPCR and IGF-IR signaling is inhibited by NEP.
...
PMID:Neutral endopeptidase inhibits neuropeptide-mediated transactivation of the insulin-like growth factor receptor-Akt cell survival pathway. 1130 83

Anorexia nervosa is a syndrome with multifactorial etiology in which several genetic, biologic, psychological and social factors are involved. Patients affected by anorexia nervosa (AN) may develop multiple endocrine abnormalities, e.g. amenorrhea, hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis hyperactivity, low T3 syndrome and peculiar changes of somatotroph axis function. These endocrine abnormalities are also found after prolonged starvation and may represent an adaptive response developed in order to save energy and proteins. It is still a matter of debate whether these endocrine changes are etiologic or secondary. In fact, several evidences suggest the existence in AN of hypothalamus functional alterations, which may be involved in the development and maintenance of the food intake disorder; on the other hand, the increased CRH secretion seems to be secondary to malnutrition as well as GH hypersecretion coupled to low IGF-I levels; the latter is a common finding in AN, as well as in other undernutrition and malabsorption conditions, type 1 diabetes mellitus, liver cirrhosis and catabolic states. Hypothalamic amenorrhea, which is one of the diagnostic criteria for AN, is not linked only to the reduction of body weight but reflects also deep alterations of gonadotropin secretory pattern. Low T3 syndrome is frequently found in AN; on the other hand, an iodide-induced hypothyroidism is quite uncommon. T3 reduction in AN seems to be an adaptive response to prolonged starvation; however the presence of a simultaneous central dysregulation cannot be excluded. Finally, AN patients frequently show defects in urinary concentration or dilution with inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone, which may be due to intrinsic defects in the neurohypophysis or to abnormalities of its regulatory afferent neurons.
...
PMID:[Endocrine abnormalities in anorexia nervosa]. 1271 47

High-density lipoprotein-binding protein (HBP) plays a pivotal role in the endocrine regulation of both lipids and cholesterol. This first study of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) HBP gene in a piscine provides information on the complex molecular events that regulates lipid and cholesterol functions in fish, and allows a comparison with starvation and hormonal regulation. One identical zebrafish HBP cDNA clone was obtained from a 24-h-old zebrafish cDNA library. Zebrafish HBP is composed of 1273 amino acids as residues. The 1273-aa of HBP has 87.8% and 87.0% similarities to human and chicken HBP, respectively. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis showed that HBP is highly expressed in the 36 h of the developmental stage after fertilization as compared to other stages. As to tissue-specific expression, the HBP is highly expressed in the fin, liver and ovary. In the starvation experiment, results show significant differences between the control group and the group after 3-week starvation. After injecting GH, IGF-I, IGF-II or insulin, no significant differences were shown between the control and the experimental groups. These results suggest that in vivo HBP expression is not regulated by the insulin family or by growth hormone, but other factors present during the starvation may down- or up-regulate the HBP. Although the exact function of the HBP is unknown, its high expression in the liver and ovary suggests a role for this molecule in the cumulative efficiency of fish intake of food or lipid transfer; these results can possibly be applied to aquaculture in the near future.
...
PMID:Molecular cloning and functional analysis of zebrafish high-density lipoprotein-binding protein. 1294 45

Apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is of importance in the development of diabetic angiopathy. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of insulin and IGF-I on apoptosis in VSMCs. Rat aortic VSMCs were used and apoptosis was induced by serum starvation. As apoptotic markers we measured caspase-3 activity, histone-associated DNA fragments by ELISA and nuclear morphology by DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining. Phosphorylation of IGF-I receptors was evaluated by Western blot. Serum starvation had increased caspase-3 activity even after 3 h. The highest activity was found after 3-12 h. IGF-I 10(-9 )M inhibited serum starvation-induced caspase-3 activity with a maximal effect after 12 h. When studied after starvation for 12 h, significant inhibitory effects on caspase-3 were found at IGF-I concentrations of 10(-8)-10(-7) M (P<0.01) and at an insulin concentration of 10(-6 )M (P<0.01). DNA fragmentation was detected by ELISA after 24 h and chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation by DAPI staining after 24 and 48 h respectively. IGF-I dose-dependently reduced apoptosis evaluated by ELISA, reaching a maximal effect at 10(-9) M. Insulin reduced apoptosis but the effect was weaker and a higher concentration was needed. IGF-I (10(-8 )M) and insulin at a very high concentration (10(-6) M) phosphorylated IGF-I receptors. Taken together, IGF-I and insulin have antiapoptotic effects on VSMCs but the effect of insulin is only found at high unphysiological concentration.
...
PMID:IGF-I but not insulin inhibits apoptosis at a low concentration in vascular smooth muscle cells. 1459 78

The insulin-like growth factor axis is highly responsive to nutritional status and may be involved as one of the underlying mechanisms through which caloric restriction could affect cancer risk. High levels of circulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, or IGF-I relative to IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3 have been related to various human cancer types. In a group of 87 postmenopausal women, we found that childhood exposure to the 1944-1945 Dutch famine was associated with increased plasma levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-3, whereas IGFBP-1 and -2 levels were weakly decreased. These results are opposite to immediate responses seen under starvation and we hypothesize that this could indicate a permanent overshoot upon improvement of nutritional status after the famine.
...
PMID:Long term consequences of the 1944-1945 Dutch famine on the insulin-like growth factor axis. 1469 31

This article presents an overview of somatic complications in anorexia nervosa in children and adolescents. Cardiovascular-, gastrointestinal-, and endocrine- complications are often observed as a consequence of starvation in anorexia nervosa, Prolongation of QT interval can cause fatal arrhythmias. Checking levels of serum electrolytes, phosphate and magnesium daily during initial phase of refeeding is necessary to avoid the Refeeding syndrome. The activity of the thyroid gland and the gonads is depressed. The patients will remain or return to a prepubertal status with poor growth and low levels of sex hormones. This, in addition to low IGF-I, low adrenal androgens and lack of energy, may result in subnormal development of bone density. If anorexia nervosa starts early in life and continues for many years there will not be a full recovery, resulting in osteoporosis and a decrease of final height. The other complications however have a good prognosis when food intake is normalised.
...
PMID:[Somatic complications of anorexia nervosa in children and adolescents. Prognosis is good if the patient achieves normal weight within a couple of years]. 1619 31

The effects of aquaculture related stressors on circulating levels of GH, IGF-I and for the first time, IGF-II in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were investigated. Specifically, circulating growth factor levels were measured in four different experiments. Two 24 h confinement stressor procedures, (one with Atlantic salmon, the other with rainbow trout); following a hypo-osmotic stressor (freshwater bath) in salt water acclimated, adult, Atlantic salmon; and during a 22 day starvation and re-feeding protocol with juvenile Atlantic salmon. Handling and confinement resulted in significant decreases in circulating levels of all three growth factors in Atlantic salmon, and IGF-I and IGF-II (but not GH) in rainbow trout. A 2-3 h freshwater bath to remove gill parasites on a commercial Atlantic salmon aquaculture operation caused a significant decrease in circulating GH and IGF-I concentrations, but no significant change in IGF-II concentration, 2 days post bathing. Starvation for a period of 15 days in Atlantic salmon resulted in a significant increase in circulating GH levels and a significant decrease in circulating IGF-I and IGF-II. Re-feeding of starved fish for 7 days resulted in a significant decrease in GH to the concentration measured in continually fed fish, however re-feeding did not change plasma levels of IGF-I and IGF-II relative to continually starved fish. The results presented here confirm previously observed handling and confinement stressor induced effects on GH and IGF-I and, for the first time, on IGF-II in salmonids. Furthermore this study confirms the nutritional regulation of GH, IGF-I and IGF-II in juvenile Atlantic salmon.
...
PMID:Effects of aquaculture related stressors and nutritional restriction on circulating growth factors (GH, IGF-I and IGF-II) in Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout. 1686 Oct 22

The GH/IGF system is a complex regulation network strongly dependent on nutrient availability. While the effect of starvation on the GH/IGF system has been extensively studied, the time course of events leading to the restoration of GH/IGF system activity after starvation is largely unknown. We, therefore, measured the plasma levels of GH, IGF-I and IGF-II and the expression of the GH/IGF system in liver and muscle. Starvation increased the plasma GH level and 1 day of refeeding completely restored it (1.10 +/- 0.27 vs 1.12 +/- 0.28 ng/ml). Thereafter, plasma GH continued to decrease until day 7 and returned to control values from day 15. Starvation decreased plasma IGF-I and IGF-II and refeeding raised plasma IGF-I only from day 4. In contrast, the plasma IGF-II level doubled after 1 day's refeeding (26.5 +/- 1.9 vs 44.0 +/- 3.4 ng/ml; P < 0.01). Starved fish exhibited higher GH receptor (GHR)1 mRNA abundance in liver and muscle than in controls, whereas GHR2 mRNA abundance was increased only in muscle. In liver, 1 day of refeeding, decreased GHR1 (twofold), but increased GHR2 mRNA abundance (twofold). Thereafter, a progressive return to normal values was observed. Liver IGFBP-4 mRNA abundance was lowered in starved fish followed by a progressive restoration during refeeding. Starvation had no effect on liver IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-6 mRNA abundance, whereas refeeding provoked a peak of IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-6 expression at day 7. In muscle, starvation led to a decrease of the IGFBP-2 mRNA level, which was restored only from day 7. IGFBP-4 mRNA abundance in starved fish was lower than in the controls and refeeding led to a transient upregulation (sevenfold) of IGFBP-4 gene at day 1. IGF-I, IGFBP-5, and IGFBP-related protein 1 (rP1) expression profiles were similar, showing a decrease of expression after starvation, a first peak of expression at day 2, a second peak at day 7, and a return to normal value from day 15. Moreover, IGF-I, IGFBP-5, and IGFBP-rP1 mRNA abundance were positively correlated (r = 0.6-0.8; P < 0.0001). In conclusion, plasma IGF-I was restored later than plasma GH level, which suggests that plasma IGF-I levels cannot account for plasma GH changes. The coordinated regulation of IGF-I, IGFBP-5, and IGFBP-rP1 expression would be a signature for the resumption of myogenic activity.
...
PMID:Coordinated regulation of the GH/IGF system genes during refeeding in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). 1706 85

<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 Next >>