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Query: UMLS:C0038187 (starvation)
 24,951 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Five obese subjects were studied during prolonged starvation. Then renin aldosterone system and urinary aldosterone excretion were studied during prolonged starvation and refeeding in five obese subjects. An uniform increase in aldosterone urinary excretion was observed in all subjects studied. A progressive increase in renin plasma activity was found in all patients along the starvation period with a striking additional increase after refeeding. The possible factors involved are discussed.
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PMID:Starvation---an interesting model for the study of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. 65 15

A comparison between the ultrastructural characteristics of mesangial cells and myoepithelioid ones of the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) of the kidney was carried out under conditions of activation and reduction in the secretion of renin. Bilateral adrenalectomy and parenteral protein loading were used for intensifying the activity of JGA. The state of a decreased functional activity of the JGA was studied under conditions of 7-day starvation. It was established that both in the case of adrenalectomy and in protein loading mesangial and myoepitheloid cells showed a similar type of reaction, the essence of the latter being activation of the protein synthesis. Moreover, in mesangial cells there were observed secretory granules similar structurally to those of the myoepithelioid cells. A-Decrease in secretion in myoepithelioid cells of the JGA in starvation was accompanied at the same time by a reduction in the synthetic activity of mesangial cells. An analogous reaction of mesangial and myoepithelioid cells in activation and reduction of renin secretion justifies the suggestion about the functional unity of these cells in producing biologically active substances of the JGA of the kidney.
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PMID:[The relationship of mesangial cells to the renal juxtaglomerular apparatus]. 124 Dec 73

Patients with anorexia nervosa frequently demonstrate dehydration, electrolyte imbalance and low blood pressure that are secondary to starvation. Hyperactivity of the Renin-Aldosterone system and insensitivity to the pressor effects of exogenous angiotensin II are observed in Pseudo-Bartter syndrome caused by the abuse of diuretics or laxatives and self-induced vomiting, however, little information about the Renin-Aldosterone system has been reported in patients with anorexia nervosa. This study was designed to investigate the secretory function of the Renin-Aldosterone system in anorexia nervosa. The subjects were 13 patients with anorexia nervosa and 6 normal controls. Experiment 1: Angiotensin II infusion test was performed. Blood pressure was measured every 5 minutes, and the samples for plasma renin and serum aldosterone analysis were taken every 15 minutes during infusion test. Experiment 2: Plasma renin activity and serum aldosterone concentration were measured before and after one-hour walking. The results were as follows; (1) Basal plasma renin activity and serum aldosterone concentration in patients were not significantly higher than those in normal subjects. (2) Hypertensive response with elevation of the diastolic pressure during angiotensin II infusion in patients similar to that of normal subjects was observed. (3) Responses of plasma renin activity and serum aldosterone concentration after one-hour walking were significantly greater in patients than in normal subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Secretory function of the renin-aldosterone system in patients with anorexia nervosa. 201 46

A 5-year-old boy is described who presented with episodes of hypoglycaemia triggered by mild infections or fever. Subnormal glucocorticoid production was confirmed by demonstrating low urinary excretion of free cortisol, low plasma cortisol concentrations that did not rise after glucagon and ACTH stimulation, and by elevated plasma ACTH levels. The selective nature of the abnormality was confirmed by demonstrating normal plasma electrolyte concentrations and blood pressure on a salt-restricted diet. Plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone levels were also normal and responded appropriately to salt restriction and to frusemide-induced diuresis. Starvation-induced hypoglycaemia was associated with raised levels of blood ketone bodies and low blood alanine concentrations. Catecholamine secretion during hypoglycaemia was reduced. Glucocorticoid replacement therapy was effective in restoring normal glucose homeostasis.
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PMID:Isolated glucocorticoid deficiency: metabolic and endocrine studies in a 5-year-old boy. 298 94

Fluid balance was studied in four lactating goats during two 3 week periods, which included 30 h periods of food deprivation. In one period the goats were given 0.9% NaCl to drink, and in the other they were given water. Prior to food deprivation, fluid intake and urinary flow were similar in the two groups, but urinary Na+ excretion was higher in the saline-drinking goats. The plasma renin activity was depressed in saline-drinking goats, while the plasma aldosterone concentration was the same both in saline-drinking and water-drinking animals. Food deprivation depressed fluid intake and urine flow in all goats, but the reduction was more pronounced in goats drinking saline. The urinary Na+ and K+ excretion also decreased, in both groups, as did plasma Na+ concentration and osmolality. The plasma protein concentration increased in both groups, indicating that hypovolaemia had developed. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (r.a.a.s.) became activated in goats drinking water, but not in the group drinking saline. It is suggested that sodium retention may have attenuated the activation of the r.a.a.s. in the latter group. The results of this study show that hyponatraemic hypovolaemia develops during starvation in lactating goats, regardless of the sodium state of the animals. The possibility that the hyponatraemic hypovolaemia is secondary to an impeded Na+ and fluid absorption from the rumen reticulum is discussed.
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PMID:Fluid balance in food-deprived lactating goats drinking saline. 332 Nov 41

In seven obese female subjects undergoing a period of therapeutic starvation, the excretion of sodium, potassium and dopamine and plasma levels of renin and aldosterone were measured. Sodium excretion increased during starvation and was maximal on the 2nd day. The urinary excretion of dopamine was significantly higher on day 4 and it remained elevated till the end of the study. Plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone levels were also higher on the 4th-6th days of starvation. These findings suggest that dopamine may not play a significant role in the natriuresis of starvation.
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PMID:Urine dopamine in starving obese subjects. 353 May 91

A study was made of water and salt balance during a 28 h period of starvation in lactating and anoestral goats. Food deprivation caused diminished water intake in all but one animal, and the secretion of urine and milk gradually decreased. The plasma volume and the glomerular filtration rate were reduced, the plasma Na concentration lowered, and the plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration raised during starvation. After 28 h without food the goats were given a load of water or saline into the rumen. The fall in the plasma protein concentration that occurred indicates that the plasma volume increased in all animals within 4 h of receiving saline, but was unchanged after the water load. The plasma Na concentration decreased further after the water load, but increased in all animals after the saline load. The plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration remained elevated after the intraruminal water load, but fell towards basic values after the saline load. The renal Na excretion decreased during food deprivation, and showed no increase within 4 h of saline loading. It appears that only the load of saline restored the salt and water homoeostasis of the animal. Lactating and anoestral goats do not apparently differ in their response to starvation. The effects of starvation on fluid balance seem to become as severe in goats as in monogastric species despite food reservoirs in the reticulo-rumen and omasum at the onset of food deprivation.
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PMID:Fluid balance during food deprivation and after intraruminal loads of water or isotonic saline in lactating and anoestral goats. 371 60

Five obese subjects were studied when they were on a 3.35 MJ (800 kcal)-diet, 1.67 MJ (400 kcal) diet and during total starvation. Urine excretion of sodium and dopamine and plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone levels were measured. Urine sodium excretion increased from 88 +/- 9.8 mmol/d before starvation to 150 +/- 15.7 mmol/d on day 4 of starvation. Dopamine excretion increased from 0.92 +/- 0.23 mumol/d before starvation to 1.56 +/- 0.24 mumol/d on day 1 of starvation (P less than 0.01). These results suggest that dopamine excretion is increased in early starvation and may play a role in the natriuresis of starvation.
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PMID:Dopamine excretion during natriuresis of starvation. 684 Sep 64

The existence of a local renin/angiotensin system in the intestine of mammals is speculative despite the known importance of angiotensin II for water and electrolyte homeostasis. We demonstrate the presence of ren-2 transcripts in the small intestine of DBA/2 mice. The marked expression of the ren-2 gene is blunted tissue-specifically by starvation, corroborating a local renin/angiotensin system in this organ.
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PMID:Expression of the mouse ren-2 gene in the small intestine is regulated by food intake. 769 90

Changes in plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone concentration during 10 days of starvation were studied, together with the relationship among PRA, aldosterone, plasma volume, sodium balance and mean blood pressure (MBP). Study subjects were 16 obese individuals (13 females and 3 males; age ranged 18-50 years) with a body mass index greater than 30 kg/m2. Total fasting induced a significant decrease in body weight, MBP, plasma volume and urinary sodium concentration, and a rise in PRA and aldosterone concentration. Before starvation, there was a significant correlation between aldosterone concentration and MBP. This data support the hypothesis that aldosterone is one of the factors which elevate blood pressure in obese subjects. Much of the initial fall in blood pressure during starvation seemed to be due to an imbalance between the cessation of sodium intake and excessive natriuresis.
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PMID:Aldosterone and blood pressure in obese subjects during short-term starvation. 863 Apr 47


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