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Enzyme
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Target Concepts:
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Query: UMLS:C0038187 (
starvation
)
24,951
document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)
The functional state of a sphingomyeline cycle and character of its mutual relations with the processes of free radical lipid oxidation during
starvation
of animals without any restriction of access to drinking water at 1, 2, 3 day (I phase) and 6 day (II phase of
starvation
) were studied at the liver of rats. The maximal values of the ceramide/sphingomyeline ratio and activity
neutral sphingomyelinase
and executive caspase-3 were reached in a liver of animals at the 3rd day of
starvation
. From the 3rd day of
starvation
the concentration of the tumour necrosis factor-alpha which is one of activators
neutral sphingomyelinase
was increase in rats blood serum. During the extent of large part of the I phase of
starvation
the intensity of free radical lipid peroxidation in a liver had almost the same level as in control group--that was a result of the high-grade functioning of antioxidant defense system. After transition the I phase of
starvation
into the II phase (6 day of experiment) the oxidative stress was developed as result of an exhaustion of system antioxidant defense potential in a liver. The results of this data can testify that during I phase of
starvation
in a liver the conditions was raised for display of the ceramide-mediated proapoptotic signalling. We assume that ceramide-mediated apoptosis is one of mechanisms of optimization of liver cellular population at the frames of metabolic adaptation. The I phase of
starvation
in a liver proves by the ceramide-mediated proapoptotic signaling developing. During the II phase of
starvation
the oxidative stress process were prevailed.
...
PMID:[Functional state of a sphingomyeline cycle and free radical lipid oxidation activity of a rat's liver during different phases of starvation]. 2328 97
Autophagy is essential for optimal cell function and survival, and the entire process accompanies membrane dynamics. Ceramides are produced by different enzymes at different cellular membrane sites and mediate differential signaling. However, it remains unclear which ceramide-producing pathways/enzymes participate in autophagy regulation under physiological conditions such as nutrient
starvation
, and what the underlying mechanisms are. In this study, we demonstrate that among ceramide-producing enzymes,
neutral sphingomyelinase
2 (nSMase2) plays a key role in autophagy during nutrient
starvation
. nSMase2 was rapidly and stably activated upon
starvation
, and the enzymatic reaction in the Golgi apparatus facilitated autophagy through the activation of p38 MAPK and inhibition of mTOR. Moreover, nSMase2 played a protective role against cellular damage depending on autophagy. These findings suggest that nSMase2 is a novel regulator of autophagy and provide evidence that Golgi-localized ceramides participate in cytoprotective autophagy against
starvation
.
...
PMID:Activation of neutral sphingomyelinase 2 by starvation induces cell-protective autophagy via an increase in Golgi-localized ceramide. 2986 96
