Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0038187 (starvation)
 24,951 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. The enzymic utilization of O-acetyl-l-carnitine other than via carnitine acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.7) was investigated in liver homogenates from rats, sheep and dry cows. 2. An enzymic utilization of O-acetyl-l-carnitine via hydrolysis of the ester bond to yield stoicheiometric quantities of acetate and l-carnitine was demonstrated; 0.55, 0.53 and 0.30mumol of acetyl-l-carnitine were utilized/min per g fresh wt. of liver homogenates from rats, sheep and dry cows respectively. 3. The acetylcarnitine hydrolysis activity was not due to a non-specific esterase or non-specific cholinesterase. O-Acetyl-d-carnitine was not utilized. 4. The activity was associated with the enriched outer mitochondrial membrane fraction from rat liver. Isolation of this fraction resulted in an eightfold purification of acetylcarnitine hydrolase activity. 4. The K(m) for this acetylcarnitine utilization was 2mm and 1.5mm for rat and sheep liver homogenates respectively. 6. There was a significant increase in acetylcarnitine hydrolase in rats on starvation and cows on lactation and a significant decrease in sheep that were severely alloxan-diabetic. 7. The physiological role of an acetylcarnitine hydrolase is discussed in relation to coupling with carnitine acetyltransferase for the relief of ;acetyl pressure'.
 ...
PMID:Enzymic hydrolysis of acetylcarnitine in liver from rats, sheep and cows. 0 59

Comprehensive investigations were carried out for establishing the biological and nutritional value of low erucic-acid rapeseed oil from a variety of rape called Janpol selected in Poland. The pathophysiological effects of Janpol rapeseed oil were observed after giving it as the only source of fat in the diet or added in different proportions to other edible fats. In all cases the total amount of fat in the diet was 20 p. 100 kcal. The investigations were carried out on 78 young male Wistar rats aged 25 days at the beginning of the experiment. The rats were divided into 7 groups and they were given diets containing: 1) soybean oil; 2) mixed fats; 3) rapeseed oil of high erucic-acid content; 4) mixed fats containing 25 p. 100 of Janpol rapeseed oil; 5) mixed fats with 50 p. 100 of Janpol rapeseed oil; 6) mixed fats with 75 p. 100 of Janpol rapeseed oil; 7) Janpol rapeseed oil only. The experiment lasted 3 months. After its completion the rats were decapitated after 18 hours of starvation. The investigation s included : determination of weight gain, determination of the weight of selected organs (liver-lungs, heart, kidneys, testes, spleen), determination of alkaline phosphatase and pseudocholinesterase activity in the serum, determination of triglycerides and cholesterol in the serum, tests for adrenocortical function, histo-chemical investigations of the liver (alkaline and acid phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase, fatty infiltration of the liver), macroscopic and microscopic anatomopathological examinations. The authors found the Janpol rapeseed oil caused less pronounced changes in the determined indices of the biological and nutritional evaluation as compared with high-erucic-acid rapeseed oil. Janpol repeseed oil given to experimental animals mixed with other fats in proportions of 25 p. 100 and 50 p. 100 of all fats in the diet, that is 5 p. 100 and 10 p. 100 kcal in the diet derived from Janpol oil gave in most determinations of the investigated parameters results very similar to those observed in animals receiving soybean oil. The results of these investigations show that Janpol rapesed oil can be used for nutrition of man in amounts not exceeding 10 p. 100 of the total caloric content of food.
 ...
PMID:[Nutritional and biological experiences on low-erucic acid rapeseed oil "Janpol". Studies on rats after ingestion of "Janpol" oil and other edible fats]. 22 Sep

1. The activity and the molecular characteristics of butyrylcholinesterase were studied in the epithelial cells of the following intestinal segments: duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum and colon of starved and refed rats. 2. After starvation, the specific activity of the enzyme is found to increase in the jejunum. The same level of activity was maintained after refeeding. No notable changes were observed in the other intestinal segments after either starvation or refeeding. 3. The behaviour of aminopeptidase, a well-characterized intestinal enzyme, is comparable to that of butyrylcholinesterase, except in the duodenum where the aminopeptidase activity is increased after refeeding. 4. In this cell type, BuChE is found only in its globular forms (G1, G2 and G4). Starvation resulted in a higher value of the sedimentation coefficient of the ileal G2 form, suggesting the existence of a complex between the enzyme and non-cholinesterase components. 5. After refeeding, the sedimentation profile was similar to that of control.
 ...
PMID:Behaviour of butyrylcholinesterase in the intestinal epithelial cells of starved and refed rats. 173 92

We investigated the effect of starvation for 24 hr and subsequent refeeding for 12 hr on the circadian rhythms of 39 hematological and clinico-biochemical parameters, and water intake of F344 rats. The rats scarcely drank any water during the starvation period, but subsequently their intake of water were normal, even in the light period. During starvation, 12 parameters such as serum levels of alkaline phosphatase activity and PaCO2 decreased with time-related and time-related increases of 8 parameters such as the erythrocyte count and cholinesterase activity. During refeeding for 12 hr, almost all these biochemical parameters were normalized, but none of the hematological values except the leukocyte count returned to normal levels. Starvation and refeeding had little affect on the circadian rhythms of others.
 ...
PMID:Effect of starvation and refeeding on the circadian rhythms of hematological and clinico-biochemical values, and water intake of rats. 191 7

We have studied the effects of diet restriction (DR) to 60% and 40% of daily requirements, and tyrosine administration on cognitive function in mice, to define the nutritional-neurochemical interactions on autonomic tone involved in behavior and energy regulation. Cognitive function in the Morris Water maze was significantly impaired after 40% DR compared to both control and 60% DR. It was restored after tyrosine in association with increased M1 cholinergic and beta-adrenergic receptor function, and decreased alpha-adrenergic function. DR to 40% significantly decreased choline uptake (p <.05) and M1 receptor number (Bmax) (p <.05), without changes in affinity (Kd), choline acetyl transferase (ChAT) or acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) activity. Tyrosine administration significantly increased choline uptake (Bmax) (p <.05) and M1 density in the 40% DR (p <.01) without changes in affinity. ChAT activity was decreased after tyrosine--significantly after 40% DR (p <.05) while AChE was not affected. Both M1 mRNA and protein were not influenced by DR or tyrosine administration. Tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA was decreased significantly by 40% DR (p <.01). The effect of DR and tyrosine appeared to be both pre- and post-synaptic, indicating modulation of cholinergic activity by adrenergic tone. Nutritional effect on behavior and autonomic tone may have implications for the treatment of mood changes associated with weight loss and semi-starvation.
 ...
PMID:Diet restriction in mice causes a decrease in hippocampal choline uptake and muscarinic receptors that is restored by administration of tyrosine: interaction between cholinergic and adrenergic receptors influencing cognitive function. 1184 83