Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038187 (starvation)
 24,951 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Clearing-factor lipase was assayed in acetone-ether-dried powders of heart and adipose tissue of pigs. The enzyme activity in heart was higher than that in adipose tissue. The activity in the outer layer of subcutaneous fat was greater than that in the inner subcutaneous fat and the perirenal fat, which had similar activities. 2. Starvation for 48h, but not for 24h, decreased the activity of the heart enzyme. 3. Starvation for 24h caused a rapid decrease in the activity in all three adipose tissues, but even after 72h of starvation the activity was still highest in the outer subcutaneous fat. 4. Plasma fatty acid, glucose and insulin concentrations were determined in fed and starved pigs. Starvation decreased the plasma insulin concentration and increased the non-esterified fatty acid concentration.
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PMID:Clearing-factor lipase in muscle and adipose tissue of pigs. 477

1. Chyle lipids, labelled with (14)C, are taken up and oxidized by the isolated perfused rat heart. 2. In recirculatory perfusions, when chyle lipids are the sole exogenous energy source, about 24% of the total oxygen uptake is accounted for by their oxidation. This proportion is not changed by starvation of the rats for 48hr. and falls when an external work load is imposed on the left ventricle. 3. With albumin in the perfusion medium, the rate of (14)CO(2) output is reduced by half and there is a rise in the proportion of (14)C-labelled free fatty acids in the medium. 4. Clearing-factor lipase appears in the perfusion medium when chyle lipids are perfused through the heart. In the absence of albumin, the activity of the medium enzyme is low and only a small proportion of the (14)CO(2) output can be accounted for by the oxidation of free fatty acids released by it. In the presence of albumin, the enzyme is more active in the medium. 5. When a substantial proportion of the total clearing-factor lipase is removed from the heart by a prior perfusion with heparin, (14)C-labelled chyle lipid perfused subsequently is oxidized at only half the normal rate.
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PMID:Metabolism of triglyceride fatty acid by the perfused rat heart. 603 21

A quantitative picture is presented on the activities and distribution of three major digestive enzymes in the postembryonic and adult stages of Schizodactylus monstrosus. The activity of enzymes in adult insects of both sexes has also been studied under starvation stress and after the topical application of juvenile hormone analogue. Results show that amylase activity was much higher in the early stages of development while in later stages protease and lipase activity was more significant. Protease activity was highest in the adult male, while the activity of all the enzymes reached its maximum in pregnant females. Starvation stress in adult individuals led to a slight decline of enzyme activity which was insignificant statistically. Topical application of JHa in high doses caused a steady increase in the activity of all the enzymes of which the increase of protease was statistically significant. The probable reasons for the quantitative variation have been discussed.
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PMID:Quantification of protease, amylase and lipase in the gut of Schizodactylus monstrosus during the postembryonic developmental stage. Effect of starvation, stress and topical application of juvenile hormone analogue. 617 95

Pancreatic amylase, chymotrypsinogen, lipase and colipase were assayed, at intervals, in rats from day 16 of fetal life until weaning. In the fetus, amylase and chymotrypsinogen accumulated regularly, in parallel, until birth. Lipase and colipase accumulation slowed down between day 20 and birth. The ratio of colipase to lipase was extremely high (9.5) and decreased until weaning towards adult values. Enzyme contents of the pancreas were depleted after birth and remained low until day 14. Intestinal concentrations were equally low, showing that pancreatic depletion was not due to hypersecretion. Protein synthesis was very active, intermediate between that of the fetus and of the adult. It is concluded that in the early suckling phase the proteins synthesized are mainly constitutive and not enzymatic. Starvation followed by refeeding showed that secretion sensitivity to nutritional stimulation only appears at 14 days. During the suckling period amylase concentrations decreased, evidencing a degree of nutritional sensitivity to the low level of carbohydrate in the diet. The productive capacity for lipase underwent a slow maturation which was not even complete at weaning, since concentrations had not yet reached adult level despite the high fat content of milk. This was in part compensated for by the high proportion of colipase but shows that lipase was not adaptative during this phase and that pancreatic lipase can hardly account for lipid digestion before weaning.
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PMID:Development of pancreatic enzymes in fetal and suckling rats with emphasis on lipase and colipase. 618 10

The influence of a short-term ischemia of the pancreas for the pathogenesis of a hemorrhagic necrotising pancreatitis was investigated in 28 mongrel dogs. Ischemia of the pancreas in 20 minute intervals repeated three times did not leave any macroscopic, histologic or electron microscopic changes and no alterations of the level of the alpha-amylase, the lipase, and the glucose in the serum. An ischemia of 20 minutes' duration by starvation of the celiac artery and the superior mesenteric artery produces a hemorrhagic necrotising pancreatitis under the precondition of a following pancreatic edema by ligature of the pancreatic duct and secretomotoring with secretin and pancreozymin. The necrosis starts histologically in the perilobular adipose and affects the parenchyma later. Whether the lipase is the starting enzyme for the acute pancreatitis or only conditions the early adipose necrosis should be discussed after these findings. Already a fugitive pancreatic edema produces a hemorrhagic necrotising pancreatitis after previous ischemic damage.
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PMID:[Animal experiment studies on the role of ischemia in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis]. 633 88

Fasting in normal rats produced a fall in hepatic triglyceride lipase (H-TGL) activity as well as lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activities of adipose tissue and psoas minor muscle. On the other hand, LPL activities of heart and diaphragm were not decreased by fasting; the former, in fact, was increased significantly. Changes in tissue specific lipase activity caused by withdrawal of insulin from insulin-treated diabetic animals paralleled in direction the changes induced by starvation of normal rats. Furthermore, it was shown in the present paper that the tissue specific lipase activity of diabetic rats became stuck in the starve phase of the starve-feed cycle regardless of dietary intake. The changes of the tissue specific lipase activities, especially of liver, adipose tissue and heart, appeared to coincide with those of plasma insulin levels. These results strongly suggest that the tissue specific lipase system is under hormonal regulation by insulin. Streptozotocin diabetes produced hypertriglyceridemia. The possible mechanism of the hypertriglyceridemia in diabetic animals was discussed in connection with the role of the tissue specific lipase system in the serum triglyceride metabolism.
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PMID:The effects of streptozotocin diabetes on tissue specific lipase activities in the rat. 638 14

Triacylglycerol lipase activities of homogenates and subcellular fractions of rat liver were measured under optimal conditions at pH 7.5 using emulsified tri[1-14C]oleoylglycerol as substrate. Twenty-four hr after administration of streptozotocin, hepatic alkaline lipase activity was 39% of normal, and this lower level of activity was observed at 72 hr and 7 days, after streptozotocin injection. After 24 hr of starvation, lipase activity also was significantly lower (35%) than normal. Insulin (35 U regular/kg body weight) had no acute (90 min) effect on the hepatic lipase activity of either normal or diabetic rats. Chronic insulin administration (4 subcutaneous injections of 10 U protamine zinc insulin/kg at 16-hr intervals) to normal rats provoked a 40% increase in hepatic lipase activity. Diabetic rats given the same insulin treatment showed lipase activity that was significantly higher (155%) than normal. Lipase activity fell to 65% of normal when insulin was withheld (32 hr) from diabetic rats given chronic insulin therapy. Intracardial injection of glucagon (1 mg/kg) into normal rats had no acute (30 min) effect on hepatic alkaline lipase activity. Hepatic alkaline lipase activity varied independently from the concentrations of either glucose or triacylglycerol in the plasma. However, there was an apparent negative correlation between this lipase activity and the concentration of fatty acids in the plasma; lipase activity was highest when fatty acid concentrations were lowest, and lowest when fatty acid concentrations were elevated. From these data we conclude: 1) changes in hepatic alkaline lipase activity ware provoked by chronic, but not acute, alteration of the hormonal and metabolic status of the rat, and 2) changes in hepatic alkaline lipase activity may be mediated through changes in the levels of circulating fatty acids presented to the liver, but the effect is not an immediate one.
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PMID:Hepatic triacylglycerol lipase activities after induction of diabetes and administration of insulin or glucagon. 704 62

Ketonaemia is well documented as a consequence of prolonged starvation, acute alcoholism, and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. However, its occurrence in acute pancreatitis has not been described. In this report, three patients who manifested ketoacidosis at the time of presentation of acute pancreatitis are described. In none of these patients could ketoacidosis be attributed to any of the well known pathogenetic factors such as ethanol, diabetes mellitus or prolonged starvation. In one patient, both the serum ketone titres and increased anion gap persisted for several days during the recovery period, despite appropriate therapy (including restriction of oral intake or nasogastric suction, intravenous fluids, and analgesic administration), before declining in parallel with a decrease in serum lipase levels, and became undetectable following near normalisation of serum lipase. Therefore, we believe that pancreatic ketosis or ketoacidosis may be a distinct syndrome with ketogenesis being promoted and maintained by extremely high circulating pancreatic lipase concentrations.
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PMID:Pancreatic ketoacidosis: ketonemia associated with acute pancreatitis. 770 90

Thirteen Escherichia coli strains of different biotypes isolated from urine and faeces cultures were studied for metabolic and compositional changes during starvation in seawater at different timepoints. Additionally, the antibiotic susceptibility of the starved E. coli cells was evaluated over time on Mueller-Hinton agar (Bauer-Kirby method). All starved E. coli cells lost beta-galactosidase activity gradually with time and acquired the ability to degrade gelatine. Nine of the E. coli strains lost the ability to decarboxylate lysine and seven to acidify melibiose. C4 esterase, C8 esterase lipase, leucine arylamidase and C14 lipase activity increased during starvation, while alkaline and acid phosphatase and phosphoamidase activity decreased. Most of the E. coli strains underwent alterations in their electrophoretic protein pattern. The traditional Bauer & Kirby method was shown to be inadequate for testing antibiotic susceptibility of starved strains.
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PMID:Metabolic and compositional changes in Escherichia coli cells starved in seawater. 784 33

To evaluate the effects of strain, gender and fasting in the regulation of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL) activities were measured in tissues of male and female Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats after feeding or a 24-h starvation period. It is noteworthy that an effect of gender on LPL activity was observed in Wistar, but not in Sprague-Dawley rats, not only in the basal (fed) activity in several tissues, such as white and brown adipose tissues, heart, and brain, but also in response to fasting which affected LPL activity in brown adipose tissue, heat and lung of female but not of male Wistar rats. By contrast, HL activity in liver, plasma and adrenals of Sprague-Dawley rats was higher in females than in males. No effect of gender on HL activity was observed in Wistar rats. Our results indicate that differences exist between Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats in the regulation of both LPL and HL. Some of the contradictory results found in the literature may be explained by the differences between rat strains and gender, as well as differences in the nutritional status of the animals.
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PMID:Lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase in Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rat tissues. Differences in the effects of gender and fasting. 801 63


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