Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038187 (starvation)
 24,951 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The overall conclusion to be made from the information presented here is that for many reasons SCP is a highly unusual protein. Some of these reasons are, first, SCP serves as cofactor for a number of different membrane-bound enzymes catalyzing specific steps in lipid metabolism. Second, SCP is involved in intracellular transport or movement of both cholesterol and fatty acids. Third, SCP is remarkably abundant and ubiquitous; its structure is conserved throughout nature. Fourth, SCP is exported to the blood stream from its site of synthesis by some, perhaps unique, mechanism and then rapidly taken up by specific tissues, e.g., the adrenal. Fifth, SCP is free in the cytosol and can also move to the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it is tightly bound. Sixth, SCP undergoes a dramatic diurnal variation in amount, reflecting changes in synthetic rate. Its half-life is less than an hour. Seventh, the diurnal variation in amount is triggered by feeding and influenced by several hormones. The diurnal variation is lost but a high level of SCP is maintained in the face of debilitating conditions, i.e., starvation, diabetes. Eighth, malignant cells exhibit defects in the uptake, synthesis, or turnover of SCP. Ninth, the synthesis of SCP is regulated by the efficiency of translation of its ever abundant mRNA. Tenth, there is much more to be learned about the functions and regulation of SCP.
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PMID:Regulation of lipid metabolism by a lipid-carrying protein. 654 90

Cold-resistance studies of marine invertebrates have concentrated on intertidal sedentary organisms, which are often subjected to subzero air temperatures in winter. Mobile rock pool inhabitants have been rarely studied because such habitats are thought to buffer environmental variation. However, it is not uncommon for small upper-shore rock pools ( approximately 2 by 1 cm) to become completely frozen. Such supralittoral habitats are subject to extreme physicochemical fluctuations especially in salinity (0 to 300 per thousand) and temperature (-1 to +32degreesC) due to evaporation and dilution. The dominant invertebrate in such habitats is the harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus brevicornis. Aspects of the cryobiology of T. brevicornis were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Thermograms obtained from DSC allowed determinations of freeze-onset (supercooling point, SCP), melt-onset, and melt-peak (melting point, MP) temperatures, together with estimation of the proportion of water freezing in the samples. The effects of acclimation salinity, temperature, starvation, and reproductive state on these cryobiological parameters were investigated. Acclimation to increasing salinity depressed the SCP, with the highest salinity (70 per thousand) producing the lowest SCP, melt-onset, and MP temperatures at -27.5, -15.2, and -9.5degreesC respectively. The highest acclimation temperature (20degreesC) produced the lowest SCP (-23.4degreesC). Starvation significantly increased the SCP, melt-onset, and MP temperatures in comparison to fed individuals acclimated to the same salinity. The presence of eggs or ovaries in individual copepods elevated the SCP compared to nongravid females and males. LT50 studies showed that acclimation to high salinity improved the ability of T. brevicornis to survive in frozen seawater. Seventy parts per thousand acclimated individuals had an LT50 of 64.9 h compared with just 1.4 h for 5 per thousand acclimated individuals in frozen seawater at -5degreesC. The study shows that the cold-resistance capabilities of T. brevicornis can be affected by several different factors, and the link between the osmoconforming nature of this species and its cold resistance is discussed. Copyright 1997 Academic Press. Copyright 1997Academic Press
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PMID:Aspects of the Cryobiology of the Intertidal Harpacticoid Copepod Tigriopus brevicornis (O. F. Muller) 944 61