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Query: UMLS:C0038187 (starvation)
 24,951 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tryptophan was measured in the cisternal CSF and brains of rats. In untreated rats there was a significant but not very close correlation between the tryptophan concentration in these two compartments. Factors that change the brain tryptophan concentration such as starvation, glucose feeding, and lithium treatment affected the CSF tryptophan in the same way as the brain tryptophan. Diurnal changes were parallel for brain and CSF. When we take into account our knowledge of the disposition of tryptophan in human CSF, these data suggest that measurement of lumbar CSF tryptophan in man may be a useful approach to the study of human brain tryptophan. However, because the correlation between brain and CSF is not very close, measurements on CSF tryptophan would be more meaningful in groups of patients than in individuals.
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PMID:Relationship between rat brain and cisternal CSF tryptophan concentrations. 94 32

From an endocrinological aspect, metabolic changes of humoral factors were examined in a female patient deprived of food for 18 days. On admission, serum acetoacetate (AcAc) and 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-OHB) levels markedly increased. The serum free triiodothyronine (T3) level decreased, whereas serum thyroxine (T4) concentrations were within normal range. Diurnal variations of serum cortisol levels were not observed. At day six after admission, the effects of intravenously administered thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) on pituitary thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was suppressed, whereas growth hormone (GH) was hyper-responsive. Re-feeding gradually normalized the decreased free T3 level following the reduction of serum ketone bodies. The diurnal rhythmicity of cortisol secretion was restored. At day 17, the TSH response to TRH was restored, while the GH hyperreaction was attenuated. The present case provided evidence that starvation elicits lowered TSH response and GH hypersecretion to intravenously administered TRH, and distorts diurnal rhythmicity of adrenal cortisol secretion in a healthy subject without any psychogenic disorders.
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PMID:Altered hormonal status in a female deprived of food for 18 days. 177 Mar 28

In previous studies, the rates of epidermal glycolysis and amino acid incorporation were found to parallel rates of mitosis in both the hypoplasia associated with starvation and the hyperplasia produced by treatment with hexadecane. To examine whether similar changes in epidermal metabolism accompany the known diurnal variation in epidermal mitotic activity, the rates of glycolysis and incorporation of amino acids in epidermal sheets from skin samples at various times during a 24-hr period were assayed. These activities were found to parallel the diurnal variation of mitosis demonstrated by metaphase counts. Diurnal variation of metabolism in the suprabasal layers was investigated by examining the relative rates of incorporation of histidine and leucine: it was found that histidine showed a broader peak of activity than that seen for the other measured activities. When epidermal samples were prepared form tissue treated with hexadecane to induce hyperplasia, an increase in metabolic activity and decrease in the amplitude of diurnal variation was observed. The results indicate that the general metabolic activities of the epidermis follow a diurnal pattern similar to that found for mitosis.
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PMID:The diurnal variation of epidermal metabolism. 689 85

Diurnal fluctuations of plasma TSH were investigated in ad libitum fed rats as well as after a 3 day starvation period in order to study the relationship between the circadian pattern of TSH secretion and nutritional status. Our study showed the persistence of a circadian TSH rhythm after a 3-day starvation without any change in the amplitude of plasma TSH variations. However, the 24 h average plasma TSH levels were significantly lower. A suggestive acrophase occurred at the same period of the day in starved and fed rats. Our results suggest that the control of plasma TSH concentrations and nycthemeral rhythm are not closely related and may even possibly be independent of one another.
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PMID:Effects of starvation on circadian variations of plasma TSH in rats. 714 38

Stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) is a computational technique that has been used to model daily routines of foraging in small birds. A diurnal bird must build up its fat reserves towards dusk in order to avoid starvation during the night, when it cannot feed. However, as well as the benefits of avoiding starvation, storing fat imposes costs such as an increased predation risk and higher flight and metabolic costs. There is therefore an optimal level of fat reserves for a bird to reach at dusk in order to survive overnight without being left with excessive fat reserves at dawn. I tested a prediction common to all SDP models of daily foraging routines, that a bird will attempt to reach this level at dusk, regardless of its fat reserves the previous dawn. I provided supplementary food to manipulate the fat reserves at dawn of free-living European robins, Erithacus rubecula. Diurnal changes in body mass (a reliable estimate of fat reserves) were then monitored remotely. Robins provided with an ad libitum food supply reached almost exactly the same body mass at dusk, regardless of their body mass at dawn, supporting the prediction that birds attempt to reach a target level of reserves at dusk. Copyright 2000 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
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PMID:Strategic diel regulation of body mass in European robins. 1079 33

Diurnal rhythm in heat production (HE), oxidation of carbohydrate (OXCHO) and fat (OXF) was calculated from daily measurements of gas exchange in 12 pigs [20-40 kg live weight, (LW)] during 6 days of near ad libitum feeding, followed by 4 days of starvation and 4 days of re-feeding. All measurements, divided in five times intervals from 12.00 to 8.00, showed the highest values of HE, reflecting the animals' energy requirements, between 12.00 and 16.00 gradually declining to the lowest values between 4.00 and 8.00. The values measured in the interval 4.00-8.00 were considered as a basal metabolic rate (BMR), being in all measurements 25% lower than during 12.00-4.00. The lowest BMR was measured on the fourth day of starvation (21.7 kJ/h.kg(0.75)). By transition from feeding to starvation, OXCHO declined gradually, but was for 16 h able to cover the energy requirement with no contribution from OXF. The decline in OXCHO proceeded for 40 h and reached zero between 4.00 and 8.00 on the first day of starvation with the energy requirement being covered by OXF. The HE during starvation was 25-30% lower than during feeding caused by absence of feed-induced thermogenesis and by the transition from OXCHO to OXF. Immediately after re-feeding dietary carbohydrates were oxidized, however, there was still a substantial OXF, proceeding until the next feeding. From the second day of re-feeding the contribution of substrates to the total HE was re-established with no OXF and the same level of HE as during feeding.
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PMID:Diurnal rhythm in heat production and oxidation of carbohydrate and fat in pigs during feeding, starvation and re-feeding. 1527 91

1. Cyclic daily fattening routines are very common in wintering small wild birds, and are thought to be the consequence of a trade-off between different environmental and state-dependent factors. According to theory, these trajectories should range from accelerated (i.e. mass increases exponentially towards dusk) when mass-dependent predation costs are the most important cause of mortality risk, to decelerated (i.e. the rate of mass gain is highest at dawn and decreases afterward) when starvation is the greater risk. 2. We examine if geographically separate populations of coal tits, wintering in Scotland and central Spain under contrasting photoperiods, show differences in their strategies of daily mass regulation. We describe population differences in wild birds under natural conditions, and experimentally search for interpopulation variation in diurnal body mass increase under common, manipulated, photoperiod conditions (LD 9 : 15 h vs. 7 : 17 h), controlling for temperature, food availability, predator pressure and foraging arena. 3. Winter diurnal mass gain of wild coal tits was more delayed towards the latter part of the daylight period in central Spain (i.e. the locality with longer winter days) than in Scotland. In both localities, the pattern was linked to the average mass at dawn, with mass increasing more rapidly in lighter birds. However, under the controlled photoperiod situation the pattern of daily mass gain was similar in both populations. Diurnal body mass gain was more accelerated at the end of the day, and the increase in body mass in the first hour of the day was considerably lower under the long (9 h) than under the short (7 h) photoperiod in both populations. 4. Wintering coal tits show patterns of mass gain through the day that are compatible with current theories of the costs and benefits of fat storage, with birds at lower latitudes (with longer winter days) having a greater tendency to delay mass gain until late in the day. The experimental study revealed that these patterns are plastic, with birds responding directly to the photoperiod that they experience, suggesting that they are continually making fine-scale adjustments to energy reserves on the basis of both inherent (e.g. state-dependent) and extrinsic cues.
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PMID:The effects of latitude and day length on fattening strategies of wintering coal tits Periparus ater (L.): a field study and aviary experiment. 1771 64