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Query: UMLS:C0038187 (starvation)
 24,951 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Adult male wistar rats averaging 200 g each were subjected to food removal for 1--6 days or fed ad libitum throughout (controls). Plasma GH levels and pituitary GH contents were measured by radioimmunoassay. The GH responses to intravenous injection of TRH (2.5 microgram/100 g B.W.), PGE1(5 microgram/100 g B.W.), LH-RH (1 microgram/100 g B.W.) and Chlorpromazine (CPZ, 100 microgram/100 g B.W.) were tested under urethane anesthesia. Circulating GH levels were significantly increased by prolonged starvation, while pituitary GH contents progressively decreased with increased periods of starvation. In addition, following the TRH administration, plasma GH levels increased in starved rats compared to the control rats. A similar effect was also observed with PGE1. In contrast, the administration of CPZ, which was reported to act at the hypothalamic level, failed to potentiate GH release in starved rats under urethane anesthesia. These observations suggest an increased susceptibility of starved rats to urethane anesthesia with the administration of TRH and PGE1 in the GH secretory mechanism. In addition, the fact that no further potentiation of GH release was observed by CPZ treatment may indicate an abnormality of the hypothalamic dopaminergic mechanism in starved animals.
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PMID:[Studies on growth hormone secretion in starved rats under urethane anesthesia (author's transl)]. 11 74

Thirty-one children aged less than 5 years were studied while attending hospital for anaesthesia as outpatients. Plasma glucose concentrations were measured after the induction of anaesthesia. The mean plasma glucose concentration was 4.70 mmol litre-1. No patients had a plasma glucose concentration less than 2.8 mmol litre-1, despite at least 8 h of starvation. This is unexplained. It is suggested that the conclusions drawn from studies made in young inpatients may not be applicable to young outpatients.
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PMID:Preoperative starvation and plasma glucose concentrations in children undergoing outpatient anaesthesia. 42 94

Studies in conscious and anaesthetised ponies demonstrated that starvation, anaesthesia and changes in body position influence the radiographic appearance of the lungs in the lateral and dorsoventral views. Radiographic appearances could not be closely correlated with blood gas values, but they suggested that the volume of the lowermost lung of the laterally recumbent animal is greatly reduced.
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PMID:Radiographic evidence of impaired pulmonary function in laterally recumbent anaesthetised horses. 42 60

Serum sodium, potassium and chloride values were measured before and after pre-operative starvation and after premedication in healthy subjects under going routine surgery, during both temperate and hot weather. No significant change in serum electrolytes occurred during temperate weather either after starvation or after premedication. In hot weather, when the subjects were sweating, a rise in serum electrolytes occurred, indicating fluid deficit of about 1-8 litres after a mean period of starvation of 11 hours; premedication with atropine and diazepam in these subjects was followed by a significant decrease in the serum electrolytes from the previous raised level after pre-operative starvation.
Anaesthesia 1977 Jan
PMID:Electrolytes in surgical patients: the effect of pre-operative starvation and environmental temperature. 84 4

1. Rates and rate coefficients of glucose utilization and replacement in post-absorptive rats, either conscious or under halothane anaesthesia, were determined in a thermoneutral environment by using [5-3H]- and [U-14C]glucose. Label was not injected into rats under halothane until about 0.5h after anaesthesia was initiated. 2. Comparison with the results for 24h-starved rats in the preceding paper [Heath et al. (1977) Biochem. J. 162, 643-651] showed that insulin concentrations were considerably higher but rate coefficients for glucose utilization were little altered in post-absorptive rats. Sensitivity to insulin was thus considerably increased by a 24h period of starvation in the rat. 3. Fractional recycling of glucose carbon in post-absorptive rats was under one-half of that in starved rats, reflecting the larger contribution of liver glycogenolysis to glucose production in the former. 4. In post-absorptive rats halothane decreased the mean rate of glucose utilization by about 17%. This decrease was associated with an increase in mean plasma insulin concentration, showing that halothane decreased sensitivity to insulin. 5. Recycling was slightly increased by halothane, indicating that the contribution of liver glycogen to the total glucogenic rate was decreased, probably because liver glycogen concentration were about 40% lower throughout the rate determinations in halothane. 6. Comparison of our results with earlier work shows that during and shortly after induction of halothane anaesthesia glucose turnover must have been greatly increased whereas from about 0.5h after induction it was decreased.
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PMID:Glucose turnover in the post-absorptive rat and the effects of halothane anaesthesia. 86 9

The effect of pre-operative starvation, anaesthesia and surgery on blood sugar levels and the handling of carbohydrate load during operation were studied in 28 Nigerian children between 2 months and 15 years of age. (1) Age and body weight were important factors influencing the relationship between duration of pre-operative fast and the pre-induction blood sugar level in children. Hypoglycaemic values occurred in 7 per cent of the subjects studied although none was clinically hypoglycaemic. (2) Halothane anaesthesia alone did not affect blood sugar levels but relaxant anaesthesia in this study caused significant rise of blood sugar. (3) There was a marked hyperglycaemic response to surgery and handling of glucose load during operation was significantly poorer than before operation.
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PMID:Effect of anaesthesia and surgery on blood sugar and carbohydrate tolerance in African children. 97 57

Corticosteroid concentrations in maternal plasma from pregnant sheep and goats increased during the preoperative starvation period, anaesthesia and surgery, and reached maximum values when the animals regained consciousness. During the operation the vaginal temperature fell 2-3 degrees C. Postoperatively, corticosteroid levels took two to four days, while glucose concentrations took five to seven days in sheep and 10-12 days in goats to return to prestarvation levels. Feed intakes returned to prestarvation levles three to four days after operation in sheep and five to seven days after operation in goats.
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PMID:Some physiological changes in pregnant sheep and goats before, during and after surgical insertion of uterine catheters. 115 92

To assess the mechanism of insulin resistance in sepsis, we investigated insulin receptor binding and glucose uptake in isolated rat epididymal adipocytes. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats weighing 200-220 g were submitted to cecal ligation under chloral hydrate anesthesia, followed by double punctures with 18-G needle into the ligated portion to produce peritonitis. Age-matched SD rats without operation were used as the controls. After starvation for 16 h, blood samples were taken from the inferior vena cava for bacterial culture and assayed for plasma glucose and IRI levels, and then adipocytes were isolated from the dissected epididymal fat tissues. Plasma levels of both glucose and IRI in septic rats were higher than those in the controls. The [125I]-insulin binding rate of the adipocytes in septic rats was similar to that of the controls. However, [3H]-2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake by adipocytes was markedly decreased in the septic group (approximately 45% of the control group at the plateau). In conclusion, this study suggests that insulin resistance in the septic state results, at least partly, from impairment in the post-binding level of the insulin receptor.
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PMID:Sepsis inhibits insulin-stimulated glucose transport in isolated rat adipocytes. 157 21

Eighty-eight children (mean age 5.6 yr, range 1-14 yr) about to undergo elective outpatient surgery were randomly assigned to four groups. All children were given phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP) orally 2-3 h before the scheduled time of surgery as a marker dye to assess gastric emptying. Immediately after receiving PSP they were given: group A--liquids, up to 5 ml/kg + placebo (glucose water 0.2 ml/kg); group B--liquids, up to 5 ml/kg + ranitidine 2 mg/kg in glucose water 0.2 ml/kg; group C--placebo only; group D--ranitidine only. Gastric contents were aspirated after induction of anesthesia. Mean volume (range) in ml/kg of aspirated gastric fluid in each group was: group A--0.34 (0-1.0); group B--0.17 (0.07); group C--0.25 (0-1.1); group D--0.16 (0-0.6). The pH mean (range) value was: group A--1.83 (0.9-3.6); group B--4.76 (2.0-7.7); group C--2.10 (1.2-4.1); group D--3.97 (1.3-7.3). PSP could not be detected in the gastric samples from children in whom the ingestion-sampling interval was more than 2.25 h. In comparison with prolonged starvation, administration of oral liquids without ranitidine 2-3 h preoperatively did not produce a significant increase in mean volume of gastric aspirate, and there was no increase in the number of patients with gastric aspirate greater than 0.4 ml/kg. Administration of ranitidine with or without fluids resulted in a decrease in both volume and acidity of gastric contents.
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PMID:Effect of oral liquids and ranitidine on gastric fluid volume and pH in children undergoing outpatient surgery. 231 45

The volumes and pH of gastric aspirates obtained from 110 children (aged 1-14 years) who underwent surgery for trauma were related to the duration of pre-operative starvation and to the interval between food and injury. Aspirates were larger in children fasted for 4-6 hours than in those fasted for up to 10 hours, and were larger in children injured within 2 hours of eating than in those in whom this interval was longer (p less than 0.05). However, 19 of 39 children (49%) starved for over 8 hours had an aspirate of more than 0.4 ml/kg, as did five of 16 children (31%) injured 3 or more hours after eating. Thus, a 'safe' interval between oral intake and induction cannot be predicted. We conclude that securing the airway by prompt tracheal intubation is the safest way to manage any child who presents for emergency anaesthesia after trauma.
Anaesthesia 1989 Sep
PMID:Gastric aspirates after trauma in children. 280 16


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