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Query: UMLS:C0038187 (starvation)
 24,951 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Four adolescents or young adults with the Prader-Willi syndrome (hypotonia, mental retardation, hypogonadism and obesity) received a protein-sparing modified fast consisting of 1.5 g of meat protein per kilogram of ideal body weight and meeting vitamin, mineral and fluid requirements. Evaluation of nitrogen and energy metabolism revealed the development of starvation ketosis and a positive nitrogen balance. Serial whole-body potassium measurements in two patients confirmed preservation of lean tissue despite continuing loss of weight. Clinical diabetes mellitus in two subjects was rapidly ameliorated by the regimen. Short-term weight loss greater than 18 kg occurred in three of the four subjects, and reduced weight persisted during observation periods of 26 to 44 months. This degree of outpatient diet adherence by mentally deficient subjects, who do not normally experience satiety, suggests that hunger is eliminated or at least reduced by modified, protein-sparing fasting.
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PMID:Metabolic aspects of a protein-sparing modified fast in the dietary management of Prader-Willi obesity. 84 Feb 78

The authors trace three phases in the course of anorexia nervosa and compare its physical and psychological symptoms with those of starvation. Phase I, which may occur months or years before the illness, usually includes precipitating events that result in loss of self-esteem and increased self-consciousness about physical appearance. During phase II patients develop the "anorectic attitude," an unreasonable fear of eating, and show pride in their ability to lose weight. By phase III patients are forced by the severity of starvation symptoms to admit that they are ill. Although many of the physical symptoms of starvation and anorexia nervosa are similar, anorectic patients, in contrast to victims of starvation, show high initiative, the ability to suppress hunger, restless hyperactivity, and body image distortion.
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PMID:On the course of anorexia nervosa. 90 Mar 7

In 1992, the worst drought in recorded history hit southern Africa. It especially affected the eastern area of Swaziland where staff at a rural district hospital, Good Shepherd Hospital in Siteki, struggled to treat rising numbers of ill and malnourished people. 10% of the population in this area reached the advanced stage of starvation. Almost 50% did not have enough food to meet their nutritional needs. Women had to travel as far as 15 miles to retrieve water from tankers and sometimes wait for days because other water sources evaporated. Maize did not grow. The subsistence farmers and their families, who made up most of the population, were able to use food stored from the year before, but it only postponed hunger. They sold their cattle (their symbol of wealth), borrowed money, and migrated to cities, leaving children and grandparents to provide for themselves. This area also had an influx of refugees from Mozambique who tended to receive more food than the natives. The incidence, but not the types, of diseases increased much during the drought. These diseases included diarrhea, respiratory infections, measles, marasmus, kwashiorkor, and vitamin deficiencies. The drought did reduce the incidence of malaria, however. Nongovernmental organizations helped with food and in measuring the effects of the drought, e.g., with anthropometric surveys of young children. The international community offered to send Swaziland more than 100,000 tons of cereal, but by December 1992 the cereal had not arrived. The people distributed the limited food to those most in need. The limited maize available for distribution was yellow, but the people were accustomed to white maize and believed yellow maize to be poisonous. When droughts occur, the crux of the problem in developing countries is the pressure exerted by multinational lending institutions to earn foreign currency to pay interest on national debt.
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PMID:Another African disaster. 846 97

The effect of 5 days of food deprivation followed by 5 days of refeeding on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, central benzodiazepine receptors (CBR), and peripheral benzodiazepine binding sites (PBzS) was studied in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Starvation induced a decrease in the density of PBzS in peripheral organs: adrenal (35%; P less than 0.001), kidney (33%; P less than 0.01), and heart (34%; P less than 0.001). Restoration of [3H]PK 11195 binding to normal values was observed in all three organs after 5 days of refeeding. The density of PBzS in the ovary, pituitary, and hypothalamus was not affected by starvation. Food deprivation resulted in a 35% decrease in cerebellar GABA receptors (P less than 0.01), while CBR in the hypothalamus and cerebral cortex remained unaltered. The changes in PBzS observed in the heart and kidney may be related to the long-term metabolic stress associated with starvation and to the functional changes occurring in these organs. The down-regulation of the adrenal PBzS is attributable to the suppressive effect of hypercortisolemia on pituitary ACTH release. The reduction in cerebellar GABA receptors may be an adaptive response to food deprivation stress and may be relevant to the proaggressive effect of hunger.
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PMID:Food deprivation modulates gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors and peripheral benzodiazepine binding sites in rats. 196 44

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of an eight day starvation period on semen characteristics and some endocrine parameters of young bulls. The experiments were performed with 18 bulls in two trials showing the following set-up: pre-treatment period (7 or 20 days), starvation period (8 days), realimentation period (3 days) and control period (64 days). During the pre-treatment period and the control period the bulls obtained a well-balanced food-ration, during the period of starvation only 2 kg straw daily. During the starvation period the bulls lost 6% of their bodyweight. No influence on general health could be noticed. The concentrations of testosterone, LH, bovine growth hormone, insulin and insulin-like growth factor decreased significantly during or after the period of starvation. There was no clear influence in volume, sperm density and total number of sperm due to the metabolic stress during the hunger period. The initial progressive motility of sperm was not affected. The percentage of morphological abnormal spermatozoa increased 45-55 days after the hunger period. Simultaneously the semen freezability was decreased. An influence on the acrosomal morphology of frozen/thawed spermatozoa could not be obtained. The concentration of fructose, citric acid and glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC) of the seminal plasma was insignificantly influenced during the period of starvation. The realimentation caused a stimulating effect on the secretion mainly of GPC.
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PMID:[Effects of a metabolic endurance test developed for the constitution examination of young bulls on spermatologic and endocrine parameters]. 207 62

No definitive therapy exists for anorexia nervosa (AN) or bulimia nervosa (BN). Nevertheless, biologic and psychologic research into these disorders has increased over the last decade. We examine the various drugs available for treatment. Advances in pharmacotherapy for AN have been modest and have reflected efforts either to stimulate hunger and weight gain or to control complications of the starvation process. Food remains the "drug" of choice. Antidepressants have been found to be beneficial in the treatment of BN. The meaning of this in the context of a relation between BN and mood disorders remains unclear, since coexistent depression does not predict a positive response to these drugs. Pharmacotherapy represents a single but important dimension of the management of patients with eating disorders. The optimal integration of drug therapy and psychotherapy and the identification of predictors of a positive response to drugs have yet to be addressed by clinical research.
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PMID:Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. 275 43

To persuade South Africa to abolish its apartheid policy several measures have been taken by the international community, including economic sanctions. The harm done by sanctions to the South African economy is obvious. As economic activity has slowed down, unemployment, especially in the black community, has risen. For the unemployed poverty and hunger are harsh realities while for those lucky enough to have jobs income remains quite high. Prostitution has become a way of redistributing income and for many families it is the only way to avoid starvation. With prostitution, however, has come AIDS: it is estimated that HIV infection is doubling every 5-8 months. On 1 calculation 85% of sexually active blacks could be infected with HIV by 1996; most would proceed to AIDS and die, leaving millions of children without parents. Although economic sanctions have speeded up some measure of reform in South Africa they are now harming the very people they were intended to help. Furthermore insidious voices are already being heard saying the government should stop all reform processes and anti-AIDS campaigns and just "sit it out" for the next few years. A further consequence of an ailing economy is the unavailability of funding for those who wish to curb the spread of AIDS via educational and other programs. [Full text]
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PMID:Apartheid and AIDS. 257 92

Alteration of fatty acid composition was studied in blood plasma and erythrocytes of 14 patients with osteochondrosis under conditions of relief-diet therapy. During the period of full starvation distinct decrease in content of linoleic and eicosatrienic acids as well as an increase in content of palmitic, oleic and arachidonic acids were detected in blood plasma. Shifts in the ratio linoleic/arachidonic acids towards an increase in content of arachidonic acid appear to occur as a result of adaptation to stress caused by hunger. These alterations in the fatty acid spectrum of blood plasma, observed during starvation, were normalized within two weeks of recreative diet therapy. Deficiency in polyunsaturated fatty acids was not found in erythrocyte membranes under conditions of the relief-diet therapy course used.
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PMID:[Changes in fatty acid composition of the plasma and erythrocytes in osteochondrosis]. 281 85

The psychobiology of anorexia nervosa is described and explained under four headings; (1) the psychopathology as related to the motivation for fasting; (2) metabolic and somatic consequences of starvation, including brain morphology; (3) endocrine abnormalities in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and gonadal axis; and (4) the hunger drive and its possible perversions in terms of aspects of neuroethology and the reward system in the brain.
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PMID:Psychobiology of anorexia nervosa. 332 42

1. Aggressive behaviour was elicited in rats that had been deprived of food for 20 h daily (starved), by chronic administration of Cannabis sativa extract or (-)-Delta(9)-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol.2. The influence of intraperitoneal (i.p.) or oral glucose administration, cold environment, acidosis, and corn, and protein-free diets on this aggressiveness was studied.3. Intraperitoneal injections of glucose (100-1,600 mg/kg) did not alter the aggressiveness induced by marihuana in starved rats; glucose given orally, however, blocked this behaviour.4. Low temperature (14 degrees C) strongly potentiated the aggressive behaviour induced by marihuana in the starved rats.5. Lactic acid in doses capable of potentiating thiopental anaesthesia, failed to alter the marihuana-aggressiveness of starved rats or to facilitate this effect of marihuana in rats fed ad libitum. The same negative results were obtained with ammonium chloride.6. In rats fed ad libitum with protein-free or corn diets, marihuana administered chronically did not elicit aggressive behaviour. However, aggressiveness appeared when rats were fed for only 2 h daily on those diets.7. The results suggest that the stress of hunger (and not hypoglycaemia, acidosis or lack of specific nutrients due to starvation) is the factor that facilitates the development of aggressive behaviour by chronic administration of marihuana.
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PMID:Factors influencing the aggressiveness elicited by marihuana in food-deprived rats. 506 30


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