Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038187 (starvation)
 24,951 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of 10 days of total energy deprivation on serum levels of immunoglobulins, antibodies acute phase reactants and on interferon production were evaluated in fourteen healthy, normal-weight males. A significant depression was noted of the serum levels of complement factor 3, haptoglobin and orosomucoid. The titres of mercaptoethanol-sensitive specific antibodies to flagellin were higher in the subjects inoculated at the end of the starvation period than in controls and those inoculated at the start of the period. The serum levels of IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, alpha-1-antitrypsin and complement factor 4, and the interferon-producing capacity of blood lymphocytes, were not changed. Thus, 10 days of total energy deprivation depresses the serum levels of several acute phase reactants and re-feeding may enhance antibody production.
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PMID:Acute energy deprivation in man: effect on serum immunoglobulins antibody response, complement factors 3 and 4, acute phase reactants and interferon-producing capacity of blood lymphocytes. 60 38

The possible potentiation of an infection upon the metabolic consequences of trauma was tested in rats using a 2 X 2 block design which included control, femoral fracture, pneumococcal infection, and fracture plus infection groups. Infection introduced unique metabolic effects different from those of starvation, femoral fracture, or both together. Infection-induced effects included an accelerated conversion of 14C-alanine to glucose, higher serum haptoglobin, alpha2-macrofetoprotein, copper, and ceruloplasmin values, and lower serum iron, zinc, and transferrin concentrations. The first three of these infection-induced effects were diminished in rats with a femoral fracture. No measured effect of infection was increased in traumatized rats.
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PMID:Specific metabolic effects imposed by Streptococcus pneumoniae upon the response to femoral fracture in the rat. 90 63

Plasma fibronectin, which is an alpha 2-glycoprotein of importance for the immunodefence, has been reported to decrease after starvation and in severely ill patients with cancer. To evaluate the usefulness of fibronectin as an indicator of nutritional repletion, 18 patients with gastrointestinal disorders were studied over a 2-wk period of total parenteral nutrition (TPN). According to nutritional assessment on admission the patients were divided into well nourished (n = 6) and malnourished (n = 12). For comparison nine patients with anorexia nervosa were also studied over a 3-wk period of TPN. Before and after TPN fibronectin, albumin, prealbumin, transferrin, and two acute-phase reactants, haptoglobin and orosomucoid were measured in plasma. The majority of the malnourished patients had an inflammatory reaction in contrast to only a few of the well-nourished and anorexia nervosa patients. Of the proteins measured, only fibronectin rose significantly in the malnourished patients (malnourished and anorexia nervosa), but not in the well nourished patients during TPN. Our results may indicate the usefulness of fibronectin as an indicator of short-term TPN in malnourished subjects, irrespective of the presence or absence of inflammatory response.
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PMID:Influence of total parenteral nutrition on plasma fibronectin in malnourished subjects with or without inflammatory response. 620 90

Trauma and surgery induce extensive physiological changes, commonly denominated the acute phase reaction (APR). This APR is activated by various kinds of stimuli, namely nociceptive stimulations, tissue injury, tissue ischaemia and reperfusion as well as by haemodynamic disturbances which occur commonly in such patients. APR is mainly characterised by the release of counter-regulatory hormones, complex metabolic changes and by the hepatic synthesis of numerous acute phase factors (C-reactive protein, haptoglobin, complement protein, etc). In addition, fever is typically present and there is a resistance to the nutritional support. The intensity of APR is variable, according to the extent of surgery, the subsequent course, occurrence of complications and to various factors related to the patient and its treatment. In patients with non complicated surgery and low or moderate severity trauma, the metabolic changes are minor and self-limited. In such a condition, there is no need for nutritional support. Conservely, in patients with complicated surgery or major trauma, there is an extensive APR, which can be very prolonged. This results in important and sustained metabolic changes, leading to extensive catabolism and progressive loss of body cell mass. The latter is amplified by the decreased body ability to adapt to starvation and by the resistance to the nutritional support that typically occur in complicated postoperative and trauma patients. Total parenteral nutrition does not prevent from metabolic changes occurring in surgical patients. By contrast, several experimental and human studies have shown that early enteral nutrition may alleviate both the endocrine and metabolic responses in such conditions. Regional anaesthesia, particularly by the epidural route, may also decrease but not abolish the extent of APR.
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PMID:[Consequences of surgery on nutritional status]. 748 33

Mutations in the tumor suppressor p53 are a common event in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Because HCCs typically occur in livers with chronic injury and impaired function, we have explored the role of wild-type p53 in regulating the growth and differentiation of Hep 3B hepatoma cells, a p53-negative line derived from a liver cancer. Stable Hep 3B cell lines were generated in which inducible p53 was introduced using either a temperature-sensitive mutant (p53val135) or a tamoxifen-regulated p53-estrogen receptor chimera (p53-mERtm-pBabepuro). In both cell lines, induction of transcriptionally active p53 was confirmed by assessing several p53 targets: Mdm2 protein, p21waf1 mRNA and protein, and the cyclin G promoter. Despite marked induction of p21waf1, cells with active p53 failed to undergo growth arrest, which is probably due to the presence of a non-functional retinoblastoma protein (pRb) in these cells. Apoptosis also was not observed, even after prolonged (48 h) serum starvation or exposure to cisplatinum. Lack of apoptosis was correlated with unchanged bax mRNA levels following p53 induction. Additionally, albumin mRNA levels remained unchanged, and there was no change in basal transactivation of a reporter containing the promoter of the haptoglobin gene, encoding an acute phase protein. This suggests that growth arrest may be required to promote liver-specific gene expression. Overall, our data demonstrate that introduction of transcriptionally active p53 does not alter the malignant, dedifferentiated phenotype of Hep 3B hepatoma cells. Hence, not all cancer cells are equally responsive to the re-activation of wild-type 53. The ability of a cancer cell to undergo p53-mediated phenotypic alterations may depend on the retention of functional downstream effector pathways.
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PMID:Resistance to p53-mediated growth arrest and apoptosis in Hep 3B hepatoma cells. 923 78

Many reports have stated that some of the pathogenic bacteria can obtain iron from ferroproteins, such as cytochrome C, ferritin, hemin, hemoglobin, and myoglobin. These reports prompted us to determine if an opportunistic pathogenic fungus, Candida albicans, can utilize ferroproteins to circumvent the iron-regulatory effect of transferrin. The following assays were carried out to measure in vitro growth stimulation by the ferroproteins: as an initial step, C. albicans was cultured in iron-free (pretreated with apotransferrin for 24 h) culture medium. Once Candida albicans yeast cell growth reached stasis from iron starvation, individual ferroproteins were added to the culture media. Results showed that hemin, hemoglobin, and myoglobin supported a partial growth recovery. Additional studies with haptoglobin, a serum protein that interacts with the globin moiety of certain ferroproteins, established that C. albicans could obtain iron from the haptoglobin-ferroprotein complexes. These data indicate that the heme part of the ferroproteins is the source of iron. This implies that heme oxygenase, CaHMX1 might be involved in bringing about dissociation of heme-containing protein for iron-acquisition. In addition, anticandidal activity of transferrin takes place not only by the process of iron regulation, but also by direct interaction with the yeast cells.
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PMID:Utilization of ferroproteins by Candida albicans during candidastasis by apotransferrin. 1617 24

The effect of 4 days total starvation (water only) in five normal subjects on the circulating concentrations of various proteins was studied. Changes in plasma albumin and total protein concentrations were compared with those of six patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery with partial starvation and six patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery with adequate feeding - (0.126-0.146 MJ/kg/day and 1.2-1.4 g protein/kg/day). In a companion study hand grip strength was measured daily in ten normal subjects during starvation and in 18 patients undergoing surgery for hernia repair (n = 6), cholecystectomy (n = 6) and major abdominal surgery (n = 6). Starvation produced marked reductions (approximately 30%) in the circulating concentrations of retinol binding protein and prealbumin but did not significantly affect the plasma concentration of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) acute phase reactants (orosomucoid, haptoglobin, alpha(1) antitrypsin), albumin and total protein. On the other hand both types of elective surgery produced significant reductions in plasma albumin and total protein concentrations irrespective of feeding. Grip strength was not significantly altered by four days of starvation but surgery produced a temporary reduction in grip strength, the extent and duration of which was related to the severity of operation. This study helps to separate the effect of surgery and starvation on hand dynamometry and circulating protein concentrations and indicates their limitations as indicators of nutritional state.
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PMID:Effect of starvation and elective surgery on hand dynamometry and circulating concentration of various proteins. 1682 52