Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038187 (starvation)
 24,951 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In Experiment 1, rats were given a 1% lead acetate diet from Day 100 of life to the termination of the experiment. After 82 days of lead feeding behavioral tests were started. Lead exposure increased wheel-turning hyperactivity produced by food deprivation and phenylethylamine injection. Lead produced no activity change in the unchallenged condition. In the open field, lead-exposure rats were less responsive to the stimulating action of PEA and amphetamine and to the sedating action of pentobarbital. In Experiment 2, the interaction of lead with food deprivation of PEA on wheel-turning was replicated in naive animals given only a 32-day exposure. Chemical analysis was made of tissues. Ingested lead entered the brain. Regional steady-state levels of brain norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin were not altered by lead treatment when measured following four days of starvation at a time when lead-induced behavioral change was distinct. It was concluded that pharmacological challenges on activity may be sensitive indicators of lead exposure, but the type of activity measure is critical.
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PMID:Drug and food-deprivation modulation of activity in rats given chronic dietary lead: significance of type of activity measure. 729 Dec 53

Autophagy, a highly regulated homeostatic degradative process, allows cells to reallocate nutrients from less important to more essential processes under extreme conditions of starvation. Autophagy also prevents the buildup of damaged proteins and organelles that cause chronic tissue damage and disease. Although a topic of great interest with involvement of multiple signaling pathways, there are limitations in real-time detection of the autophagic process. EMD Millipore has developed technologies where prepackaged, ready-to-use, high-titer lentiviral particles, "lentiviral biosensors," encoding GFP- or RFP-tagged proteins provide a convenient and robust solution for fluorescent imaging of cells undergoing autophagy. Compared to nonviral transfection methods, lentiviral transduction, in many cases, offers higher transfection efficiency and more homogeneous protein expression, particularly for traditionally hard-to-transfect primary cell types. Lentiviral biosensors are ideal for use with fixed and live cell fluorescent microscopy, and are nondisruptive towards cellular function. GFP- or RFP-protein localization matches well with antibody-based immunostaining and demonstrates altered patterns of expression upon treatment with modulators of cell function and phenotype. Lentiviral biosensors provide a broadly effective, convenient method for visualization of cell behavior under a variety of physiological and pathological treatment conditions, in both endpoint and real-time imaging modalities. In this study, we focus on lentiviral biosensors containing GFP-LC3 and RFP-LC3 to study the formation of autophagosomes.
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PMID:Analysis of autophagosome formation using lentiviral biosensors for live fluorescent cellular imaging. 2530 68

The attachment of fluorine to graphene is a facile means to activate the carbon bonds for subsequent covalent bonding to other molecules for the preparation of desired graphene derivatives. Therefore, an insight into the chemical reactivity of fluorinated graphene (FG) is very essential to enable precise control of the composition and structure of the final products. In this study, FG has been treated with various mass amounts of poly(oxypropylene)diamine (PEA) ranging from starvation to saturation to explore the dependence of a substitution reaction of diamines on the nature and location (attached onto the basal planes or along defects or edges) of C-F bonds. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy directly tracked the atomic percentage of fluorine present and the carbon 1s bonding state, showing that the grafting ratio of diamines gradually increases with increased diamine mass ratio. The varying of the types and orientation of C-F bonds characterized by polarized attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicates that "covalent" C-F bonds are more sensitive to the substitution reaction of diamines than ''semi-ionic'' C-F bonds, and the C-F bonds attached onto basal planes more preferably participate in the functionalization reaction of diamines than that of C-F bonded on non-coplanar regions (edges or defects). The one-dimensional expansion along the graphene c-axis shown by wide angle X-ray diffraction provides further evidence on the preferred functionalization reaction of C-F attached on the basal planes, resulting in a change of the average intersheet distance by various magnitudes.
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PMID:Chemical reactivity of C-F bonds attached to graphene with diamines depending on their nature and location. 2730 62