Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038187 (starvation)
 24,951 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. The concentrations of serum protein albumin, prealbumin and transferrin were determined in twenty-eight cases of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) with infection, together with the levels of serum proteinase inhibitors (PI), alpha1-antitrypsin (AT), alpha1-antichymotrypsin (Ach), alpha2-macroglobulin (alpha2M) and inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (IalphaI). 2. Albumin, prealbumin and transferrin concentrations, as well as the levels of PI, IalphaI and alpha2M were found to be lower in cases of PEM associated with infection than the corresponding values for a group of healthy Thai preschool children and a group of newborn Thai children, but despite starvation AT and Ach values generally were increased. 3. The results provide support for the hypothesis that PI, especially AT and Ach might limit the synthesis of albumin, prealbumin and transferrin in PEM associated with infection, via the inhibition of the mobilization of body's own protein.
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PMID:Serum proteinase inhibitors and other serum proteins in protein-energy malnutrition. 7 Feb 17

The current rapid expansion of the human population on earth, particularly in the less developed countries, raises the possibility of widespread, serious malnutrition and starvation for many unless agricultural technology can intervene with appropriate answers to these problems. Plant breeders have been charged with developing varieties that will yield larger quantities of improved quality protein. Since the realization that maize having the opaque-2 gene has markedly improved protein quality, much work has been done in many areas of research to apply this discovery as well as to learn more about alternative methods to attain the same goals. This discussion will be a review of the advances so far attained by plant breeders in their efforts to develop maize with improved protein quantity and quality. Work concerning the utilization of mutant genes that improve protein quality and efforts at exploiting the naturally occurring variation for protein quality and quantity will be examined. Work that has been done in other related fields that has relevance to the protein improvement problem will also be examined. Screening and subsequent regeneration of tissue cultures as well as work concerning the biochemical energetics of yield and protein improvement will be examined in order to bring the problem of breeding for protein improvement into perspective. Finally, the corn industry's experience with improving protein quality and quantity will provide a basis for discussing the economic considerations of such improvement.
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PMID:The current status of breeding for protein quality in corn. 10 73

In carcinoma of the esophagus, two major factors are operative, both of which are capable of suppressing the immune response, namely starvation and the presence of a malignant tumor. Twenty patients who were treated by palliative intubation for unresectable carcinoma of the esophagus were investigated. All patients were suffering from protein-calorie malnutrition and were shown to be in negative nitrogen balance. Lymphocyte counts and the nonspecific cellular and humoral immune response were evaluated before and after correction of the nutritional deficit. No attempt was made to reduce tumor bulk. The cellular immune response was compromised in all patients. The DNCB skin test was negative, absolute lymphocyte counts and T-lymphocyte numbers were significantly depressed, and the mitogenic response to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation also significantly depressed. Immunoglobulin A levels were significantly elevated but serum complement concentrations were normal. Reversal of the negative nitrogen balance resulted in a significant increase in absolute and T-lymphocyte numbers, and a significant increase in the mitogenic response to PHA. The DNCB skin test, however, remained nonreactive. Nutritional repletion also significantly increased serum C(3), C(4) and C(3)PA concentrations. Reversal of negative nitrogen balance may reverse in vitro evidence of immunoparesis and produce an increase in complement concentrations, without therapeutic reduction in the tumor load.
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PMID:Nutritional status and the nonspecific cellular and humoral immune response in esophageal carcinoma. 10 56

Plasma proteins, triglyceridemia, body composition and delayed hypersensitivity were determined in 154 critically ill patients after admission. Plasma proteins levels were significantly increased in patients that were subsequently discharged vs. those that died: albumin: 33 +/- 6 g/l vs 28 +/- 6 g/l (p < 10(-6)); transferrin 2,18 +/- 0,65 g/l vs. 1,54 +/0 0,55 g/l (p < 10(-7)); prealbumin: 14,32 +/- 7,79 mg/100 ml vs. 7,28 +/-5,36 mg/100 ml (p < 10(-7)) and triglyceridemia was decreased: 1,07 +/- 0,38 g/l vs. 1,66 +/- 1,12 g/l (p not equal to 10(-3)). Body weight, fat weight and lead body mass were not correlated to subsequent mortality. Muscle cell mass was decreased (-17%, p < 10(-2)) and extracellular water was increased (+14%, p < 10(-4)), in patients who subsequently died. Total body water and visceral cell mass did not change. Initial anergy (tested with 3 antigens: candidin, tuberculin, varidase) did correlate with mortality: 35/62 died when delayed hypersensitivity was negative vs. 13/71 when it was positive (p < 10(-4)). Mortality was associated with decreased total lymphocyte count: 884 +/- 1025 vs. 1270 +/- 870 (p < 0,02) and serum iron: 51 +/- 40 micrograms/100 ml vs. 74 +/- 45 micrograms/100 ml (p < 10(-2)). Sepsis correlated with mortality (p < 10(-3)) and could produce these changes. These results suggest that critically ill paients have a protein-calorie malnutrition syndrom marktly different from that observed in simple starvation. Nutritional therapy must be, in this group of patients, adapted to this concept.
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PMID:[Nutritional status in critically ill patients. Relationship with mortality (author's transl)]. 12 28

In the subgroup of small-for-dates, indicated as intra-uterine malnourished infants, we made an attempt to correlate the degree of starvation and the degree of skeletal retardation. In 31 wasted infants (including 4 post-mature children) and 20 not wasted infants, the ponderal index (100 X W/L3) was determined and deviation from 'normal' calculated. A highly significant correlation was found between the degree of malnutrition (deviation of the ponderal index from normal) and the degree of skeletal retardation (in weeks). The skeletal retardation seems a useful parameter to determine the minimal duration of insufficient energy supply to the fetus.
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PMID:Intra-uterine malnutrition and skeletal retardation. 21 30

A brief presentation is given of granulocyte physiology, as well as some techniques in use for assessing the adherance, the migration, the uptake and bacterial killing and finally the metabolic activity of these cells. Also the activities of the reticuloendothelial system and an in vivo method to measure the phagocytic and metabolic function of macrophages are described. A change, most often a decrease, in phagocytic function has been noted in several circumstances common in surgical practice. So is the case after open heart surgery, during infusion with colloids for blood replacement, and during treatment with immunosuppressive drugs. Further, various forms of malnutrition, such as total starvation, obesity and the hypertriglyceridemia following excessive infusion of fat emulsions may impair granulocyte function.
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PMID:Phagocyte function in various situations in surgery. 27 40

Pigbel is the commonest cause of death in children over 12 months of age at Goroka Hospital. The clinical features are described. The medical management of pigbel includes intravenous fluids, nasogastric suction, penicillin and chloramphenicol. The development of dehydration, anaemia, hyponatraemia, hypokalaemia and hypoalbuminaemia must be prevented. In severe pigbel prolonged starvation may result in malnutrition that impairs wound healing and increases mortality. Intravenous feeding is therefore desirable in some cases.
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PMID:The medical management of enteritis necroticans (pigbel). 29 41

Acute and chronic starvation is often associated with childhood cancer. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) with 20% glucose and 3.0% amino acids, and minerals and vitamins was instituted to treat or prevent malnutrition in 41 children with cancer, ages three months to 18 years. TPN was required for anorexia, vomiting and diarrhea associated with anti-cancer therapy in 33 patients for intestinal complications or surgery in nine, and for preoperative correction of malnutrition in two. During TPN, general nutrition and appearance improved in all patients. Weight gain was noted in most. Despite gastrointestinal complications which usually require the interruption of chemotherapy and irradiation, in 21 children treatment could be continued at full dose with nutritional support by TPN. TPN was discontinued in six patients when blood cultures became positive. Sepsis was treated successfully by removal of the central venous catheter in all six and administration of antibiotics in three. No metabolic complications were noted. TPN appears to be a safe and effective means of combating the malnutrition which may occur with cancer and its therapy.
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PMID:Parenteral nutritional support in children with cancer. 40 34

Total parenteral nutrition has evolved as a distinct therapeutic reality within the past decade. Starvation or malnutrition need no longer be accepted as a necessary component of prolonged illness. Though current TPN techniques can be both safe and effective, the prevention of potential complications must always have a high priority. Changes in technique are to be anticipated as further knowledge and improved materials allow the pursuit of more basic clinical problems. The recent experience with the use of high caloric TPN solutions for prolonged gastrointestinal failure in 73 patients at the Loyola University Medical Center has been summarized. The need for the involvement of an experienced TPN team in the care of these patients cannot be overemphasized if the numerous and diverse potential complications of the TPN system are to be minimized.
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PMID:Total parenteral nutrition. 41 2

Following sudden disasters, major outbreaks are rare unless malnutrition and starvation are common. No dramatic increase of water borne diseases has been reported and adequately documented in the aftermath of the earthquakes, cyclones or floods of this decade. However, the attitude of the public, the mass media and of the health services is sometimes irrational leading to impressive but ineffective mass immunizations. An epidemiologic system and accurate information on the actual situation are essential in case of major disasters.
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PMID:[Attitude toward the risk of epidemics during sudden disasters (author's transl)]. 61 20


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