Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038187 (starvation)
 24,951 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purpose of this study was to characterize the mechanisms by which glucose regulates IGF-I gene expression in rat C6 glioma cells and in rat GH3 pituitary adenoma cells. Glucose starvation for periods of 12 to 48 h decreased IGF-I mRNA levels. In contrast, there was no stimulation of IGF-I mRNA by medium glucose between 1 and 25 mM over a 24-h period. Studies with hexoses and glycolytic metabolites suggested that glucose metabolism was required to maintain IGF-I mRNA. Glucose starvation lowered IGF-I mRNA half-life in both C6 and GH3 cells. Protein synthesis inhibition lowered IGF-I mRNA by about 20% in glucose-fed C6 and GH3 cells, while potently increasing IGF-I mRNA in glucose-starved C6 cells and not altering IGF-I mRNA in glucose-starved GH3 cells. Our results suggest that in these tumor cells, IGF-I mRNA stability is reduced by glucose starvation, secondary to a deficiency in intracellular glucose metabolism. Ongoing protein synthesis is not required for this mRNA de-stabilizing effect in GH3 cells. Rather, in glucose-starved C6 cells, decreased IGF-I mRNA stability may result from the action of a labile protein.
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PMID:Glucose starvation reduces IGF-I mRNA in tumor cells: evidence for an effect on mRNA stability. 1070 53

The growth hormone secretagogue ghrelin is in the centre of interest since its discovery in 1999. It stimulates growth hormone, corticotropic hormone and prolactin secretion, but also plays an important role in the regulation of appetite, carbohydrate- and lipid metabolism and possibly on gastric acid secretion, gastric motility, heart function and as well as immune functions and cell proliferation. Ghrelin was originally identified from the stomach but it is also present in all tissue among others in: hypothalamus, pituitary, pancreas, lung, immune cells, placenta, ovary, testis, kidney and in different tumours including pituitary adenoma, neuroendocrine tumours, thyroid carcinomas, endocrine tumours of the pancreas and lung. The gene structure and its receptor are similar to motilin, they are both synthesized in the upper gastrointestinal tract and both have prokinetic activity on gut motility. The ghrelin receptor (growth hormone secretagogue receptor) is a member of G protein-coupled seven transmembrane domain receptor. The receptor is localised in the central nervous system, kidney, thyroid, pancreas, myocardium and spleen. Starvation and low body mass index decrease, while food intake, hyperglycaemia, elevated insulin levels and high body mass index increase the endogenous ghrelin levels. Although we know much about the ghrelin, number of questions remain unanswered, such as the effects of the locally-produced ghrelin or its role in the cell metabolism.
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PMID:[Ghrelin--a hormone with multiple functions]. 1610 57