Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038187 (starvation)
 24,951 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 3-year 9-month-old child presented unresponsive, dehydrated, and in shock, a consequence of child neglect, abuse, and starvation. This scenario provides the vehicle for a discussion of three problems which can be precipitated by child neglect, specifically kwashiorkor, central pontine myelinolysis, and intellectual repercussions of malnutrition.
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PMID:Altered consciousness and shock in a malnourished child. 888 68

Tribal hatred and rivalry can contribute to the dislocation of many people and reduction in their social welfare. Assimilation into new areas is made difficult by limitations on resources: the results can be starvation, malnutrition, death, morbidity, prostitution and rape, and inadequate shelter and means of survival. In the fall of 1992, more than 150,000 Kasaians were forced to leave Zaire and travel to regions in the East and West Kasai by whatever means possible. Accounts of "repatriation" were given by women involved in the movement. One account describes the initial adjustment in 1991 of a nine-child family in Katanga; this family took in 10 refugee families until it became impossible to survive or get along with neighbors. The decision was made to take the one train out of the area to Kasai territory. The journey was difficult for the children who had to stand and did not have sufficient food or water. A two to three day trip took two weeks. The adjustment to the new village was a strange experience, after having lived with electricity and tap water. By March 1993, conditions had so deteriorated that Kasaian women were banned from economic activity of any kind, and young thugs brandishing knives and clubs hurt and killed Kasaian women and children. Houses were set on fire, and people were disposed without any shelter in the rainy season. Those with possessions sold them and bought food. Some tried to find food in abandoned fields, but were driven back by Katangan military personnel. Maize grains and maniac root were the only food options. Many became ill with kwashiorkor and dysentery, and as many as 35 people died daily. The Red Cross counted 640 deaths between March 20 and May 25, 1993. The hatred ran deep, and mixed marriages suffered. Most families left by train, but the conditions in Kananga were the same as in Kolwezi. Food rations were inadequate. The refugee camps had bottled water, but access meant a very long wait. There was no income and no facility to plan for the future.
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PMID:Testimonies from Zaire. 1228 37

The concept of prediabetes has come to the fore again with the worldwide epidemic of Type 2 diabetes. The careful observations of W. P. U. Jackson and his colleagues in Cape Town, South Africa 50 years ago still deserve attention. Maternal hyperglycaemia cannot be the only cause of fetal macrosomia, and the pathophysiological reason for the unexplained stillbirth in late diabetic pregnancy still eludes us. The biochemical concepts of 'facilitated anabolism' and 'accelerated starvation' were developed by Freinkel as explanations of the protective mechanisms for the baby during the stresses of pregnancy. Some of these nutritional stresses may also occur in the particular form of early childhood malnutrition known in Africa as kwashiorkor, where subcutaneous fat deposition, carbohydrate intolerance, islet hyperplasia and sudden death may follow a period of excess carbohydrate and deficient protein intake. Different feeding practices in different parts of the world make comparisons uncertain, but there is evidence for insulin resistance in both the macrosomic fetus of the hyperglycaemic mother and in the child with established kwashiorkor. These adaptive changes in early development may play both a physiological and a pathological role. Worldwide studies of hyperglycaemia in pregnancy are gradually establishing acceptable diagnostic criteria, appropriate screening procedures and an evidence base for treatment. Nevertheless the challenge of prediabetes and the big baby is still with us--in Jackson's words--'diabetes mellitus is a fascinating condition-the more we know about it the less we understand it'.
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PMID:Prediabetes and the big baby. 1819 27


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