Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038187 (starvation)
 24,951 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors present the results of experimental-morphological study of the intestine and other internal organs of guinea pigs subjected and not subjected to starvation infected with a dysentery culture against the background of antiepithelial serum. A marked form of the infectious process with erosive-ulcerative affection of the cecum mostly developed in 70% of the former and in 58.8% of the latter animals.
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PMID:[Morphological characteristics of an experimental dysenteric infection reproduced against a background of reduced intestinal mucosal resistance]. 119 88

Rabbits are not usually susceptible to intestinal Shigella infection without extensive pretreatment, including starvation and administration of antimicrobial, antimotility, and toxic agents (carbon tetrachloride). Most animals infected this way die rapidly and do not always develop colonic lesions and signs of dysentery. We describe here a successful experimental infection in the adult rabbit which does not require preparatory treatment and which reproduced characteristic features of human shigellosis. Unstarved, untreated adult rabbits were infected by direct inoculation of virulent Shigella flexneri 2a (10 ml of 10(7) bacteria per ml) into the proximal colon after ligation of the distal cecum (cecal bypass). Within 24 h of infection, most inoculated animals consistently developed clinical dysentery, characterized by liquid stool mixed with mucus and blood, leukocytosis, anorexia, and weight loss. Histologically, there were edema, exudation, superficial ulceration, and polymorphonuclear infiltrations in the lamina propria; crypt abscess formation; focal hemorrhages; and the presence of immunohistochemically stained S. flexneri in the colonic mucosa. Successful bacterial colonization was indicated by the isolation of the challenge strain of S. flexneri 2a from the colonic contents. None of the control rabbits challenged with nonvirulent S. flexneri or without cecal bypass developed dysentery or colitis. We conclude that successful Shigella infection can be induced by direct colonic inoculation with virulent S. flexneri 2a in adult rabbits without starvation and pretreatment. The colitis is dependent on the virulence of the bacteria and on the cecal bypass. This model should be useful in studies of the immunopathogenesis of Shigella infection.
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PMID:Development of an improved animal model of shigellosis in the adult rabbit by colonic infection with Shigella flexneri 2a. 759 Oct 70

Tribal hatred and rivalry can contribute to the dislocation of many people and reduction in their social welfare. Assimilation into new areas is made difficult by limitations on resources: the results can be starvation, malnutrition, death, morbidity, prostitution and rape, and inadequate shelter and means of survival. In the fall of 1992, more than 150,000 Kasaians were forced to leave Zaire and travel to regions in the East and West Kasai by whatever means possible. Accounts of "repatriation" were given by women involved in the movement. One account describes the initial adjustment in 1991 of a nine-child family in Katanga; this family took in 10 refugee families until it became impossible to survive or get along with neighbors. The decision was made to take the one train out of the area to Kasai territory. The journey was difficult for the children who had to stand and did not have sufficient food or water. A two to three day trip took two weeks. The adjustment to the new village was a strange experience, after having lived with electricity and tap water. By March 1993, conditions had so deteriorated that Kasaian women were banned from economic activity of any kind, and young thugs brandishing knives and clubs hurt and killed Kasaian women and children. Houses were set on fire, and people were disposed without any shelter in the rainy season. Those with possessions sold them and bought food. Some tried to find food in abandoned fields, but were driven back by Katangan military personnel. Maize grains and maniac root were the only food options. Many became ill with kwashiorkor and dysentery, and as many as 35 people died daily. The Red Cross counted 640 deaths between March 20 and May 25, 1993. The hatred ran deep, and mixed marriages suffered. Most families left by train, but the conditions in Kananga were the same as in Kolwezi. Food rations were inadequate. The refugee camps had bottled water, but access meant a very long wait. There was no income and no facility to plan for the future.
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PMID:Testimonies from Zaire. 1228 37

Formal, Samuel B. (Walter Reed Army Institute, Washington, D.C.), G. D. Abrams, H. Schneider, and H. Sprinz. Experimental Shigella infections. VI. Role of the small intestine in an experimental infection in guinea pigs. J. Bacteriol. 85:119-125. 1963.-Shigella infection under the conditions of our experiment significantly involves the small intestine, producing lesions similar to those seen in human acute small intestinal dysentery. Previous work established that, for a rapidly fatal infection to occur, animals had to be pretreated by starvation or by administration of carbon tetrachloride, and, after oral challenge with S. flexneri, had to receive opium. Data are presented indicating that, in the guinea pig, the motility of the small intestine is a major defense mechanism in clearing bacteria from the gut. It is concluded that the two modes of pretreatment potentiate the ability of opium to decrease this motility, and hence increase susceptibility to enteric infection.
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PMID:Experimental Shigella infections. VI. Role of the small intestine in an experimental infection in guinea pigs. 1395 48

When Japan invaded the Philippines, two missionary dentists (Dr. McAnlis and Dr. Boots) who were forced to leave Korea were captured and interned in the Santo Thomas camp in Manila. Japan continued to bombard and plunder the Philippines in the wake of the Pacific War following the Great East Asia policy, leading to serious inflation and material deficiency. More than 4,000 Allied citizens held in Santo Thomas camp without basic food and shelter. Santo Thomas Camp was equipped with the systems of the Japanese military medical officers and Western doctors of captivity based on the Geneva Conventions(1929). However, it was an unsanitary environment in a dense space, so it could not prevent endemic diseases such as dysentery and dengue fever. With the expansion of the war in Japan, prisoners in the Shanghai and Philippine prisons were not provided with medicines, cures and food for healing diseases. In May 1944, the Japanese military ordered the prisoners to reduce their ration. The war starting in September 1944, internees received 1000 kcal of food per day, and since January 1945, they received less than 800 kcal of food. This was the lowest level of food rationing in Japan's civilian prison camps. They suffered beriberi from malnutrition, and other endemic diseases. An averaged 24 kg was lost by adult men due to food shortages, and 10 percent of the 390 deaths were directly attributable to starvation. The doctors demanded food increases. The Japanese Military forced the prisoner to worship the emperor and doctors not to record malnourishment as the cause of death. During the period, the prisoners suffered from psychosomatic symptoms such as headache, diarrhea, acute inflammation, excessive smoking, and alcoholism also occurred. Thus, the San Thomas camp had many difficulties in terms of nutrition, hygiene and medical care. The Japanese military had unethical and careless medical practices in the absence of medicines. Dr. McAnlis and missionary doctors handled a lot of patients focusing mainly on examination, emergency treatment and provided the medical services needed by Philippines and foreigners as well as prisoners. Through out the war in the Great East Asia, the prisoners of Santo Thomas camp died of disease and starvation due to inhumane Japanese Policy. Appropriate dietary prescriptions and nutritional supplements are areas of medical care that treat patients' malnutrition and disease. It is also necessary to continue research because it is a responsibility related to the professionalism and ethics of medical professionals to urge them to observe the Geneva Convention.
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PMID:The Study on the Lives and Health Conditions of Internees in Santo Thomas Camp of Philippines - Based on McAnlis's The War in Manila (1941-1945). 2891 92