Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038187 (starvation)
 24,951 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Anorexia nervosa (AN), a psychosomatic disease mainly affecting young women, is characterized by conscious starvation, periods of excessive carbohydrate intake and often deliberate vomiting. Medical history, dental examination, and saliva tests of 39 patients aged 14 to 42 years, having suffered from AN for periods of 1 to 20 years, showed dental caries, due to excessive carbohydrate consumption, in all subjects, often in a rampant form. In patients with a history of intense vomiting (27 cases) severe lingual-occlusal erosion (perimylolysis) was nearly always present. Buccal erosion, mainly due to high consumption of acid fruits and drinks to relieve thirst caused by dehydration, was more frequent in vomiting than in non-vomiting patients. Subnormal values of saliva properties, owing to dehydration or xerostomia-inducing medication, were present in the majority of cases; the lowest values occurred in those vomiting. The association AN - vomiting - perimylolysis is discussed, as well as prophylactic and therapeutic measures. A medical, psychiatric, and dental survey of AN is presented.
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PMID:Oral complications in anorexia nervosa. 1 94

Milk samples from 100 lactating mothers in the 10 days following delivery have been analyzed for pH, sodium, and potassium. The sodium concentration was high in the first 5 days, mean 21 +/- 5 mmol/liter, but fell to a mean 15 mmol/liter by the end of the first week and 12 mmol/liter by the 10th day. A similar downward trend was shown for potassium with an initial mean concentration of 18.5 mmol/liter falling to 15 mmol/liter by the 10th day. The pH fluctuated widely from day to day through a range of 6.75-7.42 with a mean pH 7.09. Considerable variations were shown in individuals from day to day, and from the beginning to the end of feeds (Table 1). The relatively high sodium concentration in the first few days may be an important defense mechanism against dehydration and hyponatremia during a period of relative thirst and starvation. The variation in the pH and electrolyte content of human milk may be expected to have some influence on the acid-base and electrolyte status of the infant.
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PMID:Electrolyte pH changes in Human Milk. 2 38

Pigbel is the commonest cause of death in children over 12 months of age at Goroka Hospital. The clinical features are described. The medical management of pigbel includes intravenous fluids, nasogastric suction, penicillin and chloramphenicol. The development of dehydration, anaemia, hyponatraemia, hypokalaemia and hypoalbuminaemia must be prevented. In severe pigbel prolonged starvation may result in malnutrition that impairs wound healing and increases mortality. Intravenous feeding is therefore desirable in some cases.
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PMID:The medical management of enteritis necroticans (pigbel). 29 41

Changes in the parameters of the volumetric fractions of the main cytoplasmic organellae were studied in the subcutaneous connective of albino rats subjected to experimental dehydration and starvation. There were some common features in the histiocytes reaction under these conditions, i. e. hypertrophy of the lysosomal apparatus and cell "infiltration" with lipids. At the same time the following differences are emphasized: dehydration caused an increase of the volumetric mitochondrial fractions and of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and starvation of the phagosomal fraction.
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PMID:[Ultrastructural changes in loose connective tissue histiocytes in dehydration and starvation]. 43 32

Venous plasma and urine amino acids and urea were measured in ten well-trained men, aged 23--45 years, in connection with a 70 km cross-country ski race, lasting 4.39--6.04 h, leading to slight dehydration. The estimated urea production rate during the race was of the order 7.6 mumol/min, kg b.wt, i.e. twice the rate for such men on ordinary protein intake, during ordinary activity, thus suggesting increased protein catabolism. The race led to a fall of the total plasma amino acid concentration to about 60% of the pre-race level. In particular, the branched chain amino acids (valine, iso-leucine, leucine) and alanine were markedly reduced, whereas the S-containing amino acids (taurine, cystine, methionine) and the aromatic (phenylalanine, tyrosine, trytophan, histidine) and glutamine/glutamate were increased, unchanged or only moderately reduced. It is concluded that prolonged heavy exercise is accompanied by increased protein catabolism and changes in the plasma amino acid concentrations similar to those observed during prolonged starvation, but differing from those seen at heavy exercise of less than 2 h duration or prolonged exercise of moderate intensity.
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PMID:Changes in plasma amino acid distribution and urine amino acids excretion during prolonged heavy exercise. 52 87

Participants in many sports, such as wrestling, gymnastics, and light-weight crew, attempt to reduce body weight to achieve a maximum ratio of muscle strength to body weight. Such weight reduction should result only from reduction in excess body fat. In most instances, weight reduction should be achieved at a rate of no more than 1 kg a week, through a modest reduction in diet and a moderate increase in exercise. More rapid weight reduction by starvation and dehydration compromises strength and endurance. Athletes attempting to gain weight should increase weight as muscle mass, not fat. Muscle mass is increased only through muscle work supported by an appropriate increase in food intake. No food, vitamin, drug, or hormone will increase muscle mass. It is recommended that the high caloric diet required to support muscle growth from increased work should be low in animal fats and cholesterol.
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PMID:Gaining and losing weight in athletics. 94 10

The renal tubular responsiveness to antidiuretic hormone was assessed in seven obese patients during starvation and feeding by an overnight dehydration test followed by exogenous vasopressin. All seven subjects showed a mean reduction of one-third in their maximum urinary osmolality on day 4 of starvation. Thes- data show that the renal tubule is partially insensitive to antidiuretic hormone at a time when it is also insensitive to mineralocorticoids.?Author
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PMID:The starved kidney: a defect in renal concentrating ability. 111 37

1. The vasopressin mRNA in the adult male rat hypothalamus is modulated in two distinct ways by a dehydration stimulus. In addition to the well-established increase in transcript abundance, it has recently been demonstrated that the vasopressin mRNA poly(A) tail increases in length. 2. We have studied the ontogeny of poly(A) tail length modulation in neonates in response to milk deprivation and found that poly(A) tail length changes are age dependent. In neonates older than 12 days of age, the vasopressin mRNA poly(A) tail length increased with milk deprivation and this effect became more marked in older animals. However, in rats 5 to 9 days old, milk deprivation resulted in a detectable though not significant decrease in vasopressin mRNA poly(A) tail length. 3. As milk deprivation is a combination of dehydration and starvation, we investigated the effect of the latter stimulus in more mature animals. We found that starvation modifies the length of the vasopressin mRNA poly(A) tail in a manner opposite that due to dehydration. 4. Our data indicate a novel mode of regulation of the vasopressin mRNA, namely, poly(A) tail shortening. This system provides a model for future studies concerning the adaptive role of poly(A) tail length modulation in response to physiological stimuli.
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PMID:Decrease in hypothalamic vasopressin mRNA poly(A) tail length following physiological stimulation. 136 91

Patients with anorexia nervosa frequently demonstrate dehydration, electrolyte imbalance and low blood pressure that are secondary to starvation. Hyperactivity of the Renin-Aldosterone system and insensitivity to the pressor effects of exogenous angiotensin II are observed in Pseudo-Bartter syndrome caused by the abuse of diuretics or laxatives and self-induced vomiting, however, little information about the Renin-Aldosterone system has been reported in patients with anorexia nervosa. This study was designed to investigate the secretory function of the Renin-Aldosterone system in anorexia nervosa. The subjects were 13 patients with anorexia nervosa and 6 normal controls. Experiment 1: Angiotensin II infusion test was performed. Blood pressure was measured every 5 minutes, and the samples for plasma renin and serum aldosterone analysis were taken every 15 minutes during infusion test. Experiment 2: Plasma renin activity and serum aldosterone concentration were measured before and after one-hour walking. The results were as follows; (1) Basal plasma renin activity and serum aldosterone concentration in patients were not significantly higher than those in normal subjects. (2) Hypertensive response with elevation of the diastolic pressure during angiotensin II infusion in patients similar to that of normal subjects was observed. (3) Responses of plasma renin activity and serum aldosterone concentration after one-hour walking were significantly greater in patients than in normal subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Secretory function of the renin-aldosterone system in patients with anorexia nervosa. 201 46

In this work we propose a generalized model to explain encystment (cryptobiosis) in ciliates. The model is elaborated from both structural and physiological studies previously reported, and some hypothetical considerations. The main features of this model are the following: (a) starvation is considered as the most important inducer of ciliate encystment, and it constitutes the first trigger of this cell differentiation process; (b) the "switch on" of encystment genes involves the appearance of several new transcripts; (c) starvation involves cell autophagy and protein turnover, which provides material to synthesize the new cystic proteins; (d) cytoplasmic dehydration has an important role during the resting cyst formation; (e) a gradual loss of intracellular water can inactivate cell metabolism, leading to an ametabolic state (cryptobiosis); (f) as a late precystic event, the encysting cell forms a barrier (cyst wall), that isolates the cell from the hostile environment.
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PMID:Towards a generalized model of encystment (cryptobiosis) in ciliates: a review and a hypothesis. 212 Dec 95


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