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Query: UMLS:C0038187 (starvation)
 24,951 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A mail survey of disease occurrence in Canadian sheep flocks was conducted. The survey, which covered the period from September 1982 to August 1983, utilized flocks on the Record of Performance (ROP) sheep program and relatively complete data were available from 116 flocks. Data about lambing rates, incidence of a variety of lamb and ewe diseases and reasons for culling were obtained. At the same time a retrospective evaluation of records of diagnoses of sheep diseases recorded at diagnostic laboratories across the country was performed. Data from the years 1978 to 1982 were obtained and summarized. A lambing percentage of 153% (1.53 lambs live born per ewe lambing) was observed and an additional 0.05 lambs were stillborn. The major identified causes of mortality amongst lambs were starvation, pneumonia, scours and accidents. Pasteurella spp. were the etiological agents most commonly associated with pneumonia in lambs and Escherichia coli had the same predominant position with regards to nonparasitic scours. A large discrepancy existed between the proportional mortality rates for internal parasites and coccidiosis as determined from the farm survey data compared to diagnostic laboratory data. This suggests that clinical parasitism may not be adequately recognized at the farm level. Abortions in ewes occurred in approximately half the flocks, but generally at a low level and no severe abortion storms occurred. Pneumonia was the most commonly identified cause of mortality in ewes and although Pasteurella spp. appear to be the most important etiological agents, regional differences were apparent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:A survey of sheep diseases in Canada. 384 53

Forty-eight little penguins (Eudyptula minor) consisting of 21 (43.7%) mature, 18 (37.5%) juvenile and nine (18.7%) of undetermined age, from 10 Victorian coastal localities were examined during 1977-78. Thirty-seven (77%) of all penguins were in poor body condition with moderate to heavy burdens of internal and external parasites. Acute parasitic gastric ulceration with accompanying hemorrhage, was implicated in the death of four birds. Chronic gastric ulcers were thought to have caused appetite depression and starvation in 28 birds. Other significant lesions encountered included renal coccidiosis, parasitic cholangiohepatitis and pulmonary aspergillosis. It is suggested that the increased mortality experienced during 1977-78 was due to starvation or to exacerbation of the effects of existing parasite burdens on starving and exhausted birds.
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PMID:Mortality in little penguins (Eudyptula minor) along the coast of Victoria, Australia. 743 25

The feasibility of using the Barn Owl (Tyto alba guttata) to monitor environmental quality in the Netherlands was investigated, using Cd, Cu, Pb, Mn, and Fe as indicators for environmental contamination. Throughout 1992, bird-watchers, volunteers, and officials submitted 53 birds. The age and geographical distribution of these birds, formed a representative sample of the population. The following interrelationships were investigated: cause of death, nutrient reserve, age, time of death, place of death, body measurements, sex, condition, and heavy metal concentration in kidney, liver, and tibia. Twenty-eight animals had died after collisions. Fifteen Barn Owls died of exhaustion. In total, twenty-four birds were exhausted, with coccidiosis or other parasitic gastrointestinal infections. The condition of the birds showed that as the birds' condition worsened, fat reserves were depleted before protein reserves. Significant linear relationships were found between decreasing protein reserves and decreasing dry weights of the liver, kidney, flight muscle and heart, but not of the tibia. An asymptotic, nonlinear relation was observed between dry organ weight and fat reserve. This suggested that fat reserves were only found when protein reserves exceeded 15% of the body mass at starvation. Concentrations of Cu and Fe in liver and kidney rose as protein reserves fell; the total content of Cu and Fe per organ, however, remained constant. The Mn concentration of these organs remained constant; Mn content increased with increasing organ sizes. Neither Cd nor Pb showed a clear relationship with parameters of body condition. The ratio between the organ content of Pb or Cd and the dry organ weight, however, revealed some birds from contaminated habitats. The findings suggested that concentrations of environmental contaminants should be measured on a dry weight basis. Furthermore, depending on the pharmacokinetic characteristics of a contaminant, the total content of that contaminant per organ can be more informative than the concentration. In this one year sample of Barn Owls, no indications were found of toxic levels of Cd, Cu, Pb, Mn, or Fe in the Netherlands. It is concluded that the Barn Owl is a suitable biomonitor. Furthermore, a network of volunteers can produce an informative sample of the Barn Owl population without interfering with the population.
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PMID:Biomonitoring heavy metals using the barn owl (Tyto alba guttata): sources of variation especially relating to body condition. 775 2

Three out of 12,974 fowl in 13 floor pen tests spanning 7 years developed intestinal intussusceptions. Multiple (two separate) intussusceptions in the same bird and a single intussusception with prolapsed colon are conditions both reported for the second time only. One of the three birds had coccidiosis and two had coccidiasis. It is suggested on the basis of these and previously published data that the coccidiosis or coccidiasis sometimes associated with intussusceptions might develop secondarily following reduction of intake of food and, therefore, of anticoccidial agent, caused by the latter condition. Intussusception is probably not caused by starvation per se, since it is rarely associated with poultry diseases which cause primary anorexia. The morphology of the fowl's intestine probably makes invagination physically difficult and induction of an intussusception probably stems from an area of induration, exacerbated by any of several inconsistent predisposing factors. Probably no single cause of intestinal intussusception is identifiable.
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PMID:On the aetiology of intestinal intussusception in the fowl. 1876 29

In a flock of 1017 pullets aged 7 weeks feeding was reduced from 2 to 0.5 bags a day due to feed scarcity. The pullets became weak and some died 5 days later. Necropsy showed duodenal coccidiosis, often an empty gastro-intestinal tract and intussusception of the ileum near the ileocaecal junction. The tips of the caecae and/or their mesentery were often telescoped into the ileum. Affected areas were inflamed, necrotic and often gangrenous and sloughing. On another farm with 328 pullets of 12-weeks-old intussusception of the ileum near the ileocaecal junction was again observed when feeding was reduced from two bags in 3 days to 1 in 5 days. The caecae and/or their mesentery were also involved. Examinations for coccidiosis gave negative results. These observations indicate that starvation may cause intestinal intussusception in fowls.
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PMID:Cases of intestinal intussusception in young fowls. 1876 21