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Query: UMLS:C0038187 (starvation)
 24,951 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In anorexia nervosa the pain of hunger or, alternatively (in bulemia), of glut recalls Freud's aphorism that the man with toothache cannot fall in love. But object longing remains and stimulates such envy that the anorectic must project her wishes; she is not be found wanting. The use of projection, in turn, complicates self-other boundaries, with the result that she experiences not only people but even food as overpowering. This, then, excites more envy, indeed an envy so ruinous that self-starvation or compulsive evacuations are employed additionally to make reparation. Because all of this condenses into Less is More, the anorexic poses particular problems for analytic treatment, which is the subject of a companion paper.
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PMID:The problem of anorexia nervosa. 657 8

Anorexia nervosa or bulimia in adolescent males occurs ten times less frequently than in adolescent females. When they occur, however, they can be clearly identified and differentiated from disorders also associated with weight loss such as swallowing phobias. Early diagnosis and treatment leads to improved outcome. While the formal psychopathology of male anorectics is similar to that of females, there is often a different motivation for the initial weight loss in males. They are more often concerned with attaining an idealized male body and avoiding teasing or criticism about their appearance. When males become ill, they tend to develop the full anorectic syndrome or not to become ill at all. Recognition of the special needs of adolescent males for individualized treatment increases the change of optimal outcome. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia in the teenage male should be seen as an ineffective method of dealing with developmental crises by gaining a sense of effectiveness and control through weight reduction and food restriction. Treatment seeks to improve quickly the starvation-related aspects of the illness while attempting to find more appropriate methods of dealing with the life crises prompting the illness. The real goal of treatment is to make the anorectic or bulimic illness unnecessary by encouraging the patient to continue the work of individuation and separation so that challenges in development and problems in living are resolved in a direct rather than an indirect way through an eating disorder.
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PMID:Anorexia nervosa and bulimia in adolescent males. 659 48

The Eating Disorders Center (EDC), is a clinical-research project of the Mental Research Institute (MRI) centered in the study and treatment of Anorexia Nervosa (Self Starvation), Bulimia (binge-eating and purging) and weight/diet obsessions/compulsions. This paper presents: a) A brief description of the Center, both in its research and clinical aspects. The clinical program is centered in the application of the MRI's brief interactional approach to the treatment of eating disorders. The research project is being developed. b) A definition of terms, taken from the Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM III) and how these eating disorders have shown an increase in recent years. c) A brief discussion of theories of etiology and maintenance in the field of eating disorders. This point includes the perspective on eating disorders of several theoretical models, and how we believe that it is the societal model the one that can account for the recent increase of eating disorders.
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PMID:[Interactional treatment of eating behavior disorders]. 659 69

A case study of hoarding in a woman with anorexia nervosa is reported. Obsessional and borderline personality characteristics, exacerbated by starvation, may be determinants of hoarding in anorexia nervosa.
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PMID:Hoarding in anorexia nervosa. 670 35

An anorexia nervosa patient with hypophosphatemia secondary to starvation and laxative abuse is reported. During the course of refeeding by tube with a high caloric balanced formula, the patient's serum phosphorous dropped from low normal on admission (2.7 mg/dl) to 0.4 mg/dl aggravated by an overdose of laxative she had stolen from the medicine cart. This required ICU monitoring during intravenous phosphorous administration. This case points out the potential hazard of oral realimentation in a severely cachectic anorectic.
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PMID:Potentially life-threatening hypophosphatemia in anorexia nervosa. 684 Dec 39

Experience and behaviour in anorexia nervosa is subordinate to the need to achieve and maintain a low body weight in the presence of the impulse, generated by starvation, to forage and ingest, and moreover in the presence of abundant food supplies. The stance is a phobic avoidance one. Normal adult body weight and attendant post-pubertal 'fatness' is feared and avoided through the process of pubertal regression, facilitated primarily by dietary carbohydrate (and fat) avoidance, but otherwise and less effectively by the vomiting/purging syndrome. The maintenance of this stance requires a total commitment of self-control and control of the environment - which are experienced by others as a primary narcissism within the 'patient' and as a tyrannical manipulative attitude to those others.
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PMID:'Personality' and anorexia nervosa - the phobic avoidance stance. Its origins and its symptomatology. 714 65

Twenty-four anorexia nervosa patients participated in an inpatient broad spectrum behavior therapy program. The changes in body weight, anorectic behaviors and attitudes and endocrine variables (24-h plasma cortisol, dexamethasone suppression test, 24-h plasma luteinizing hormone) were measured. Data indicate that specific anorectic behaviors and attitudes showed significant improvement during inpatient treatment, while attitudes of a more general neurotic scope such as the feeling of insufficiency, general distress, (sexual) anxieties and anancasm did not. On admission 24-h plasma cortisol levels were elevated, episodic secretory spikes occurred at unusual times and the number was increased, cortisol plasma half-life was increased and non-suppression of cortisol secretion following the application of dexamethasone was observed. All these parameters normalized already after 10% weight gain. 24-h plasma LH pattern showed a close relationship with body weight. Our data suggest that the dysfunctions in anorexia nervosa patients in the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal and -gonadal axis have little specificity for this disease and are mainly a consequence of nutritional factors and starvation. The relationship between cortisol and HL-secretion, behavioral and attitudinal variables and weight gain was more complex than previously suggested by others and a positive relationship between the LH secretory pattern and anorectic symptomatology could be established.
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PMID:Behavior, attitude, nutrition and endocrinology in anorexia nervosa. 718 May 63

While anorexia nervosa is typically construed as an acute, dramatic disorder of younger women, long-term follow-up studies indicate that morbidity is chronic or relapsing in 30 percent to 50 percent of cases and sometimes leads to death. In older patients or those with atypical clinical features or obscure complications, chronic starvation may mimic other diseases, and rigid adherence to current diagnostic criteria may impede recognition and appropriate treatment. Anorexia nervosa should be viewed as a spectrum of disorders, with varying courses and presentations, in order that clinicians in nonpsychiatric settings may be equipped to provide adequate care of patients with this complex psychosomatic disease.
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PMID:Chronic anorexia nervosa: medical mimic. 734 55

The authors review data from 12 major outcome studies of anorexia nervosa published in the 15 years since the last review article of Ziolko (1966). Across the 12 studies the mortality rate from self-starvation was 6%. On follow-up, well over half of the subjects continued to have eating difficulties, and close to half showed other signs of psychiatric impairment. In nonsymptomatic areas of adjustment there was a striking contrast between the 90% who were successfully employed and the 54% who made some minimal form of marital or social adjustment. The authors present a series of recommendations about the form and content of future research in the field.
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PMID:Do anorectics get well? Current research and future needs. 746 27

Rats trained on a restricted feeding (RF) schedule of 4 h/day were killed before (starved) and after (fed) the presentation of food to compare hepatic and brain tryptophan metabolism with feeding (FF) controls. The RF rats exhibited greater holo-tryptophan pyrrolase activity in the liver than FF controls. Holoenzyme activity of starved rats was greater than fed animals. Plasma levels of tryptophan higher in the FF rats were comparable in the starved and fed groups of RF rats. Plasma levels of glucose comparable in the FF and RF fed rats were smaller in the starved animals. Brain levels of tryptophan comparable in the RF fed rats and FF controls were smaller in RF starved rats. Brain concentrations of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid comparable in the RF starved rats and FF controls were higher in the RF fed rats. Possible implication of the findings in the pathogenesis of food deprivation/starvation related disease, anorexia nervosa is discussed.
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PMID:Decreases of plasma tryptophan concentrations following restricted feeding do not decrease serotonin and its metabolite in rat brain. 753 Aug 10


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