Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038002 (splenomegaly)
 9,873 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) deficiency caused by mutations in BIRC4 was initially described in patients with X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome (XLP) who had no mutations in SH2D1A. In the initial reports, EBV-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) was the predominant clinical phenotype. Among 25 symptomatic patients diagnosed with XIAP deficiency, we identified 17 patients who initially presented with manifestations other than HLH. These included Crohn-like bowel disease (n=6), severe infectious mononucleosis (n=4), isolated splenomegaly (n=3), uveitis (n=1), periodic fever (n=1), fistulating skin abscesses (n=1) and severe Giardia enteritis (n=1). Subsequent manifestations included celiac-like disease, antibody deficiency, splenomegaly and partial HLH. Screening by flow cytometry identified 14 of 17 patients in our cohort. However, neither genotype nor protein expression nor results from cell death studies were clearly associated with the clinical phenotype. Only mutation analysis can reliably identify affected patients. XIAP deficiency must be considered in a wide range of clinical presentations.
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PMID:X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) deficiency: the spectrum of presenting manifestations beyond hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. 2397 92

Very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD) represents a diagnostic and treatment challenge. Here we present a case of VEO-IBD secondary to a mutation in BIRC4 gene, which encodes X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), in a 17-month-old boy with severe failure to thrive, intractable diarrhea, and hepatosplenomegaly. Endoscopy and histology identified only mild duodenitis and ileitis, but severe pancolitis with crypt abscesses and epithelium apoptosis. Minimal improvement in symptoms was achieved with total parenteral nutrition (TPN), intravenous (IV) corticosteroids, and tacrolimus, whereas induction and maintenance therapy with adalimumab led to complete remission. After 6 months, the patient developed hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and eventually died due to multisystem organ failure. A review of the literature revealed that some patients with VEO-IBD secondary to XIAP deficiency develop symptoms that are refractory to medical and surgical management, while initial reports suggest that allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), with reduced intensity conditioning, can successfully induce long-lasting remission and may even be curative. We propose that in patients with XIAP deficiency a constellation of symptoms including colitis at an early age, severe failure to thrive, and splenomegaly/hepatosplenomegaly can identify a subgroup of patients at high risk of experiencing medically refractory IBD phenotype and increased mortality. Hematopoietic stem cell transplant should be considered early in these high-risk patients, as it may resolve both their intestinal inflammation and a risk of developing life threatening hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis .
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PMID:Risk-factors Associated With Poor Outcomes in VEO-IBD Secondary to XIAP Deficiency: A Case Report and Literature Review. 3123 87