Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038002 (splenomegaly)
 9,873 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Infection with the Friend virus complex (FV) in (B10.A x A/WySn)F1 mice containing the Rfv-3r/s genotype results in several disease manifestations analogous to those seen in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome, predominantly high levels of specific antibody and low levels of infectious virus with eventual retroviral disease-induced death of the host. Other immunologic manifestations of FV infection in this murine host included inhibition of percent total T, T-helper, and T-suppressor/cytotoxic cells of total splenic lymphocytes and phytohemagglutinin-induced response of spleen cells. Interleukin-1 production was not affected but the numbers of splenic B cells were increased by the infection. 3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine (zidovudine, AZT) administered (a) intraperitoneally three times daily for 24 days beginning 4 h after virus inoculation in doses of 60 to 480 mg/kg/day, (b) in drinking water for 22 days beginning 4 h after virus inoculation in doses of 22 to 216 mg/kg/day, or (c) in drinking water for 29 days beginning 6 days after virus inoculation in doses of 22 to 216 mg/kg/day markedly inhibited FV-induced disease. In the mice receiving early-initiated AZT therapy, FV-induced splenomegaly and hematocrit values were inhibited and infectious centers in the spleen and FV titers in the plasma were reduced to below detectable levels at the higher AZT dosage levels. The percent of total T cells in splenic lymphocytes was increased in the infected, AZT-treated mice. In the intraperitoneal experiment, FV disease-induced death was prevented by treatment with all doses of AZT. Neutralizing antibody to FV was significantly reduced in all AZT-treated groups. Toxicologic manifestations of these AZT treatments included splenic enlargement and reduced hematocrit, although all treated, uninfected mice survived the treatments, gained weight, and displayed no significant effects on enumeration of T and B cells.
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PMID:Effects of zidovudine on Friend virus complex infection in Rfv-3r/s genotype-containing mice used as a model for HIV infection. 215 36

T150R1, an 8000-dalton copolymer with sodium ionophore activity, has been shown to modulate cellular responses in multiple systems. In this article, we studied its effects on lymphoid and hematopoietic organs in the context of the adrenal-pituitary axis. When injected in mice as an oil in water emulsion, T150R1 caused a rapid, profound, and dose-dependent thymic involution accompanied by splenic hyperplasia. Time course experiments with a 2.5-mg dose revealed that the thymus size was minimal at Day 2, rose to normal by Day 14, then enlarged and gradually returned to normal by Week 6 postinjection. Thymic involution was due to cellular depletion of the cortical area, whereas thymic enlargement was due to cortical hyperplasia. Splenomegaly was seen as early as Day 4, peaked by Day 14, and gradually returned to normal by Week 6. The splenic enlargement was due to hyperplasia of the red pulp, with evidence of proliferating erythropoietic, myelopoietic, and megakaryopoietic precursors. In addition, the bone marrow was stimulated and extramedullary hematopoiesis was present in the liver. The effects of T150R1 on the thymus appeared to be mediated by corticosteroids while the effects on hematopoiesis were not. Corticosterone and ACTH levels were increased in treated animals. Adrenalectomy diminished the T150R1-induced thymic involution but enhanced the splenic hyperplasia. Hypophysectomy did not prevent thymic involution, suggesting that T150R1 has endocrine stimulatory effects. These data suggest that T150R1 represents a new class of ionophores which may act on excitable cells within the endocrine, immune, and hematopoietic systems.
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PMID:Immunoendocrine modulation and stimulation of hematopoiesis with the ionophore copolymer T150R1. 216 40

A three-month oral subacute toxicity study of mofezolac (N-22), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, was performed using dose levels of 6, 20, 60 and 200 mg/kg in rats, and recovery was also assessed one month after withdrawal. 1. Toxic signs caused by N-22 administration, observed only in the 200 mg/kg group, were as follows: soiling around the mouth and/or nose, piloerection, anemia, diarrhea, emaciation and decreased spontaneous locomotor activity. Nine males and thirteen females in the 200 mg/kg group excreted bloody diarrhea and died of general exhaustion between weeks four and thirteen of study. 2. In the 200 mg/kg group, decrease in food consumption and suppression of body weight gain were noted in males from about week four and in females from about week six after initiation of administration, and increase in water consumption was noted in males from about week seven. 3. Urinary examination revealed a decline in urinary pH in males of the 20 mg/kg and above groups and elevation of urobilinogen levels in males of the 60 and 200 mg/kg groups. 4. Hematological examination showed decreases in erythrocyte count (RBC), hematocrit value (Ht) and hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and increase in reticulocyte rate in both sexes of the 200 mg/kg group and an increase in neutrophil rate in males of the 200 mg/kg group. 5. Biochemical examination demonstrated a decrease in chloride (Cl-) in males receiving the 20 mg/kg or above doses and a decrease in calcium (Ca++) in males of the 60 and 200 mg/kg groups. Moreover, there were decreases in cholinesterase (ChE) activity, total protein (TP) and albumin (Alb) values, as well as increases in blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA) and potassium (K+) in both sexes of the 200 mg/kg group, along with elevations in GOT and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities in females of the 200 mg/kg group. 6. The absolute and/or relative organ weights for liver, kidneys, spleen and adrenals were increased in the 200 mg/kg group. 7. On pathological examination, perforating ulceration in the jejunum and ileum, turbid ascites, adhesion and inflammatory changes in capsules of the abdominal organs, splenomegaly, mesenteric lymph node hyperplasia and inflammatory changes in the thoracic cavity were observed in dead animals of the 200 mg/kg group. Similar pathological changes were observed in a few survival cases of the 200 mg/kg group. 8. After a one month recovery period, the above-mentioned changes had mostly recovered, indicating that they were reversible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Three-month oral subacute toxicity study of mofezolac (N-22) in rats]. 223 86

A case is reported of ganglioneuroblastoma in a 5-year-old boy, who had urticaria syndrome by physical agents (water, light, cold) in the last 2 years, associated with an apparent splenomegaly. A sonography and a CT scan showed a large cystic mass with calcification near the left kidney. After surgery, it was possible to diagnose left adrenal ganglioneuroblastoma (Evans's first stage). Complete regression of urticaria syndrome was obtained after mass removal.
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PMID:Ganglioneuroblastoma and urticaria by physical agents. 236 74

While regulation of intestinal transporters is established for other nutrients, evidence concerning regulation of intestinal vitamin transport is scanty. Hence, we compared intestinal pantothenic acid (PA) uptake in mice fed diets with high, normal and deficient PA levels. PA uptake is distributed along the small intestine, Na(+)-dependent and saturable. Signs of PA deficiency were weight loss or reduced growth, then hair loss and exudation around the eyes, then diarrhea and hindleg paralysis and splenomegaly, and finally death. Treatment of mice with an antibiotic was found to be necessary to elicit severe signs of PA deficiency, probably because mice normally can obtain PA synthesized by intestinal bacteria. Dietary PA levels had no effect on intestinal PA uptake at 5 microM. A small increase in the Vmax of uptake, observed in late-stage deficiency, is probably too small to be physiologically significant. Comparison with published results for other water-soluble vitamins suggests that intestinal transporters may be regulated only for vitamins absorbed predominantly by carrier-mediated transport and subject to natural deficiency states.
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PMID:Do dietary levels of pantothenic acid regulate its intestinal uptake in mice? 262 90

A series of experiments was carried out to assess the levels of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) released by macrophages and monocytes during an acute malarial infection, and to consider the importance of oxidant-induced parasite killing in host protection. Adherent cell populations were removed from the peritoneum and spleen of BALB/c and B10/D2/n mice between Days 0-5 of a Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis infection. These cell populations were quantified, characterized and their ROI-releasing capacity was measured by following ferricytochrome c reduction upon stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Both strains of mice displayed higher numbers of macrophages and macrophage precursors as the infection progressed; this rise was more marked and accompanied by splenomegaly in BALB/c mice. A concurrent decrease in peritoneal cell numbers was observed. Splenic adherent cell populations released much lower levels of ROI than peritoneal macrophages upon triggering. The levels of ROI released from BALB/c splenic adherent cells rose gradually until Day 3, when the parasitaemia was slightly decreased. In contrast, splenic populations from B10 mice had a decreased capacity to release ROI, particularly after Day 3, when the parasitaemia rose sharply. In further studies, electron microscopy was used to detect H2O2 release during the in vitro interaction of peritoneal macrophages and parasitized erythrocytes. Cerium chloride staining techniques demonstrated that H2O production was not dependent on phagocytosis or the presence of immune serum, although levels were increased by the presence of the latter.
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PMID:Oxygen radical release by adherent cell populations during the initial stages of a lethal rodent malarial infection. 300 Sep 27

A study was carried out in Comercinho in south-east Brazil where information relating to socioeconomic factors and water contacts was obtained from 290 (99% of the total) households and 1208 (82% of the total) inhabitants, respectively. Stool examinations and physical examinations were performed on 90% and 82% of the population, respectively. The rates of Schistosoma mansoni infection and splenomegaly were higher in families whose heads were manual workers, in individuals living in houses without piped water and of poor construction, and in those who were born in Comercinho. A total of 1017 (84%) individuals reported water contact; 75% of these contacts were for household activities or bathing and 21% for leisure. The faecal egg counts decreased in persons over 15 years of age, while the degree (intensity) of water contact did not. The mean degree of water contact was higher in individuals without than with piped water in the household (96.8+/-0.6 v. 25.7+/-0.6). The main risk factors for splenomegaly weer no piped water, intense water contact, bathing in streams, and daily contact (odds ratio=7.3, 5.1, 4.5 and 3.6, respectively). These results indicate that the extension of piped water to houses should decrease the incidence of splenomegaly in this endemic area.
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PMID:Water-contact patterns and socioeconomic variables in the epidemiology of schistosomiasis mansoni in an endemic area in Brazil. 310 47

To investigate cardiovascular changes in experimental acromegaly, a growth hormone-secreting tumour (MtT-W-15) was implanted in adult female rats. Somatic and tumour growth occurred steadily during the 8 week study period, as did an increase in serum growth hormone titre. Weight of left ventricle and right ventricle increased directly with tumour growth, both on an absolute basis and when compared with normal rats of equal body weight. Atrial weight also increased substantially. Haematocrit declined sharply at first, and more slowly later with increasing tumour weight. Haemodynamic measurements were made on these animals at two stages of tumour growth using an anaesthetised open-chest preparation. Cardiac index (per g body wt), stroke index, stroke work, left ventricle +dP/dtmax, and dF/dtmax of aortic flow were greatly elevated in rats with the largest tumours (longer duration), and to a lesser extent in those with smaller tumours (shorter duration). Systemic peripheral resistance and heart rate were depressed. Ventricular weight increased non-linearly with increases in cardiac index. Cardiac output, stroke volume, stroke work and dF/dtmax normalised per g left ventricle weight were also elevated. Splenomegaly accompanied tumour growth; however, splenectomy of tumour-bearing animals failed to prevent development of anaemia and cardiomegaly. While a direct effect of elevated growth hormone provides the best explanation for development of cardiomegaly in this model, volume work overloading due to anaemia and water retention may be a contributory cause.
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PMID:Cardiomegaly and haemodynamics in rats with a transplantable growth hormone-secreting tumour. 315 90

The multiexponential behavior of the decay curves obtained in vitro by a Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) sequence from spleens and kidneys of mice is analyzed. The mice were inoculated with the acute lymphocytic P388 leukemic cells and treated with the anticancer drug cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), cis-Pt. Kidneys and spleens of control animals display four relaxation components. The two longest ones were assigned, in the kidneys, in decreasing order of their relaxation time value, to intracellular and extracellular water, respectively. In spleens, the reversed assignment resulted. The two shortest ones are assigned to different tightly bound hydration water compartments, the fastest relaxing one being more greatly influenced by the unobservable crystalline water. No significant systemic effect on the intra- and extracellular water relaxation times could be observed in the kidneys under P388 leukemia inoculation, despite an apparent increase in the intracellular water content. In contrast, drug administration results in the apparent decrease in or even disappearance of the extracellular water component, with an increase in both relaxation time and apparent fraction of the intracellular water. These effects correlate well with changes in the usual nephrotoxicity parameters and are explained in terms of the well-known cell damage in kidneys under cis-platinum administration. A systemic effect under P388 leukemia disease is observed for the spleen, resulting again in the disappearance of the extracellular water component. The latter is related to splenomegaly due to invasion of the organ by leukemic cells during disease development.
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PMID:Analysis by the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill sequence of the influence of P388 leukemia and of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) nephrotoxicity on water compartmentalization in kidneys and spleens of mice. 317 60

Hepatic damage caused by chronic exposure to arsenic has been frequently described. Here we report on 13 patients from West Bengal, India, who consumed large amounts of arsenic in drinking water. An epidemiological investigation of the study area showed evidence of chronic arsenical dermatosis and hepatomegaly in 62 (92.5%) of 67 members of families who drank contaminated water (arsenic level, 0.2-2 mg/l). In contrast, only six (6.25%) of 96 persons from the same area who drank safe water (arsenic level, <0.05 mg/l) had non-specific hepatomegaly, while none had skin lesions. Hepatomegaly occurred in all the 13 patients who were studied in detail, although five had splenomegaly. Biopsy of samples of liver from these patients revealed various degrees of fibrosis and expansion of the portal zone that resembled non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis (NCPF).
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PMID:Chronic arsenic toxicity from drinking tubewell water in rural West Bengal. 326 50


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