Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038002 (splenomegaly)
 9,873 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The ingestion rate and oxygen-dependent metabolic activities of normal human polymorphonuclear leucocytes were measured with heat-killed Klebsiella as the particle. Since the experimental conditions were similar for each measurement, it was possible to make direct correlations between each oxygen-dependent reaction and (1) ingestion rate and (2) the other oxygen-dependent reactions. In the controls, oxygen-uptake was more reliably correlated (r = 0.960) with ingestion rates than with (in order of reliability) hydrogen peroxide produced (r = 0.860) and iodination (r = 0.858 and 0.813 for 100 and 20 micromol/l iodide respectively). Hydrogen peroxide production (r = 0.988), nitroblue tetrazolium reduction (r = 0.969) and cytochrome c reduction (r = 0.862) were more reliably correlated to oxygen-uptake than to ingestion rate, and iodination was better related to hydrogen peroxide production (r = 0.90 and 0.819 for 100 and 20 micromol/l iodide respectively) than to ingestion rate. From these findings it was possible to locate primary defects in abnormal polymorphonuclear leucocytes from individual patients with pyogenic infections, idiopathic refractory anaemia or idiopathic oesteomyelofibrosis with splenomegaly, even when several deficiencies existed.
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PMID:Metabolic activity of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes: relation to ingestion rate. 11 22

Resident peritoneal macrophages from New Zealand Black (NZB) mice release O2- and H2O2 after adherence to a plastic surface without any chemical or particulate stimulant. This phenomenon is age dependent and more pronounced in animals with sever autoimmune disease. Significant differences were observed between the high and low breakage NZB sublines (HB and LB), which were previously developed by selective matings on the basis of chromosome breakage rates. The LB subline differs significantly from the HB subline with respect to autoimmune hemolytic anemia and tumor incidence. When the macrophages were stimulated with the tumor promoter TPA, the number of "responders" was higher in the HB than in the LB subline and correlated with the degree of splenomegaly, that is, with the severity of the disease. A negative response to agonist stimulation and very low spontaneous production of active oxygen species was observed in NZW and Swiss mice, which is the normal finding for resident macrophages according to data from the literature. The increased superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production by macrophages of NZB mice is discussed with respect to autoimmune disease and cancer.
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PMID:Superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production by macrophages of New Zealand black mice. 216 74

The role of splenic leukocyte oxidative activity and macrophage activation in the development of protective immunity was examined during acute Plasmodium chabaudi adami malaria. Splenic leukocyte oxidative activity was compared in infected BALB/c and P/J mice; the latter are known to suffer from defects in macrophage function. Phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated chemiluminescence and superoxide anion production by splenic leukocytes from infected BALB/c mice were found to be increased dramatically, while the response of splenic leukocytes from infected P/J mice was elevated only minimally. Hydrogen peroxide release was slightly increased in splenic leukocytes from infected BALB/c mice but remained essentially unchanged in those from infected P/J mice. Macrophage function was assessed on the basis of measurements of tumoricidal activity. Splenic macrophages from uninfected BALB/c mice displayed significant tumoricidal activity against L929 target cells. As a result of splenomegaly during infection, tumoricidal activity, when calculated on a per-spleen basis, was increased further in infected BALB/c mice. In contrast, the tumoricidal activity of splenic macrophages from P/J mice was minimal, regardless of infection. Despite these differences, both strains of mice developed malarial infections that resolved within 16 days. Thus, while the production of reactive oxygen radicals by splenic leukocytes and the phenomenon of macrophage activation have traditionally been associated with the resolution of malarial infection, this study failed to establish a correlation between these parameters and the development of protective immunity to blood-stage infection with P. chabaudi adami.
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PMID:Reassessment of the role of splenic leukocyte oxidative activity and macrophage activation in expression of immunity to malaria. 255 11

A series of experiments was carried out to assess the levels of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) released by macrophages and monocytes during an acute malarial infection, and to consider the importance of oxidant-induced parasite killing in host protection. Adherent cell populations were removed from the peritoneum and spleen of BALB/c and B10/D2/n mice between Days 0-5 of a Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis infection. These cell populations were quantified, characterized and their ROI-releasing capacity was measured by following ferricytochrome c reduction upon stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Both strains of mice displayed higher numbers of macrophages and macrophage precursors as the infection progressed; this rise was more marked and accompanied by splenomegaly in BALB/c mice. A concurrent decrease in peritoneal cell numbers was observed. Splenic adherent cell populations released much lower levels of ROI than peritoneal macrophages upon triggering. The levels of ROI released from BALB/c splenic adherent cells rose gradually until Day 3, when the parasitaemia was slightly decreased. In contrast, splenic populations from B10 mice had a decreased capacity to release ROI, particularly after Day 3, when the parasitaemia rose sharply. In further studies, electron microscopy was used to detect H2O2 release during the in vitro interaction of peritoneal macrophages and parasitized erythrocytes. Cerium chloride staining techniques demonstrated that H2O production was not dependent on phagocytosis or the presence of immune serum, although levels were increased by the presence of the latter.
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PMID:Oxygen radical release by adherent cell populations during the initial stages of a lethal rodent malarial infection. 300 Sep 27

The commercially available HERBSnSENSEStrade mark Cordyceps (HSCS) belongs to a cultivated strain of Cordyceps sinensis whose immunomodulatory activities has been renowned in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for centuries. The present report is the first that describes its immunomodulatory features through a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. We measured, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells the in vitro effects of HSCS on the gene expression of cytokines and cytokine receptors, cytokine release, and surface expression of cytokine receptors using cDNA expression array, cytometric bead array (CBA), and immunoflorescence staining, respectively, as well as macrophage phagocytosis and monocyte production of H2O2 using flow cytometry. Sixty female BALB/c mice were fed with either HSCS (40 mg/kg/day) or water consecutively for 14 days. Proliferation, cytokine liberation, and CD3/4/8 expression of splenic cells were measured using 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine proliferation ELISA, CBA, and cytometry immunoflorescence staining, respectively. In vitro results demonstrated that HSCS induced the production of interleukin(IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor alphaalpha from PBMC, augmented surface expression of CD25 on lymphocytes, and elevated macrophage phagocytosis and monocyte production of H2O2. In vivo results showed that HSCS did not induce splenomegaly and cytokine overliberation. Our results possibly provide the biochemical basis for future clinical trials.
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PMID:Immunomodulatory activities of HERBSnSENSES Cordyceps -- in vitro and in vivo studies. 1687 1