Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038002 (splenomegaly)
 9,873 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Interferon-beta (GKT-beta) was administered to a patient with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), presumably of acute type, with a marked organ infiltration and increases in serum calcium, LDH and bilirubin. The therapy produced a fall in the number of peripheral blood abnormal lymphocytes, disappearance of jaundice, reduction in the degree of hepatomegaly and splenomegaly and a remarkable improvement of general condition with a performance status of grade 3 improving to grade 1. The response has been maintained for more than seven months. Dose, schedule and criteria for drug discontinuation are matters for further investigation.
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PMID:[A case of adult T-cell leukemia responding to recombinant interferon-beta (GKT-beta)]. 348 33

We investigated the possible role of protein kinase C (PKC) in the progression of Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MuLV)-induced lymphoma in BALB/c mice. Mice injected with Mo-MuLV on the first day after birth developed lymphoma within 1 1/2-3 months. The development of lymphoma was characterized by a gradual increase in the number of spleen cells. However, no analogous changes could be detected in the thymuses of these mice, although cells of both organs were found to be virus producers as early as 3-4 weeks after inoculation. PKC activity, which was assayed in extracts of spleen and thymus cells, declined gradually during the development of lymphoma. Concomitantly with this decline, a progressive appearance of Ca2+/lipid-independent protein kinase activity was observed. TPA treatment of intact cells from normal mice reduced the level of soluble PKC activity, while inducing Ca2+/lipid-independent phosphorylation. By contrast, TPA had no effect on these enzymatic activities in cells derived from leukemic mice. Spleen enlargement caused by injection of a non-leukemogenic inflammatory agent such as mineral oil was ineffective in this respect, suggesting that the PKC-Ca2+/lipid-independent protein kinase modulation is associated with the virally induced leukemogenesis.
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PMID:Modulation of protein kinase C and Ca2+ lipid-independent protein kinase in lymphoma induced by Moloney murine leukemia virus in BALB/c mice. 395 64

A patient had extensive foreign-body granulomatous inflammation of multiple skin sites and of the inguinal lymph nodes with splenomegaly, cutaneous anergy to common skin antigens, and peripheral blood eosinophilia. The patient had an elevated serum angiotensin-converting enzyme level. Histologically, the granulomas were of the foreign-body type with lymphocytes, histiocytes, eosinophils, and giant cells, some that contained doubly refractile crystalline material. Electron-probe x-ray microanalysis identified silicon, magnesium, iron, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, titanium, and chromium in the crystalline material. These findings suggest talc, cement, and inorganic pigment as possible sources of the crystals. This case is reported for its unusual clinical, laboratory, and morphologic features.
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PMID:Widespread foreign-body granulomas and elevated serum angiotensin-converting enzyme. 629 13

A low dose of nitrendipine (a calcium antagonist) ameliorated the percentage incidence and severity of cardiac and renal lesions induced by deoxycorticosterone (DOC) despite maintenance of the systolic blood pressure of the DOC plus nitrendipine group in the hypertensive range. The percentage mortality in the DOC-calcium antagonist group was slightly lower than that in the DOC-vehicle injected group. Nitrendipine did not reduce the DOC-induced renal hypertrophy, cardiomegaly, splenomegaly, or hepatomegaly as reflected in the absolute or relative weights of these organs. The absolute and relative weights of the thymus of the nitrendipine-DOC group did not differ significantly from those of controls although these weights decreased significantly in the group receiving DOC. No changes in relative weights of the adrenal gland were observed. The level of calcium in the serum of groups receiving DOC with or without nitrendipine was reduced significantly as compared to the comparable controls. Nitrendipine at the low dose employed separates at least in part the changes exerted by elevated blood pressure in animals receiving DOC from cardiac and renal lesions.
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PMID:A low dose of a calcium antagonist (nitrendipine) ameliorates cardiac and renal lesions induced by DOC in the rat. 651 May 6

Cadmium was injected sc into female Wistar rats at a dose of 3.0 mg Cd/kg body weight, 4 times a week for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 wk. Concentrations of cadmium in the spleen and pancreas were determined, together with essential metals, by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. Cadmium in both tissues increased even after maximum concentration was attained in the liver. Contents of zinc, calcium, and magnesium in the spleen increased with splenomegaly, while content of iron decreased. Concentrations of calcium, magnesium, and iron decreased in the pancreas, while concentration of zinc showed a transitory increase. Cadmium in the spleen and pancreas supernatants was mostly bound to metallothionein, and metallothionein in the pancreas was highly susceptible to oxidation reaction. The spleen and pancreas were histologically less affected by cadmium loading compared to the liver and kidney, and the pancreas showed only slight alterations after injections for 5 and 6 wk.
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PMID:Accumulation and chemical forms of cadmium and its effect on essential metals in rat spleen and pancreas. 662 Apr 9

The systolic blood pressures of rats that underwent parathyroidectomies and uninephrectomies reached hypertensive levels after implantation of deoxycorticosterone (DOC) pellets and were compared to those in rats with intact parathyroids bearing 20-mg or 50-mg pellets of DOC. Parathyroidectomy, however, ameliorated the incidence and severity of cardiac and renal lesions induced by DOC. The beneficial effect of parathyroidectomy on vascular lesions may well be attributable at least in part to a reduced level of calcium in the serum or to the absence of parathyroid hormone, which is involved directly in the regulation of calcium transport and influx into the cell. Parathyroidectomy significantly reduced the compensatory renal hypertrophy and splenomegaly induced by DOC, although cardiac hypertrophy and hepatomegaly induced by DOC were not affected by parathyroidectomy.
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PMID:Parathyroidectomy ameliorates vascular lesions induced by deoxycorticosterone in the rat. 729 63

C57BL/6Kh mice were infected with a single i.p. injection of 1 x 10(5) FFU of LP-BM5 MuLV. The development and progress of the virus-induced lymphoproliferative disease was followed for 12 weeks after infection. As anticipated, progressive splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy, as well as almost total abrogation of immune responsiveness ensued. In contrast to previous reports, there was a dramatic increase in the frequency of CD4+ cells in spleens among which over 20% expressed V beta 5 TCR, as compared with fewer than 3% in spleens of normal mice. Spleen cells from infected mice retained their in vitro ability to proliferate upon stimulation with IL-2 and anti-CD3, but were unable to respond when stimulated with phorbol ester and either a low dose of IL-2 or calcium ionophore (ionomycin). A similar pattern of in vitro proliferative responses was obtained when normal spleen cells were treated with K252a compound, a known inhibitor of protein kinase C activity. Together with the observations that viral infection impaired down-regulation of the phorbol-induced kinase activity and that the kinase inhibitor only marginally enhanced suppression of virus-infected cells proliferation, this finding suggests that disturbances of protein kinase C activity may underly the pathological effects seen after viral infection. However, since no apparent quantitative and qualitative changes in protein kinase C itself and its translocation were observed, it is more likely that the virus may interfere with either the substrate or product of kinase activity.
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PMID:Acquired immunodeficiency in murine lymphoproliferative disease: considerations on pathogenesis. 808 52

An unusual case of CD4+ helper T-cell lymphocytic leukaemia is reported in a 67-year-old Japanese woman. CD4+ cells showed convoluted nuclei and dense cytoplasmic granules, features usually present in CD8+ large granular lymphocytes and disorders of this particular cell type. Serum did not show antibodies to HTLV-I and HTLV-I proviral DNA integration was not evident by Southern blot analysis or after PCR. A monoclonal rearrangement of the TCR-beta chain gene was evident when hybridization methods were used. The patient died 11 months after diagnosis. No skin involvement, or splenomegaly was evident. Serum LDH levels were markedly elevated but serum calcium levels were within normal limits. The case is discussed and compared to other T-cell lymphoid leukaemias. The heterogeneity in the morphology of CD4+ T cell leukaemias is stressed.
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PMID:Unique T-helper leukaemia with cytoplasmic granules and convoluted nuclei. 809 21

A 64-year-old woman is reported with Stage I (Rai) chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), in whom hypercalcemia developed when an increased proportion of prolymphocytic cells characterized a transformation of CLL in prolymphocytoid leukaemia (CLL/PL). Although hypercalcemia is more frequently found in T-cell leukaemia associated with human T lymphotropic lymphocyte type I, scattered reports indicate that patients with B-CLL can also be affected with this metabolic disturbance. The case described here, progressed with an indolent course of CLL for 26 months, when she was admitted with a very aggressive disease characterized by a high WBC count, splenomegaly and hypercalcemia. Despite an effort to achieve a clinical remission, she failed treatment and death was attributed to unresponsive hypercalcemia. The mechanism of hypercalcemia in such cases is unclear as no parathyroid adenoma or second malignant tumor was found ante mortem. This electrolytic disturbance would appear to be a direct consequence of the transforming leukaemia and a possible mechanism involving a secreted humoral factor that could lead to altered calcium metabolism.
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PMID:B-CLL in PLL transformation associated with hypercalcemia. 816 64

Osteopetrosis, a rare condition caused by a failure of osteoclasts to resorb bone, results in dense and deformed bones, growth failure, anemia, hypoplastic dentition, chronic infection, blindness, and massive splenomegaly. Children with infantile osteopetrosis have disease-related complications that affect nutritional status. Altered calcium and phosphorus intake has been reported in these patients, but previous studies did not include an assessment of dietary adequacy or nutrition-related complications. A prospective study of six children with severe infantile osteopetrosis was conducted to identify specific nutrition-related problems and effective nutrition intervention strategies. Patients were monitored by a registered dietitian while they participated in a clinical research protocol at St Jude Children's Research Hospital. Dietary records for each patient were obtained at set intervals during the 4-month study period. Because most patients lacked adequate dentition, they had difficulty obtaining adequate nutrition through normal oral intake. Three children required nutrition supplementation (enteral feedings for one and oral supplements for two). We conclude that oral and enteral nutrition support can provide nutrients needed for improved growth and response to treatment in patients with osteopetrosis.
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PMID:Managing osteopetrosis in children: a nutrition challenge. 855 44


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