Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038002 (splenomegaly)
 9,873 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 25 year-old primigravid woman developed chronic falciparum malaria at 23 weeks' gestation. Diagnosis was suspected on splenomegaly and haemolytic anaemia but without fever and confirmed by thin smears (Plasmodium falciparum) and serologic tests. She was successfully cured with chloroquine therapy. One week after her return from Cameroon, a 28 year-old woman was seen for malaria at 32 weeks' gestation. In spite of chloroquine therapy, foetal troubles appeared and a caesarean was performed. The newborn had an APGAR coefficient of 3 points and examination both of his blood films and the placenta revealed numerous trophozoites of P. falciparum. Chloroquine resulted in a rapid cure of the child. In endemic areas, parasitaemia is more frequent and dense during pregnancy, and especially in primigravidae. However, clinical symptoms remain rare because of acquired immunity. In case of no or loss of immunity, malarial infections are heavy and abortions are frequent. Congenital malaria is probably due to transplacental transfer of infected red blood cells of the mother. In endemic areas, the incidence is low due to the simultaneously transferred immunity. Emergency treatment is necessary because of life-threatening to both mother and child.
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PMID:[Malaria of the pregnant woman and the newborn]. 181 95

Chloroquine is currently the drug of choice for treatment of acute attacks of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in chloroquine-sensitive areas. In areas of low level resistance, this drug may still be used (25 mg/kg of body weight in three days) in semi-immune patients. In case of failure, or in areas of high level resistance, quinine (25 mg/kg/day for 3 to 5 days) or, in spite of increasing resistance, Fansidar should be prescribed. Mefloquine, Fansimef and Halofantrine ought to be strictly prescribed to delay occurrence of resistance. Severe attacks require quinine by continuous intravenous infusion. Spleen enlargement does not usually require specific treatment unless poor tolerance is observed. Blood transfusions present a considerable risk of HIV transmission. Appropriate malaria treatment may avoid blood transfusions thus preventing HIV dissemination in Africa.
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PMID:[Treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Africa (except cerebral malaria)]. 219 75

Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria and human virus (HIV) infection through blood transfusions used to treat malaria-associated anemia are causes of increasing morbidity and mortality among children in Africa. To evaluate the role of malaria and other risk factors for pediatric anemia, we conducted a study of children brought to the emergency ward of a large urban hospital in Kinshasa, Zaire. A total of 748 children ages six through 59 months were enrolled; 318 (43%) children were anemic (hematocrit < 33%), including 74 (10%) who were severely anemic (hematocrit < 20%). Plasmodium falciparum parasites were detected in 166 children (22%); hematocrits for these children (mean 25.8%) were significantly lower than for aparasitemic children (mean 33.7%; P < 10(-6)). Fever with splenomegaly (odds ratio [OR] = 6.5, P = 0.02), parasitemia (OR = 3.5, P < 0.001), lower socioeconomic status (OR = 2.0, P = 0.004), and malnutrition (OR = 1.8, P = 0.06) were independently associated with anemia in a multivariate model. Recent antimalarial therapy was also associated with a lower hematocrit, suggesting that chloroquine may have aggravated the anemia. A reassessment of the effectiveness of strategies to diagnose and treat malaria and malnutrition is necessary to decrease the high prevalence of anemia and the resultant high rate of blood transfusions in areas endemic for malaria and HIV.
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PMID:Plasmodium falciparum-associated anemia in children at a large urban hospital in Zaire. 847 Jul 74

Investigations were carried out in the villages of Buhari PHC, Surat district, Gujarat to determine factors responsible for high prevalence of P. falciparum. The area is well-known for sugarcane cultivation, industrialization and frequent movement of labourers. The slide positivity rate (44.24%) and P. falciparum infections (95.37%) were significantly high. The children of 5-9 yrs of age group suffered maximum from malaria. The infection in children was found associated with splenomegaly also. High falciparum infection (82.35%) was found in labourers camping near villages out of which 90% afebrile cases were reported which were silent carriers and source of transmission. Chloroquine was effective in 75% cases despite of existence of resistant falciparum strain. Among seven anopheline species encountered, An. culicifacies was predominant and found breeding in most of the breeding sites. The status of the insecticide spray and its receptivity among the community were poor. The investigation led to the conclusion that adequate measures are required to deal with migratory labourers, improper insecticide coverage, poor surveillance and mass ignorance.
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PMID:Epidemiological observations on malaria in villages of Buhari PHC, Surat, Gujarat. 886 60

Malaria is a rare but potentially serious complication of blood transfusion. In this report a transfusion-transmitted malaria case has been presented. A 47-years-old woman admitted to our clinic with the complaints of striking fever with chills, diarrhea and vomiting. She had history of an operation and transfusion before 10 days of admission. On physical examination jaundice, splenomegaly and abdominal tenderness were detected. Laboratory results revealed anemia, and elevated LDH and bilirubin levels. Examination of thin blood films yielded Plasmodium vivax trophozoites. Chloroquine was initiated for therapy and the patient was successfully treated. On the other hand, informations about her blood donor indicated that he had been in the military service in Southeast Anatolia of Turkey where malaria is endemic. All the efforts to reach the donor, for his diagnosis and treatment, were failed. Since our region (Northeast Anatolia) is not an endemic area for malaria and the patient had no travel history to an endemic area, it has been considered that the transmission route of malaria in this case was blood transfusion. In conclusion, as there are no available approved tests for malaria screening of donations, the transfusion-transmitted malaria can only be prevented by careful questioning of the donors.
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PMID:[A transfusion-transmitted malaria case]. 1590 Aug 44

Malaria is endemic in the North of Brazil. However, Hyperreactive Malarious Splenomegaly (HMS) has been rarely described. Splenomegaly in HIV/Aids infection has a large differential diagnosis, but malaria is a cause of gross splenomegaly, regardless of the HIV status. In this paper, we report the case of a 50-year-old man, HIV positive, with massive splenomegaly and multiple malaria infections in the past. He fulfilled the criteria for HMS, received a short course of anti-malarial treatment and weekly quimioprofilatic Chloroquine. In 9 months, he had great clinical and laboratorial improvement confirming the HMS, a rare diagnosis in Brazil.
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PMID:Hyperreactive Malarious Splenomegaly and AIDS: a case report. 2491 28