Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038002 (splenomegaly)
 9,873 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors report 16 cases of cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in previously healthy adults. Constant features included pyrexia lasting 3 to 8 weeks and mononucleosis occurring 2-3 weeks after the onset of fever. Moderate hepatomegaly without jaundice, splenomegaly and morbilliform or petechial rush were observed in 30 to 50 p. 100 of cases. None had pharyngitis. Mild increase in serum transaminase activity (2 to 5 N) was present in 13 of the 16 patients, but increased alkaline phosphatase activity was observed in only 3 of them. Liver biopsy was obtained in 10 patients. Liver lesions were characterised by the association of intra lobular granuloma, abundant mononuclear cells in the sinusoids and hepatic peri-venous inflammation but hepatocellular necrosis was not prominent. Typical intracellular inclusions were not seen, either in hepatocytes or in cells of biliary ducts. The diagnosis was ascertained by positive viremia and or viruria and presence of IgM antibodies. The outcome was favourable although clinical and biological signs lasted for about 8 weeks. The authors conclude that adults with chronic pyrexia, no pharyngitis and sub-clinical hepatitis with mild increases in transaminase activity and histologic mononucleosis hepatitis showing mononuclear infiltrates and granuloma formation are likely to have CMV disease.
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PMID:[Granulomatous hepatitis in cytomegalovirus infection in healthy adults]. 282 62

The effect of proctocolectomy on the primary sclerosing cholangitis that frequently is associated with chronic ulcerative colitis in patients with both conditions is unknown. We have studied prospectively the progression of clinical, biochemical, cholangiographic, and hepatic histologic features in 45 patients with both primary sclerosing cholangitis and chronic ulcerative colitis to compare these variables in the 20 patients who had undergone proctocolectomy with the 25 who had not. The two groups were similar initially with regard to clinical, biochemical, cholangiographic, and hepatic histologic findings. All patients were followed for a minimum of 1 yr and overall duration of follow-up was similar in both groups (4.1 vs. 3.9 yr). Clinically, new onset of hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, esophageal varices, and ascites did not differ in patients with and without proctocolectomy. Biochemically, the serial changes in bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, prothrombin time, and albumin were similar. Histologic progression on liver biopsy did not differ between groups, nor did changes on serial cholangiograms. Proctocolectomy also had no effect on survival. We conclude that proctocolectomy for chronic ulcerative colitis has no beneficial effect on the primary sclerosing cholangitis in patients with both diseases.
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PMID:Effect of proctocolectomy for chronic ulcerative colitis on the natural history of primary sclerosing cholangitis. 291 41

Two cases of large cell lymphoma, B-cell type, primarily involving the red pulp of the spleen rather than the white pulp are described. A number of unusual features suggest that this may be a lymphoma originating from a distinct splenic B-cell lymphocyte whose origin may be the marginal zone of the spleen or the splenic cords. The patients presented with splenomegaly, cytopenias, and no peripheral lymphadenopathy. The gross appearance of the spleens was beefy red without tumor nodules. The tumor cells were primarily in the splenic cords and surrounding residual normal white pulp. There was a minimal hemic phase. The tumor cells had abundant cytoplasm, surface IgM, IgD, kappa, and FC receptors, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, but no alkaline phosphatase or interleukin-2 receptors. They had a similar DNA aneuploidy. The most unusual feature was that tumor cells in both cases had phagocytic properties. These lymphomas may be clinically more indolent than their follicular center counterparts.
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PMID:B lymphocytic lymphoma (large cell) of possible splenic marginal zone origin presenting with prominent splenomegaly and unusual cordal red pulp distribution. 329 36

Adult cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are increasingly diagnosed with hepatic cirrhosis, cholecystitis, and cholelithiasis. A continuing diagnostic problem is the early detection of cirrhosis prior to diffuse liver involvement. Sonography has been used in evaluating the pancreas, gallbladder, liver, and spleen in cystic fibrosis patients. We used a real-time mechanical sector scanner to study the portal veins in adult CF patients randomly selected from our CF population and correlated the portal vein diameters with liver function studies. A measurement greater than 12 mm was interpreted as a probable sign of portal hypertension. Of 21 patients studied, 14 had portal veins that measured greater than 12 mm, and 12 patients had (although not necessarily at the time of the exam) elevated serum alkaline phosphatase levels. Three patients had associated splenomegaly and thrombocytopenia, and 10 patients also exhibited cholelithiasis and abnormal gallbladders on sonography. Initial results indicate that portal vein measurement may be a sensitive indicator of early portal hypertension. Sonography may, thus, isolate patients at high risk for possible future complications. Serial sonograms can be performed easily in evaluating the progress of liver disease.
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PMID:Portal vein measurement by ultrasonography in patients with long-standing cystic fibrosis: preliminary observations. 354 Feb 61

Peliosis hepatis is described in a renal transplant recipient and in a patient who was receiving long-term haemodialysis. This uncommon liver lesion has been reported in a number of patients, including 18 renal transplant recipients and two patients with chronic renal failure. However, its cause, clinical features, natural history and clinical significance remain to be determined. We emphasize that, although it is rare, peliosis hepatis should be considered in long-term haemodialysis and renal transplant patients who exhibit hepatomegaly and/or splenomegaly and/or disordered liver function (in particular, elevation of hepatic alkaline phosphatase levels).
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PMID:Peliosis hepatis in a renal transplant recipient and in a haemodialysis patient. 354 May 50

Inspite of its non-inclusion in the prescribed list of food colors, orange II is extensively employed to color a variety of foodstuffs. Oral LD50 value of orange II in both male and female rats was calculated to be more than 10.56 g/kg body weight. In short-term studies, animals were exposed to diets containing 0.0 (control), 0.1, 0.5 or 3.0% (w/w) of orange II, daily for 90 days. Hematological examination revealed a slight decrease in erythrocyte count and hemoglobin content, whereas leucocyte count, PCV, ESR, MCV, MCH and MCHC showed normal values. There was no change in the activities of LDH, GOT, GPT, alkaline/acid phosphatases and bioconstituents, lactic acid, cholesterol and protein in serum as well as in liver, indicating normal functioning of the liver. Histopathological examination of various body organs such as liver, heart, lung, kidney, testes, adrenal, stomach, large and small intestine presented normal appearance. Animals receiving 3.0% orange II showed marked splenomegaly and deposition of Perl's positive iron pigments. Testicular LDH, hyaluronidase and lactic acid did not reveal any deviation from controls, suggesting normal spermatogenic process. No changes in testicular cholesterol, fructose content of coagulating glands and dorso-lateral prostate, and activities of alkaline phosphatase in seminal vesicle and acid phosphatase in ventral prostate support normal androgenic status.
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PMID:Acute and short-term toxicity studies on orange II. 362 8

Hepatic metabolism is the primary process of elimination of propafenone. It therefore is important to understand the effect of altered liver function on the disposition and elimination kinetics of this drug. Patients with abnormal liver function probably will require treatment with propafenone for cardiac arrhythmias; an understanding of the relationship between liver function and the pharmacokinetics of propafenone will provide a rational basis for optimal dosage adjustments in these individuals. Our results demonstrate that both systemic clearance and bioavailability of propafenone are sensitive to variability in liver function. The bioavailability of propafenone is inversely related to the clearance of indocyanine green (ICG), whereas a direct relationship exists between systemic clearance of propafenone and ICG clearance. Comparisons of clinical parameters with the propafenone data yielded interesting results. An overall clinical grading of severity of liver disease based on the presence or absence of portal hypertension (i.e., varices and/or splenomegaly), prior encephalopathy, and ascites did not correlate well with propafenone results. However, albumin, total bilirubin, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) concentrations and prothrombin time values correlated strongly with the overall results. No definite relationships with subjects' age; weight; and hemoglobin, alkaline phosphatase, lactic acid dehydrogenose, cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, or creatinine levels were detected. These results demonstrate that moderate to severe liver disease significantly affects the absorption and disposition of propafenone. In patients with cirrhosis, and presumably other forms of hepatic dysfunction, careful adjustments of propafenone doses are needed to optimize therapy.
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PMID:Influence of hepatic dysfunction on the pharmacokinetics of propafenone. 369 82

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic nonsuppurative, destructive cholangitis, whose etiology is unknown. Morbidity arises early from pruritus and later from hypercholesterolemia with xanthoma formation. Therapy is supportive and directed at the complications of cholestasis. Plasmapheresis has been reported to benefit patients with hyperlipidemia and PBC; thus a pilot study of plasmapheresis utilizing the Haemonetics Model 30 with replacement by albumin and saline was conducted. Five patients (four female and one male) with a mean age of 43 (range 29-58) and a mean duration of illness of 9.5 years (range 6-21) with marked jaundice, xanthomas, xanthelasma, hepatomegaly, fatigability, anorexia, and pruritus, as well as mild nausea were studied. Peripheral neuropathy was present in two patients. Two patients had splenomegaly. Two patients had an associated Sjogren syndrome. All patients had high serum bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and cholesterol levels and mild elevations in aspartate amino transferase and alanine amino transferase activities. Immune complexes measured in four patients were present. Antimitochondrial antibody titers were significant in all patients. Patients underwent a mean of 63 plasmapheresis procedures over a mean of 112 weeks removing a mean of 94.7 liters of plasma. No serious toxicity was seen. All patients showed a reduction in pruritus, xanthomas, xanthelasmas, and serum cholesterol values. The two patients who had evidence of Sjogren syndrome noted subjective improvement. All patients who had fatigue, anorexia and nausea also noted moderate improvement. There was no change in hepatomegaly or splenomegaly in patients demonstrating such organomegaly. Liver function did not change significantly. Overall, four patients had improvement in their condition and one patient achieved stability.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The clinical effectiveness and safety of chronic plasmapheresis in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. 403 Jul 9

Within a period of 5 consecutive days after the initial observation of illness was made, 7 of 12 Siberian Husky dogs developed clinical signs of Rickettsia rickettsii infection. One dog died and was necropsied. Clinical signs of infection consisted of lethargy, anorexia, ocular and nasal discharges, and neurologic disorder (incoordination and rolling). Scleral blood vessel injection, fever, lymphadenomegaly, splenomegaly, and increased bronchovesicular lung sounds were prominent findings. Clinical laboratory test results identified decreased platelet numbers, variable neutrophil counts, increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, and bilirubinuria. Diagnosis of Rocky Mountain spotted fever was confirmed by serologic evaluation of acute and convalescent sera, using the micro-immunofluorescence technique, and R rickettsii antigen was determined by demonstration of intracellular rickettsial organisms in vascular endothelial cells of brain and lung (stained with carbol-basic fuchsin and aqueous malachite green) and by demonstration of spotted fever-group rickettsiae in tissues by direct fluorescent antibody technique. Near-simultaneous naturally occurring tick-borne infection of 7 dogs with R rickettsii documents an unreported occurrence.
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PMID:Canine Rocky Mountain spotted fever: a kennel epizootic. 406 17

The clinical, pathologic, and immunologic aspects of malignant lymphoma of centrocytic type (ML,cc) were studied at diagnosis and often at relapse in 18 patients. The typical patient was a middle-aged or older man with adenopathy, often massive splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, marrow involvement, and, not infrequently, peripheral blood involvement. Histopathologically, ML,cc had a diffuse or vaguely nodular growth pattern with, predominantly, cells resembling centrocytes (cleaved follicular center cells) sometimes with admixed small round lymphocytes but with virtually no transformed cells. In 2 cases the neoplastic cells formed a mantle zone around reactive-appearing follicles. Cell suspensions and frozen sections revealed the monoclonal B-cell nature of all but 1 nonmarking case, and the polyclonality of the follicles in the 1 mantle zone case tested. The B cells had some, but not all, characteristics of both normal mantle and follicular center cells when eight nodes were studied with the use of a panel of monoclonal antibodies, peanut lectin, and endogenous alkaline phosphatase activity. Of 13 patients who underwent repeat biopsies, 1 developed a high grade unclassifiable B-cell lymphoma, and 6 had less marked changes. None of 7 patients tested had a change in light chain class. In conclusion, ML,cc is a distinct entity separable from other B-cell lymphomas in which either centrocytes or small round lymphocytes predominate.
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PMID:Centrocytic lymphoma: a distinct clinicopathologic and immunologic entity. A multiparameter study of 18 cases at diagnosis and relapse. 641 75


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