Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038002 (splenomegaly)
 9,873 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

(1) Cholinesterase activity was investigated in some human lymphatic organs (palatine tonsil, 'normal' spleen, 'bilharzial' spleen, thymus, lymph node and appendix) using GOMORI'S modification of KOELLE and FRIEDENWALD'S thiocholine iodide method, hydrolyzing acetylthiocholine iodide and butyrylthiocholine iodide. (a) Acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterases seemed to be different enzymes; but when they have the same pattern of activity, the latter generally offers a weaker reaction. (b) All the lymphatic follicles of the tonsil, those found in the cortex of the cervical lymph nodes as well as those present in the appendix, were stainable with both acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase. (c) Acetylcholinesterase activity was not demonstrated in the Malpighian bodies of the 'normal' spleen, but the reaction was strongly present in the blood vessels (including the central arterioles) as well as in the capsule and the different components of the trabecular system. (d) In 'bilharzial' splenomegaly a relatively strong activity started to appear in the Malpighian corpuscles, manifested as a brownish precipitate in their centres. Also some patchy positive areas began to make their appearance in the tissue of the red pulp and had a particular arrangement around the Malpighian corpuscules, in such a way as to 'wall them off' from the tissue of the red pulp. (e) In the thymus no acetylcholinesterase activity was encountered, except in Hassal's corpuscles and in the trabeculae between the thymic lobules. (2) The data obtained in this work were discussed in relation to previous works in other laboratories and it seems that a species difference exists. (3) Cholinesterases may be present in the lymphatic tissue in order to get rid of some potentially toxic esters resulting from the necrobiotic phenomena accompanying the high mitotic activity found especially in the germinal centres of the lymphoid follicles. (4) There are many unanswered questions about the coexistence of the phosphatases and cholinesterases in the same places; their concomitant association in the lymphatic tissue may represent a special case within the framework of a more general mechanism.
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PMID:Cholinesterase activity in some human lymphatic organs. 95 94

Thirty patients suffering from active intestinal S. mansoni infection, were classified into 3 groups. The first group: 13 cases with early active intestinal schistosomiasis without hepatosplenomegaly. The second group: 11 cases with hepatosplenomegaly and the third group: 6 cases with splenomegaly and ascites. Also 10 normal individuals were included as a normal control group. Histopathological examination of rectal mucosa showed hyperaemia with extravasation of blood in early cases and granulomatous lesions in the second group with hepatosplenomegaly. The structural changes were severe in the late ascitic group. In this group the rectal mucosal glands showed distorted irregular tubular branching in addition to the granulomatous and the fibrous reactions. Histochemical studies including periodic acid schiff, alkaline phosphatase and acetyl cholinestrase reactions were done. Using the periodic acid shiff stain, the goblet cells showed strong reaction for neutral mucin in cases of group I (early cases) and group II (late hepatosplenomegalic cases). In group III (late ascitic cases) the goblet cells were faintly stained. A notable difference was observed between the lightly and heavily infected patients of this group. No alkaline phosphatase reactivity could be identified in rectal crypts of patients and controls. Alkaline phosphatase reactivity was sharply localised in S. mansoni egg shell. There was obvious decrease in the acetyl cholinesterase stained nerve fibres in the rectal mucosa of all studied patients. The decrease was more in chronic and heavily infected cases rather than in the acute and lightly infected ones.
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PMID:Histochemical studies on rectal mucosa in active intestinal schistosomiasis. 190 99

A three-month oral subacute toxicity study of mofezolac (N-22), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, was performed using dose levels of 6, 20, 60 and 200 mg/kg in rats, and recovery was also assessed one month after withdrawal. 1. Toxic signs caused by N-22 administration, observed only in the 200 mg/kg group, were as follows: soiling around the mouth and/or nose, piloerection, anemia, diarrhea, emaciation and decreased spontaneous locomotor activity. Nine males and thirteen females in the 200 mg/kg group excreted bloody diarrhea and died of general exhaustion between weeks four and thirteen of study. 2. In the 200 mg/kg group, decrease in food consumption and suppression of body weight gain were noted in males from about week four and in females from about week six after initiation of administration, and increase in water consumption was noted in males from about week seven. 3. Urinary examination revealed a decline in urinary pH in males of the 20 mg/kg and above groups and elevation of urobilinogen levels in males of the 60 and 200 mg/kg groups. 4. Hematological examination showed decreases in erythrocyte count (RBC), hematocrit value (Ht) and hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and increase in reticulocyte rate in both sexes of the 200 mg/kg group and an increase in neutrophil rate in males of the 200 mg/kg group. 5. Biochemical examination demonstrated a decrease in chloride (Cl-) in males receiving the 20 mg/kg or above doses and a decrease in calcium (Ca++) in males of the 60 and 200 mg/kg groups. Moreover, there were decreases in cholinesterase (ChE) activity, total protein (TP) and albumin (Alb) values, as well as increases in blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA) and potassium (K+) in both sexes of the 200 mg/kg group, along with elevations in GOT and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities in females of the 200 mg/kg group. 6. The absolute and/or relative organ weights for liver, kidneys, spleen and adrenals were increased in the 200 mg/kg group. 7. On pathological examination, perforating ulceration in the jejunum and ileum, turbid ascites, adhesion and inflammatory changes in capsules of the abdominal organs, splenomegaly, mesenteric lymph node hyperplasia and inflammatory changes in the thoracic cavity were observed in dead animals of the 200 mg/kg group. Similar pathological changes were observed in a few survival cases of the 200 mg/kg group. 8. After a one month recovery period, the above-mentioned changes had mostly recovered, indicating that they were reversible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Three-month oral subacute toxicity study of mofezolac (N-22) in rats]. 223 86

To examine the pathogenesis of thrombocytopenia associated with liver cirrhosis, the platelet count, spleen size and serum cholinesterase levels were measured together with plasma concentration of beta-thromboglobulin, fibrinopeptide A and serum albumin in 38 patients with histologically proven, severe but stable liver cirrhosis. The spleen size contributed most significantly to thrombocytopenia in this disorder and the serum cholinesterase level also correlated with the platelet count, both in decompensated and compensated liver cirrhosis. Plasma beta-thromboglobulin, serum fibrinopeptide A levels and serum albumin did not correlate with the platelet count. These findings indicate that disseminated intravascular coagulation is not likely to be the cause of thrombocytopenia in liver cirrhosis. Splenomegaly as well as the diminished protein synthetic activity of the liver participates in the pathogenesis of the thrombocytopenia in this disease.
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PMID:Thrombocytopenia in liver cirrhosis. 261 53

A daily dose of 3 x 10(6) or 6 x 10(6) units of alpha-interferon was given during two 4- to 6-month periods to a 65-yr-old male patient with hairy cell leukemia, reducing splenomegaly and decreasing the number of hairy cells. Liver biopsy specimens taken during treatment revealed predominantly decreased hairy cell infiltration in the dilated sinusoids and enlarged or vacuolar nuclei of hepatocytes, compared with those in the liver before treatment. The ultrastructure of hepatocytes in specimens taken during treatment showed cytoplasmic vacuoles, weakly stained glycogen particles, and conspicuously decreased endoplasmic reticulum. Liver tests revealed decreased serum cholinesterase and total cholesterol levels in the early stage of treatment, low levels of total protein and albumin during treatment, and a very low value in the [13C]aminopyrine breath test. No clinical reports have been made on the decreased microsomal function during treatment with interferon. alpha-Interferon damaged the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes, although it was effective for the reduction of hairy cells in the liver of hairy cell leukemia.
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PMID:The effect of alpha-interferon on the liver in a patient with hairy cell leukemia: light and electron microscopic studies. 275 86

Hypersplenism is defined as the association of anemia, leukopenia, or thrombocytopenia with bone marrow hyperplasia and splenomegaly. Hypersplenism is common in liver cirrhosis and frequent in patients with portal hypertension. The effects of portacaval shunt are variable; hypersplenism hardly ever improves but rarely develops after surgery. Since the spleen is a major component of the mononuclear phagocyte system, splenectomy reduces antibody synthesis. Although splenectomy abolishes hypersplenism, it may lead to sepsis. Recently, partial splenic embolization, using gelform injected directly into the splenic artery, has been performed in patients with cirrhosis. Partial splenic embolization induces an increase in the number of circulating blood cells. In addition, the levels of albumin, hepaplastintest, cholesterol and cholinesterase are increased significantly after treatment. Partial splenic embolization rarely causes problems and may actually be beneficial.
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PMID:[Hypersplenism in liver cirrhosis]. 811 16

Plasma myeloperoxidase levels in patients with cirrhosis were compared with those in patients with chronic hepatitis and healthy controls by means of a specific radioimmunoassay for myeloperoxidase. The mean concentration of plasma myeloperoxidase in cirrhotic patients (309.1 +/- 17.2 ng/ml, n = 41) was markedly higher than that in chronic hepatitis patients (222.6 +/- 17.2 ng/ml, n = 21) (p < 0.01) and normal controls (219.5 +/- 5.7 ng/ml, n = 50) (p < 0.01). Plasma myeloperoxidase showed good negative correlations with neutrocyte count (r = -0.32, p < 0.01), thrombocyte count (r = -0.40, p < 0.01), red blood cell count (r = -0.32, p < 0.01), serum albumin (r = -0.35, p < 0.01), and cholinesterase (r = -0.32, p < 0.02) and positive correlations with serum alkaline phosphatase (r = 0.49; p < 0.01) and lactate dehydrogenase (r = 0.31, p < 0.01) in patients with cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis. Among lactate dehydrogenase isozymes, a good positive correlation was seen between plasma myeloperoxidase and lactate dehydrogenase-2 (r = 0.40, p < 0.01) and lactate dehydrogenase-1 (r = 0.03, p < 0.02). Plasma myeloperoxidase was significantly higher in the cirrhotic and chronic hepatitis patients with splenomegaly (341.1 +/- 19.4 ng/ml, n = 31) than in those without splenomegaly (217.4 +/- 12.2 ng/ml, n = 29) (p < 0.01). We also examined the difference between plasma levels of myeloperoxidase in the portal and peripheral blood.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:High plasma concentration of myeloperoxidase in cirrhosis: a possible marker of hypersplenism. 824 62

Chronic liver disease is often accompanied by hypoxaemia. We investigated the clinical factors that were related to the arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) in 40 women, all non-smokers with chronic liver disease. They were positive for hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody and had no evidence of cardiopulmonary disease. Arterial blood was collected from patients at rest (> 15 min) for analysis of blood gases. We determined the correlation between blood gas tension and the clinical variables, i.e. the presence or absence of skin manifestations such as cutaneous spider nevi and palmar erythema, the presence or absence of splenomegaly, vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, V25/body height, serum alanine aminotransferase (AST), serum asparate aminotransferase (ALT), serum cholinesterase, serum gamma-globulin/total protein, excretion of indocyanine green at 15 min (15-min retention rate, ICG level), blood level of ammonia, blood level of endotoxin, plasma level of glucagon and the serum level of type IV collagen-7S. The mean level of PaO2 was 78 +/- 11 (range: 43-95) torr. The mean alveolar-arterial oxygen tension gradient (A-aDO2) was 19 +/- 13 (range: 2-60) torr. Multiple regression analysis used PaO2 and A-aDO2 as objective variables, and the clinical findings as explanatory variables. The explanatory variables that were significantly correlated with blood gas values were ICG level, blood level of endotoxin and presence of skin manifestations. The ICG level showed a high correlation with blood gas values; the ICG level increased, the PaO2 decreased (r = -0.69), while the A-aDO2 showed a high positive correlation (r = +0.78, P < 0.001). Findings suggest that a reduction in hepatic blood flow and hepatocellular function interfere with the inactivation of vasoactive substances such as endotoxin by the liver, leading to the development of skin manifestations, the dilatation of intrapulmonary capillaries and the induction of hypoxaemia.
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PMID:Clinical factors that affect blood gases in non-smoking women with chronic liver disease. 951 26