Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038002 (splenomegaly)
 9,873 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of insecticide-impregnated bed nets on mortality and morbidity from malaria have been investigated during one malaria transmission season in a group of rural Gambian children aged 6 months to 5 years. Sleeping under impregnated nets was associated with an overall reduction in mortality of about 60% in children aged 1-4 years. Mortality was not reduced further by chemoprophylaxis with Maloprim given weekly by village health workers throughout the rainy season. Episodes of fever associated with malaria parasitaemia were reduced by 45% among children who slept under impregnated nets. The addition of chemoprophylaxis provided substantial additional benefit against clinical attacks of malaria; 158 episodes were recorded among 946 children who slept under impregnated nets but who also received chemoprophylaxis. Chemoprophylaxis reduced the prevalence of splenomegaly and parasitaemia at the end of the malaria transmission season by 63% and 83% respectively. Thus, insecticide-impregnated bed nets provided significant protection in children against overall mortality, mortality attributed to malaria, clinical attacks of malaria, and malaria infection. The addition of chemoprophylaxis provided substantial additional protection against clinical attacks of malaria and malaria infection but not against death.
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PMID:A malaria control trial using insecticide-treated bed nets and targeted chemoprophylaxis in a rural area of The Gambia, west Africa. 6. The impact of the interventions on mortality and morbidity from malaria. 821 9

A randomized, double-'blind', placebo-controlled trial of weekly Maloprim (dapsone-pyrimethamine, D-P) for malaria prophylaxis was conducted at Magoda village in north-eastern Tanzania. The effect of D-P on the incidence of clinical malaria, Plasmodium falciparum prevalence and density, splenomegaly, and packed cell volume (PCV) was investigated in a cohort of 249 children (126 receiving D-P and 123 receiving placebo) aged 1-9 years. The case definition of clinical malaria (malaria fever) was measured axillary temperature > or = 37.5 degrees C and/or reported fever, and P. falciparum asexual parasitaemia > or = 5000/microL. Children aged 1-4 years given D-P experienced 1.56 episodes of clinical malaria per year, whereas children on placebo experienced 2.55 episodes (relative rate [RR] = 0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.47, 0.80). Thus, D-P protective efficacy against clinical malaria, in this age group, was 39% (95% CI 20%, 53%; P = 0.0002). The annual incidence of clinical malaria among children aged 5-9 years was 0.16 episodes in the D-P group and 0.26 episodes in those receiving placebo (RR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.26, 1.28; P = 0.17). Increased malaria transmission and drug resistance, during the course of the trial, resulted in a reduction in the protective efficacy of D-P. Overall, D-P was able to reduce parasite densities and splenomegaly. D-P prophylaxis also resulted in an increase in PCV but this effect diminished towards the end of the trial. D-P exerted a suppressive effect on asexual parasitaemia throughout the trial.
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PMID:Maloprim malaria prophylaxis in children living in a holoendemic village in north-eastern Tanzania. 909 33