Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038002 (splenomegaly)
 9,873 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sixty cats with hematologic abnormalities indicative of non-lymphoid hematopoietic neoplasia were classified into two groups, myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myelogenous leukemias (AML), using criteria developed for human patients with similar diseases. Cats with myeloblast counts in bone marrow of less than 30% were classed as MDS and cats with myeloblast counts of 30% or greater were classed as AML. The clinical, laboratory, and postmortem findings in each group were described and compared. Clinical signs of disease were similar in both groups, the most common being inappetance, lethargy, and weakness. Non-regenerative anemia, macrocytosis, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia were frequent hemogram abnormalities in both groups. Diagnostically useful differences in physical and peripheral blood findings were a higher prevalence of splenomegaly and/or hepatomegaly, thrombocytopenia, and severe anemia in the AML group. Circulating myeloblasts were found only in cats in the AML group. Outcome of disease was similar in both groups; 85% of the cats in each group died or were euthanatized within one week of diagnosis. In cats that were necropsied, extramedullary leukemic infiltrates were found in all cats in the AML group and in none of the cats in the MDS group.
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PMID:Non-lymphoid hematopoietic neoplasia in cats: a retrospective study of 60 cases. 282 80

Eight patients with hairy-cell leukaemia (HCL) complicated by pancytopenia were treated with low dose regimens of the adenosine deaminase (ADA) inhibitor 2'-deoxycoformycin (DCF). All patients had significant haematological and clinical improvement. One patient who had been splenectomized and five patients with mild to moderate splenomegaly achieved normal blood counts within 2 months, which have been maintained for up to 18 months. Complete remissions occurred in two patients and four patients had 50-95% marrow clearance of hairy cells. The initial DCF treatments produced a 1-3 g/dl fall in the haemoglobin levels and one patient had a temporary reduction in granulocyte and platelet counts. Five patients had nausea/vomiting, and/or lethargy following DCF, but there was no correlation between the plasma levels of deoxyadenosine and adenosine and the incidence or severity of these side effects. An increased incidence of infection and drug hypersensitivity may reflect the effects of DCF on the immune system. Low dose DCF is a highly effective agent in HCL.
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PMID:The treatment of hairy-cell leukaemia with 2'-deoxycoformycin. 348 71

Of 39 captive whooping cranes (Grus americana), 7 died during a 7-week period (Sept 17 through Nov 4, 1984) at the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, Md. Before their deaths, 4 cranes did not develop clinical signs, whereas the other 3 cranes were lethargic and ataxic, with high aspartate transaminase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and lactic acid dehydrogenase activities, and high uric acid concentrations. Necropsies indicated that the birds had ascites, intestinal mucosal discoloration, fat depletion, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and visceral gout. Microscopically, extensive necrosis and inflammation were seen in many visceral organs; the CNS was not affected. Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus was isolated from specimens of the livers, kidneys, lungs, brains, and intestines of 4 of the 7 birds that died, and EEE virus-neutralizing antibody was detected in 14 (44%) of the 32 surviving birds. Other infectious or toxic agents were not found. Morbidity or mortality was not detected in 240 sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) interspersed among the whooping cranes; however, 13 of the 32 sandhill cranes evaluated had EEE virus-neutralizing antibody. Of the 41 wild birds evaluated in the area, 3 (4%) had EEE virus-neutralizing antibody. Immature Culiseta melanura (the most probable mosquito vector) were found in scattered foci 5 km from the research center.
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PMID:Mortality of captive whooping cranes caused by eastern equine encephalitis virus. 350 15

As the results of treatment in Wilson's disease are so dependent on the stage at which penicillamine therapy is started, the antecedent history in 34 patients with Wilson's disease was analysed with particular respect to the earliest manifestations of the disease. Lethargy and anorexia (70%) jaundice (56%) and abdominal pain (48%) were the commonest symptoms and less common were intellectual deterioration (22%) and recurrent epistaxes (22%). The duration of symptoms before diagnosis ranged from five days to three years (mean 10.5 months) and in only five of the patients was the diagnosis established before referral. Analysis of the physical signs at presentation showed hepatomegaly (81%) and splenomegaly (70%) to be common and the only signs which were significantly more common in the 13 fatal cases were jaundice and ascites. In three of these and in one other patient who survived the clinical course was exceptionally severe and was indistinguishable from fulminant hepatic failure. Based on the severity of abnormality of serum aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin, and prothrombin time on admission a prognostic index was derived which enabled complete separation of fatal and nonfatal cases and when subsequently used in a further nine index cases correctly predicted the outcome. Two further cases found to have indices in the fatal category did well after liver transplantation, which needs to be considered as soon as the diagnosis is established in cases with such severe liver damage.
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PMID:Wilson's disease: clinical presentation and use of prognostic index. 379 21

Within a period of 5 consecutive days after the initial observation of illness was made, 7 of 12 Siberian Husky dogs developed clinical signs of Rickettsia rickettsii infection. One dog died and was necropsied. Clinical signs of infection consisted of lethargy, anorexia, ocular and nasal discharges, and neurologic disorder (incoordination and rolling). Scleral blood vessel injection, fever, lymphadenomegaly, splenomegaly, and increased bronchovesicular lung sounds were prominent findings. Clinical laboratory test results identified decreased platelet numbers, variable neutrophil counts, increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, and bilirubinuria. Diagnosis of Rocky Mountain spotted fever was confirmed by serologic evaluation of acute and convalescent sera, using the micro-immunofluorescence technique, and R rickettsii antigen was determined by demonstration of intracellular rickettsial organisms in vascular endothelial cells of brain and lung (stained with carbol-basic fuchsin and aqueous malachite green) and by demonstration of spotted fever-group rickettsiae in tissues by direct fluorescent antibody technique. Near-simultaneous naturally occurring tick-borne infection of 7 dogs with R rickettsii documents an unreported occurrence.
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PMID:Canine Rocky Mountain spotted fever: a kennel epizootic. 406 17

Acyclovir (ACV) has an ED50 of 0.3 microM against EBV replication in vitro. Based on these and other data we carried out a pilot, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of ACV for treatment of infectious mononucleosis. Only patients with relatively severe illness requiring hospital management were enrolled. Ten subjects with proven infectious mononucleosis received placebo and 10 ACV. The drug was administered intravenously at 8-hourly intervals in a total daily dosage of 1500 mg/m2 for 5 days. Preliminary analyses of the results indicate that the drug interrupted virus excretion in the oropharynx transiently but had no effect on ability to generate lymphocytic lines from peripheral blood. Symptoms and signs unaffected by ACV were splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, lethargy, fever and pharyngitis. There was significantly more rapid regain of weight in the ACV-treated group. On the basis of these results we have instituted an out-patient trial of orally administered ACV in patients with less severe illness earlier in its course. We have also begun in-vitro tests of other drugs that might prove to be effective against Epstein-Barr virus infection, and have shown that 9-1 (1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine (BW759) has an ED50 of 0.05 microM.
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PMID:Acyclovir and Epstein-Barr virus infection. 631 91

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia was diagnosed in 30 dogs. Diagnosis was confirmed by examination of blood smears and bone marrow aspirates. The most common clinical signs were lethargy, anorexia, splenomegaly, and pallor of mucous membranes. Three dogs were not treated, 3 dogs were treated with prednisone, and 3 dogs were treated with cyclophosphamide; survival times in these 9 dogs ranged from 1 to 60 days. Twenty-one dogs were treated with vincristine and prednisone; of these, complete remission was achieved in 4 dogs and partial remission was achieved in 4 dogs, with survival times ranging from 8 to 241 days.
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PMID:Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the dog: a review of 30 cases. 657 48

A 64-year-old man was admitted with complaints of lethargy, malaise, weight loss and transient left-hemiplegia and aphasia. Initial physical and laboratory findings showed splenomegaly and pericardial effusion. During his hospital stay, his mental status deteriorated progressively. The characteristic pathology of malignant reticulosis was noted at autopsy. Microscopic examination of the brain demonstrated accumulations of malignant histiocytic cells confined within small vessels and subsequent multiple hemorrhages and necroses in the gray matter. Malignant reticulosis with antemortem manifestations of pericardial effusion and central nervous system involvement is rare.
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PMID:[A case of malignant reticulosis with pericardial effusion and central nervous system involvement]. 685 69

A cranial mediastinal mass was observed radiographically in two 5-year-old adult male ferrets (Mustela putorius furo), both with histories of chronic episodic vomiting, dyspnea, and lethargy. Malignant lymphoma, a common neoplasm observed in ferrets, was considered the most likely diagnosis. Cardiomegaly and splenomegaly were also present. Histologically both mediastinal masses were composed of thymic epithelial cells and small lymphocytes, establishing a diagnosis of thymoma. Thymoma should now be included in the differential diagnosis of a cranial mediastinal mass in ferrets.
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PMID:Thymoma in two ferrets. 747 72

A 7-year-old spayed Louisiana Catahoula Leopard dog was examined to determine the cause of shifting forelimb lameness, anorexia, and lethargy. The dog was pyrectic and had splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, and nonregenerative anemia. Examination of a bone marrow aspirate revealed hypocellularity with normal maturation of erythroid and granulocytic cell lines; however, approximately half of the cells were large undifferentiated blast cells. These cells were identified as megakaryoblasts, using immunohistochemical techniques to detect reactivity for Factor VIII-related antigen and platelet glycoprotein IIIa. Necropsy revealed diffuse neoplastic involvement of the spleen, liver, lungs, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. Cellular infiltrate was characterized by a mixture of megakaryoblasts and typical megakaryocytes. Megakaryoblastic leukemia (M7) is the designation proposed by the Animal Leukemia Study Group for myeloproliferative neoplasms of megakaryocytic lineage.
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PMID:Megakaryoblastic leukemia in a dog. 760 14


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