Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038002 (splenomegaly)
 9,873 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Interleukin-3 treatment of juvenile rhesus monkeys elicits a dose- and time-dependent syndrome that includes urticaria, palpable lymph nodes, splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, anemia, vomiting, diarrhea, intestinal bleeding, edema, and arthritis, apart from a strong stimulation of hemopoiesis. Arthritis was found to occur significantly more often in animals expressing the major histocompatibility complex alleles B9 and Dr5. Histological analysis revealed an abundance of mast cells in urticaria and, to a lesser extent, in lungs and synovia of arthritic joints. Active osteoclasts were abundant in ribs and arthritic joints. Extramedullary hemopoiesis was encountered in liver, spleen, and kidneys. The spleen showed deposits of hemosiderin, and in the liver, Kupffer cells were loaded with iron, indicating enhanced turnover of hemoglobin. Lymph nodes and bone marrow showed macrophages involved in hemophagocytosis, which probably contributed to the development of anemia and thrombopenia. Biochemical parameters in sera were indicative of parenchymal liver damage, with cholestasis and increased erythrocyte destruction. The side effects were strongly reduced in monkeys subjected to total body irradiation just before interleukin-3 treatment. Histamine antagonists were not significantly effective in preventing side effects, which is explained by the perpetual stimulation of basophilic granulocytes by exogenous interleukin-3. The nature of the side effects indicates that interleukin-3 may be involved in the pathogenesis of acute type hypersensitivity reactions and arthritis.
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PMID:Acute side effects of homologous interleukin-3 in rhesus monkeys. 825 52

A review was made of the clinical characteristics and evolution of all patients over 14 years old with typhoid fever who were treated at the Albert Schweitzer Hospital in Haiti from January 1989 through July 1991. Two hundred and seventeen patients were studied. Their most common symptoms were fever (100%), diarrhea (64.1%), and abdominal pain (51.2%). Splenomegaly and hepatomegaly were rarely noted. Sixty-eight patients (31.3%) were lost to follow-up, 129 (59.4%) were cured, and 20 (9.2%) died. There was a tendency for patients who were ill longer before seeking medical assistance to experience higher mortality. The data also indicate that patients with central nervous system involvement had a less favorable prognosis than other patients. Overall, the high incidence of hospital-reported cases (74 cases per 100,000 inhabitants) shown by these and other data makes it clear that typhoid fever is a highly prevalent infection in rural Haiti. At present, it appears that the only hope for effectively controlling the disease is by educating the population at risk, not only to prevent the disease but also to seek early medical assistance after becoming infected. Typhoid fever patients with a long history of illness before consultation may have a less favorable prognosis than other patients and should be kept under close observation. In addition, any suspected typhoid fever patient with signs of central nervous system involvement should be treated promptly with high-dose steroids, besides receiving an adequate antibiotic regimen.
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PMID:Typhoid fever in rural Haiti. 831 61

The course of naturally acquired infection with feline immunodeficiency virus was monitored in a cat over an 18-month period after diagnosis. The cat was admitted with diarrhea, poor body condition, a bite wound abscess, gingivitis, chronic fever, and splenomegaly. The cat's condition improved after splenectomy and remained stable for approximately 15 months, then began to deteriorate, as gingivitis, polyuria, polydipsia, pyrexia, multiple cutaneous masses, and hind limb paresis developed. The in vitro response of the cat's lymphocytes to mitogens was suppressed, and absolute lymphocyte counts were low. Spinal lymphosarcoma, disseminated mastocytoma, and presumptive diabetes mellitus were diagnosed after euthanasia. Decreased immune surveillance associated with feline immunodeficiency virus-related immunosuppression possibly played a role in the development of neoplastic disease in this cat.
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PMID:Spinal lymphosarcoma and disseminated mastocytoma associated with feline immunodeficiency virus infection in a cat. 839 90

We report on a tourist returning from Thailand, who presented with classical dengue fever. While in Thailand a 36-year-old Swiss female laboratory assistant suddenly developed fever, devastating headache, retro-ocular pain, myalgia and arthralgia, photophobia, nausea and diarrhea. In addition she suffered from epistaxis, urogenital and skin bleeding, and a morbilliform exanthema. After her return to Switzerland we noted lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly, enanthema and laboratory findings of mild hepatitis, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia. The diagnosis of dengue virus infection was verified serologically. Apart from a long lasting convalescent asthenia we observed restitutio ad integrum within days under symptomatic therapy. Epidemiological clinical and diagnostic aspects of dengue virus infection are discussed.
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PMID:[Imported dengue fever following a stay in the tropics]. 842 57

A cross-sectional survey of schistosomiasis was carried out in five villages around the Elziedab irrigation scheme, in the north, and three villages in the Gezira-Managil area in central Sudan. Stools and urine from 53% (2832 individuals) and 72% (3684 individuals) of the population of these villages, respectively, were examined using the modified Kato thick smear for stools and sedimentation for urine. Clinical history and examination were done on 2832 subjects (53%) in Elziedab and on 893 (18%) randomly selected samples in Gezira-Managil. Prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni was 36% in Elziedab and the mean egg count was 150 eggs per gram of faeces (e.p.g.). Prevalence of bloody diarrhoea was 6%, hepatomegaly 6% and splenomegaly 10%. There was a significant association between these parameters and infection in the age group 10-24 years. Prevalence and intensity in Gezira-Managil area were significantly higher than in Elziedab, 52% and 234 e.p.g. Prevalences of bloody stool 29%, hepatomegaly 17% and splenomegaly 15% were also significantly higher than in Elziedab. These parameters were unrelated to the presence of eggs in the stool. Advanced hepatosplenic schistosomiasis is less than 1% in both areas. While S. haematobium was not found in Elziedab, its prevalence varied from 10 to 15% in Gezira-Managil area. In conclusion, S. mansoni is much less prevalent in Elziedab than Gezira, signs and symptoms are much less prominent in Elziedab, and most of the symptoms are unrelated to the presence of eggs in the stool.
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PMID:Infection with Schistosoma mansoni in two different endemic areas: a comparative population-based study in Elziedab and Gezira-Managil irrigation schemes, Sudan. 845 82

We have studied the early pathogenesis of infection by molecular clone 1.9 of SIVsmmPBj14 in pig-tailed and cynomolgus macaques. Like the uncloned PBj14 parent, SIVsmmPBj14-1.9 consistently induced an acute clinical syndrome characterized by behavioral depression, fever, profuse diarrhea, dehydration, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and mucocutaneous exanthema that began at 7 days postinfection (DPI). The acute clinical disease coincided with a marked cell-associated and cell-free viremia, during which SIV p27 was demonstrated in 4 to 68% of circulating mononuclear leukocytes between 4 and 17 DPI. Also characteristic were monocytosis and reductions in CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, as well as CD20+ B lymphocytes. The most profound depletion occurred in the CD44hi subset of CD4+ T cells. Unlike animals infected previously with uncloned or biologically cloned PBj14, however, all SIVsmmPBj14-1.9-infected macaques survived the acute-phase disease to progress to a chronic, largely asymptomatic phase of infection. Recovery from the acute-phase disease correlated with down modulation of virus replication and the appearance of antibodies to SIV Env and Gag proteins. Similar to the PBj14 parent, PBj14-1.9 targeted to intestine, spleen, bone marrow, lymph node, and cerebellum. Saliva contained substantial quantities of infectious virus and no viral antibodies during the early phase of infection. By contrast, saliva from chronically infected animals usually contained antibodies but no virus. This study extends previous work demonstrating that the acute clinical syndrome produced by SIVsmmPBj14 in pig-tailed macaques represents a unique model of lentiviral pathogenesis.
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PMID:Early pathogenesis of disease caused by SIVsmmPBj14 molecular clone 1.9 in macaques. 847 19

Sixty infants in whom clinical symptoms suspected of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection were studied. CMV infection was found in 50% of the subjects. The diagnosis was based on studies of specific antibodies and isolation of the virus from urine and/or throat swabs. In most of the children the examinations were repeated several times, and clinical observations continued for 1 to 42 months (avg. 18 months). IgM-class antibodies were detected in 26 children and in 18 the virus was isolated. In 3 infants, isolation of CMV virus was the only evidence of active infection. Persisting viruria (avg. 11 months) and long-term presence of Ig G antibodies, even to 44th month of life were also observed. Congenital infection was diagnosed in 4 infants; the remaining ones acquired the infection during the perinatal period or later. In 7 cases transfused blood cannot be excluded as the source of infection. The clinical symptoms manifested in infected and non-infected children were similar. There was a statistically significant increase in the occurrence of hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, hyperbiliru-binemia and diarrhoea in infected children. Congenital abnormalities were found in 10 infected children, including 4 cases of congenital cytomegaly.
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PMID:[Congenital and acquired cytomegalovirus infection in infants confirmed by virologic studies]. 852 3

A cohort analysis was performed in Ndombo, Senegal, a community of about 4000, in the epicenter of the schistosomiasis outbreak. Four randomly selected cohorts of +or- 400 subjects were surveyed. Each cohort was examined parasitologically, clinically, and serologically (circulating antigen and antibody profiles); treated with praziquantel 40 mg/kg; and followed up at 6-12 weeks and at 1 and 2 years after treatment. The first cohort numbered 422 individuals, of which 91% had positive egg counts, with a mean egg count of 663 eggs per gram feces (epg). Quantitative egg counts in those aged 10-14 were 1409 epg and then declined to 632 epg in the age group 20-29 and to 266 epg in the age group over 40. In cohorts 2 and 3, examined in the spring and autumn, egg counts were substantially lower, particularly in adults, as compared with cohorts 1 and 4, which were both examined in the summer season. 94% of the subjects were positive in the serum circulating anodic antigen (CAA) ELISA, 83% in the serum CAA ELISA, and 95% in the urine circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) ELISA; CAA in urine was less sensitive, and was negative in half of the urine samples. Positivity rates for all assays increased with rising egg counts, and circulating antigen concentrations in both serum and urine correlated well with egg counts. IgE showed a significant increase with age, while IgG4 peaked in the age groups 10-15 and/or 15-19 years. A strong correlation between IgG, IgGl, and IgG4 against both crude antigens with pretreatment egg load was observed. Of the subjects in the first cohort, 61% reported abdominal pain, 33% diarrhea; only 16% showed mild hepatomegaly and only a few children had mild splenomegaly. In the first cohort, 82% of 298 reexamined subjects were still positive for S. mansoni 12 weeks after treatment with praziquantel 40 mg/kg. One year after treatment, cohort 1 showed mean egg counts in children (5-19 years) at 358 epg as compared with 1188 epg pretreatment.
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PMID:Immuno-epidemiology of Schistosoma mansoni infections in a recently exposed community in Senegal. 853 70

Following the introduction of large-scale irrigation, an exceptional epidemic of intestinal schistosomiasis occurred in northern Senegal when a non-immune population was exposed to massive infection. Subjects infected with Schistosoma mansoni were followed up parasitologically and clinically from the onset of the epidemic. After the initial evaluation, patients received a health education session and were treated with praziquantel in a dose of 30 mg/kg. One year after this treatment, S. mansoni eggs were found in the stools of 227/301 subjects (75%). Twenty-three per cent of subjects excreted > 400 eggs per gram (e.p.g.) and 11% excreted > 1000 e.p.g. of faeces. Overall, the geometric mean was 191 e.p.g. of faeces in infected individuals. The prevalence of diarrhoea was reduced from 55 to 29%, the prevalence of bloody diarrhoea from 44 to 11% and the prevalence of abdominal discomfort from 66 to 41%. No hepatomegaly was found in these patients either before or one year after treatment. Splenomegaly was reduced from 30% (measured by ultrasound) to 3% (on clinical examination). Morbidity associated with S. mansoni infection was considerably reduced one year after treatment with praziquantel (30 mg/kg).
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PMID:Clinical investigation of a population recently infected with Schistosoma mansoni (Richard-Toll, Senegal). 866 83

In an attempt to assess concepts of disease, we questioned 33 Ethiopian Jews (Falashas) in Ethiopia about 13 diseases: 8 western and 5 cultural syndromes (in the Amharic language): birrd (cold), wugat (stabbing chest pain), moygnbagegn (neurologic disorder), mitch (sunstroke), and attent hono kere (retained fetus becoming bone). Disease causation was often attributed to spirits and the sun. None of the interviewees understood the cause of: a) epilepsy, most attributing it to spirits and recommending smelling match smoke as treatment, b) prolonged labor, attributed by most to the evil kole spirit and is managed by traditional birth attendants; and c) abortion, believed to be caused by exposure to sun or cold. Less than 20% linked malaria to mosquitoes. Most correlated splenomegaly with malaria. Hepatitis was believed to be caused by a bird or bat flying around the affected person. Multiple factors were linked to diarrhea, including a journey in the sun. Moygnbagegn is the only condition treated by venisection from brachial veins; wugat is treated by "cupping". Modern medicine was recommended by < 30% of those questioned for epilepsy, splenomegaly, hepatitis, and Ethiopian cultural diseases. It was recommended most for malaria (52%), sexually transmitted diseases (55%), and diarrhea (69%).
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PMID:Traditional beliefs and disease practices of Ethiopian Jews. 875 85


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