Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038002 (splenomegaly)
 9,873 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 12-year-old Thoroughbred mare, with a history of anorexia, dramatic weight loss, fluctuating pyrexia and intermittent diarrhoea after an episode of colic, was presented for examination with depression, emaciation and ataxia. Thoracic and abdominal paracenteses yielded copious quantities of inflammatory exudate. Palpation per rectum revealed an enlarged spleen. The primary alterations in haematology included a severe leucocytosis with a left shift, and a hyperproteinaemia characterised by hypoalbuminaemia and hypergammaglobulinaemia. Post-mortem examination revealed a low grade pleurisy and peritonitis with fluid accumulation in both cavities. A suppurative gastritis with full thickness perforations of the stomach wall associated with Gasterophilus intestinalis larvae had extended to the juxtaposed organ initiating an extensive suppurative splenitis. Streptococcus zooepidemicus was cultured.
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PMID:Suppurative splenitis and peritonitis in a horse after gastric ulceration caused by larvae of Gasterophilus intestinalis. 363 94

Necropsy materials from 57 cases of generalized amyloidosis in rhesus monkeys were reviewed. Clinically, animals with the disease were characterized by cachexia with muscle wasting, recurrent diarrhea, and arthritis. Gross lesions included hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, chronic/active colitis, fibrous strictures of the cecocolic junction, osteoarthritis, and generalized muscle atrophy. Histologic examination revealed minimal to severe deposits of amyloid in the small intestine (100%), spleen (93%), large intestine (67%), liver (40%), lymph nodes (71%), stomach and/or adrenal gland (32%). More amyloid was deposited in the spleen, liver, and small intestine than in other organs. Shigella sp. were isolated from feces in 23% of the cases and 84% had histologic evidence of colitis. Other findings indicated that 100% of the animals had lung mites, 25% had strictures of the cecocolic junction, and 40% had osteoarthritis. Thirty percent of the cases occurred in animals 10 months to 5 years of age, 10% in ages 6 to 10 years, and 60% in animals greater than 10 years old.
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PMID:Generalized amyloidosis in rhesus monkeys. 375 Jul 36

Simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (SAIDS) was transmitted to four of four rhesus macaques with blood from rhesus macaques naturally infected with a type D retrovirus, simian retrovirus-2 (SRV-2). Three of the four blood recipients died with SAIDS at 13, 15, and 26 weeks postinoculation. The fourth animal is alive with SAIDS. All four test monkeys became viremic and produced antiviral antibody. None of the inoculated monkeys produced measureable neutralizing antibody to SRV-2. The survivor produced higher levels of antiviral antibody than the monkeys that died. Phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A reactivity of peripheral blood lymphocytes was depressed from weeks 6 to 12 after inoculation. Clinical findings included development of splenomegaly in all four monkeys, and diarrhea in two monkeys. Blood counts remained within the normal range except for a depression in the number of polymorphonuclear lymphocytes in two monkeys. Hematocrits were decreased in two monkeys just prior to their death. All four test monkeys developed lymph node atrophy and bone marrow hypoplasia. Total proteins and immunoglobulin production were normal. This report provides evidence that SRV-2, as well as other type D retroviruses, causes SAIDS in macaque species.
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PMID:Transmission of simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with a type D retrovirus: immunological aspects. 378 59

During an epidemiological study of visceral leishmaniasis in an endemic region of Brazil, new perspectives emerged on a subclinical form of the disease. A group of 86 children with antibody to Leishmania were identified. None of these children had a history of leishmaniasis. The children were segregated into four groups: One group remained asymptomatic (n = 20), whereas another developed classic kala-azar within weeks of the index serology (n = 15). The remaining 51 patients initially had subclinical disease; 13 (25%) of these patients progressed to classic kala-azar (mean, five months). The others (75%) resolved their illness after a prolonged period (mean, 35 months). The initial illness in the subclinical group was characterized by hepatomegaly, frequent splenomegaly, intermittent cough, diarrhea, and low-grade fever. Malaise and poor weight gain were common. Giemsa-stained smears and cultures of bone marrow aspirates were usually negative for Leishmania in the absence of symptoms of classic kala-azar.
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PMID:New perspectives on a subclinical form of visceral leishmaniasis. 378 64

A spontaneous multifocal subcutaneous fibromatosis is described in 6 pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) with simian acquired immune deficiency syndrome (simian AIDS). The lesions consisted of a proliferation of vascular fibrous tissue that was infiltrated by lymphocytes and plasma cells. One animal also had retroperitoneal fibromatosis, which has also been found in this colony of pig-tailed macaques. Progressive weight loss, diarrhea, lymphadenopathy, and neutropenia were seen. Peripheral lymph nodes were hyperplastic, and there was splenomegaly. Aggregates of lymphocytes were present in the bone marrow, kidneys, liver, and lungs. Type D retrovirus particles were found in three nodules by electron microscopy; intracytoplasmic type A and budding particles were identified in fibroblasts. In a setting of acquired immunodeficiency, these subcutaneous tumors in pig-tailed macaques present a striking analogy to Kaposi's sarcoma in human AIDS.
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PMID:Subcutaneous fibromatosis associated with an acquired immune deficiency syndrome in pig-tailed macaques. 401 42

Investigations of schistosomiasis mansoni in 218 Yemeni agricultural workers in the San Joaquin Valley of California revealed a prevalence of 56%. In those infected, quantitative egg counts performed by the Kato thick smear method revealed that 57% had light infections (1-100 eggs/g), 27% moderate infections (101-400 eggs/g), and 16% heavy infections (greater than 400 eggs/g; mean--918 eggs/g). The Yemeni had been migrating to the USA for the past 20 years, a period in which the prevalence of schistosomiasis had remained constant in the Yemen. The prevalence of schistosomiasis in those who had been away from Yemen for less than 5 years was 59% with a mean egg output of 236 eggs/g, but in those away for more than 5 years (up to 20 years) it was 32% with a mean egg output of 75% eggs/g. This is in spite of the fact that 75% of the latter had returned to Yemen for short visits. Statistical analysis by the Fisher's exact probability test revealed a significantly lower egg output in those away from Yemen more than 5 years. On the basis of these findings the mean life span of the Yemen strain of Schistosoma mansoni in man was estimated to be between 5 and 10 years. The presence of disease was assessed in this population by traditional medical means without prior knowledge of the status of the infection in the individuals examined. Under these circumstances, there were no differences in symptoms such as weakness, diarrhea and abdominal pain among the uninfected proportion of the population, total infected group and a small subgroup of those most heavily infected. None of the patients had hepatomegaly and only two had splenomegaly--one lightly and the other heavily infected. Because of the toxicity of antischistosomal drugs and the lack of treatment facilities only the 22 most heavily infected (greater than 200 eggs/g) of the 122 individuals with schistosomiasis mansoni were treated with niridazole. In addition the two individuals with splenomegaly were treated with antimony dimercaptosuccinate. Side effects, though common, were not severe. Although follow-up in this migrant population was poor the nine patients examined 3 to 7 months after treatment showed a mean decrease in egg output of 97%.
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PMID:Schistosomiasis mansoni in Yemeni in California: duration of infection, presence of disease, therapeutic management. 445 Dec 30

Between January 1976 and December 1978, the Microbiology Department of University College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan, isolated Salmonella typhi from the blood cultures of 93 children aged 0-14 years, who were admitted to the paediatric wards. Clinical case notes were retrieved and reviewed in 64 (68.8%) of them. Fifteen (23%) of the 64 children were less than one year of age while 22 (34%) were under the age of five years. The commonest presenting symptoms were fever, anorexia, diarrhoea and vomiting. A febrile convulsion was the presenting symptom in 13 (20%) of the patients, all of whom were under the age of five years. Hepatomegaly was almost twice as frequently observed as splenomegaly. Intestinal perforation was present in five of the patients. There was a high proportion of SS children who presented with fever, pallor, jaundice, generalized aches and pains and other clinical features of sickle cell disease and it is possible that such children are specially susceptible to typhoid fever. A clinical diagnosis of typhoid fever on admission was made in only 14 of the 64 children. Reasons are given for the low index of suspicion and it is suggested that any child with unremitting fever after adequate anti-malarial chemotherapy should be treated for enteric fever.
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PMID:Problems in the clinical diagnosis of typhoid fever in children in the tropics. 618 69

Two methods for purifying the virus of hemorrhagic enteritis from infected turkey spleens are described. One procedure utilized precipitation with polyethylene glycol, and the other consisted of trichlorotrifluoroethane extraction. Both procedures included sucrose-cesium chloride gradient centrifugation in the final purification step. The buoyant density of the viral fraction was 1.34 g/cm3, typical for adenoviral particles, and the size and morphologic characteristics of the virions observed by transmission electron microscopy suggested that the purified virus belongs to the family Adenoviridae. The biologic activity of the purified virus was titrated by inoculating 10-fold dilutions of the viral suspension into turkey poults. Mortality and hemorrhagic diarrhea proved to be inconsistent parameters of infection, and the degree of splenomegaly was proportional to the virus dose. The body/spleen ratio was the parameter selected for measuring viral activity, and the body/spleen ratio 50% was adopted as the unit for the titration of the virus. By using the same system it was demonstrated that the infectivity of the virus could be neutralized with antiserum produced in turkeys.
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PMID:Hemorrhagic enteritis in turkeys: purification and quantification of the virus. 630 91

A syndrome of acquired immunodeficiency has been identified in a group of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) which died at the California Primate Research Center. Clinical evaluation of these animals revealed that 50% or more had lymphadenopathy, weight loss, and diarrhea. At least 30% had splenomegaly, fever, cutaneous abscesses and/or arthritis/myositis. Two animals had fibrosarcomas. Anemia was seen in 19 animals, lymphopenia in 14, granulocytopenia in four and thrombocytopenia in three. Hepatitis was diagnosed histopathologically in 13. Electrophoresis revealed hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia and hypogammaglobulinemia. Numerous bacterial, protozoal, and viral agents were identified including cytomegalovirus and leukocyte-associated herpesvirus. Pathologic lesions included severe post-reactive depletion of lymphocytes in germinal centers and paracortical regions of lymph nodes. Clinical and pathologic changes indicate an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome which has some similarities to AIDS in humans. This disease in monkeys may provide a model for studying that disease.
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PMID:Clinical features of simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (SAIDS) in rhesus monkeys. 632 13

The pathological effects of betel-nut meal consumption in weaned albino rats were studied for a period of 4 weeks. In higher concentrations (60-100%), toxic effects were observed. The rats showed severe diarrhoea and died within 1-3 weeks depending upon the amount of betel-nut meal consumed. In lower concentrations (5-10%), no grossly detectable pathological changes were observed in any one of the experimental rats. With the increase in the concentration of betel-nut meal in the experimental diets, the pathological changes were intensified gradually. The pathological changes observed in the rats fed with experimental diets containing more than 15% betel-nut meal were necrosis of the buccal and intestinal mucosa, splenomegaly, fatty changes in the liver and stunted skeletal growth. Catarrhal enteritis was observed in the rats fed with 15% betel-nut meal and haemorrhagic gastroenteritis was observed when the concentration of the betel-nut meal was raised above 15%.
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PMID:Studies on the pathological effects of feeding betel-nut meal in albino rats. 663 69


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