Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038002 (splenomegaly)
 9,873 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors report on 16 cases of either subacute (SMML) or chronic (CMML) myelomonocytic leukemia as well as chronic monocytic leukemia (CMoL). All these cases were oligoblastic and, according to their clinical course, they could be termed as smouldering leukemias. The chronic types affected mainly males. The diagnostic cytomorphological and cytochemical criteria are discussed. Erythro- and thrombocytopoiesis were distinctly less impaired than in acute leukemias (AL). The leucocyte count in the peripheral blood of the SMML cases was within the normal range. Hepato- and splenomegaly were markedly increased as compared to AL. According to our materials leukemic skin infiltrations were less frequent in CMoL, CMML and SMML than in acute monocytic leukemias. In each of the three types of leukemia discussed monocytic leukemic cells could be readily identified by cytochemical tests and usually showed fairly normal maturation. In accordance with these observations lysozyme levels in urine and serum usually were strongly increased. The patients in the CMML and CMoL groups showed a mean survival of more than 13 months (2 out of 7 are still alive), whereas the SMML patients survived an average of 8 months. Deaths were frequently due to advanced age rather than to leukemia. In other cases a terminal accumulation of blasts marked a transition to acute leukemia. During the smouldering phase of the disease no beneficial effect of combined chemotherapy could be noted. Supportive and symptomatic therapy might improve length and quality of survival.
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PMID:[Subacute and chronic monocytic leukemia: diagnostic and clinical problems]. 29 89

Foam cells in the spleen, bone marrow, liver and lymph nodes were examined on the 73 reliably recorded and sampled leukemia autopsy cases encountered at Kobe University from 1958 to 1972. Although the substances stored in the foam cells were biochemically unknown, the foam cells in leukemia could be morphologically classified into two types: The one was identified with the Gaucher type, but the other was not identified with the sea-blue type and might be considered as to be the transitional type described in another report. Foam cells could be found in the spleen of 6 out of 12 cases of chronic myeloid leukemia, one out of 2 cases of chronic lymphatic leukemia, one out of 7 cases of leukemic lymphosarcoma, one out of 9 cases of acute lymphatic leukemia, and none in 3 cases of monocytic leukemia. In acute myeloid leukemia, the incidence of foam cells in the spleen was 47.5% in 40 cases, and acquired lipidoses were more frequently seen in cases under 19 years of age, in male cases, in cases with an enlarged spleen over 400 g, and in cases of over 4 months' duration.
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PMID:Secondary lipidosis in leukemia. 99 40

The authors discuss diagnostic difficulties that may occur in the interpretation of splenomegaly. In some cases, other tumorous formations, palpable in the left hypochondrium (renal tumor and retroperitoneal fibroma in cases demonstrated) may be taken for splenomegaly. In other cases, diagnostic difficulties may be related to establishing the cause of genuine splenomegaly. Out of 10 patients with genuine splenomegaly, the cause of which could not be ascertained at the prehospital stage, the enlargement of the spleen in 2 was due to liver cirrhosis, in 3, to subleukemic myelosis, in 1, to splenic tuberculosis, in 2, to multiple capillary angiomas of the spleen, in 1, to chronic monocytic leukemia, and in 1 patient, to splenic echinococcosis. In 3 patients out of the 10, the diagnosis was verified by surgery followed by histological examination of the spleen. The conclusion is made about the necessity of the use of clinical and laboratory examinations, of patients with obscure "splenomegaly" together with the use of x-ray and ultrasonography of the spleen, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, puncture of the bone marrow and spleen. In some cases, splenectomy may be performed along with histological examination of the spleen as the final stage of differential diagnosis of splenomegalies.
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PMID:[Difficulties in the differential diagnosis of splenomegaly]. 204 7

On clinical examination, a six-year-old Hassian gray gelding with a history of impaired performance, slight cough, colic, and edema of the ventral abdomen, prepuce and the legs had reduced skin turgor, pale mucous membranes, forced costoabdominal breathing, reduced venous return, enlarged lymph nodes, and splenomegaly. Hematologic findings revealed anemia, leukocytosis and a high percentage of monocytoid leukemic cells. Generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, ascites, hydrothorax, and a diffusely thickened gut wall were found at necropsy. Massive infiltration with monocytoid leukemic cells was detected in lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, liver, gut wall, kidneys, and choroid plexus. Incubation of living cells obtained from a leukocyte concentrate with latex particles revealed phagocytosis in the leukemic cells on light and electron microscopy. The leukemic cells also had a marked alpha-naphthyl-acetate and naphthol-AS-acetate esterase activity, but were only weakly positive to naphthol-AS-D-chloroacetate esterase. A very weak alkaline phosphatase activity only was demonstrated in a few leukemic cells. On scanning electron microscopy, the leukemic cells had prominent ruffles and ridge-like profiles. These features of the leukemic cells excluded lymphocytic and granulocytic leukemia, and monocytic leukemia was diagnosed.
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PMID:Monocytic leukemia in a horse. 658 70

Clinical, hematologic, and histologic material from five patients with chronic monocytic leukemia is analyzed, and the literature is reviewed on 28 patients either reported as having this disease or referenced as such in subsequent publications. Patients with chronic monocytic leukemia have a characteristic clinical course. All have splenomegaly of uncertain etiology, and initial hematologic evaluation usually shows anemia with normal leukocyte and differential counts. One of the authors' patients had slight monocytosis at presentation. In the four patients for whom presplenectomy bone marrow smears were available for review, there was no detectable increase in the number of monocytes. The patients developed monocytosis, usually with accompanying leukocytosis, at intervals ranging from 3.5 to 24 months after splenectomy. In all patients, there was a corresponding increase in the numbers of mature monocytes in the bone marrow. Survival times from the detection of monocytosis ranged from five to eight months. Of the 28 cases reported in the literature, only two were considered by the authors of this study to have the characteristics of chronic monocytic leukemia, and of these, only one had features identical to those reported in the present series. The remainder represent a variety of hematologic disorders including chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, acute leukemia, histiomonocytic proliferations that cannot be sub-classified, and cases in which the data are insufficient for analysis. The differential diagnosis includes chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, chronic malignant histiocytosis, and hairy cell leukemia. In chronic monocytic leukemia, in contrast to hairy cell leukemia, splenectomy does not appear to be beneficial. Although chronic monocytic leukemia is an extremely rare disease, it is a distinct hematologic entity that appears to have a characteristic clinical course.
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PMID:Chronic monocytic leukemia in adults. 694 97

We describe a case of T gamma lymphoproliferative disease (T gamma LPD) which presented in an uncustomary acute onset in an adult with massive splenomegaly. Morphologically the cells represented monocytic leukemia. Karyotyping and equivocol special stain results suggested hairy cell leukemia. Gene rearrangement indicated a T lymphocytic malignancy. Immunocytochemistry stains were not definitive. Immunophenotyping by flow cytometry defined the cells as consistent with T gamma LPD (CD45+, CD56+, CD2+, CD3+, CD11b+, and CD38+; some cells CD8+; and CD57-). Although the cells did not have spontaneous activity, which is often the situation for most cases of T gamma LPD, the cells could be partially induced with exogenous interleukin 2 to exhibit in vitro cytotoxicity against a natural killer lymphocyte-susceptible target cell line (K562) but not a lymphocyte-activated killer target cell line (HEPG2). This report hopefully continues to increase the awareness of T gamma LPD as well as demonstrates an unusual acute form which could have been misdiagnosed unless a multidisciplinary approach, especially including flow cytometric immunophenotyping, was used to evaluate the patient.
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PMID:An acute form of T gamma lymphoproliferative disease presenting with massive splenomegaly--importance of immunophenotyping for diagnosis. 851 86