Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0038002 (splenomegaly)
 9,873 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To establish the indications for splenectomy in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection we retrospectively analyzed 12 patients who underwent splenectomy. Patients with HIV infection who had immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) were excluded as they had no splenomegaly and a definite indication for splenectomy exists in some of these patients. All 12 patients were anemic; 6 were thrombocytopenic and 6 leukopenic. All patients had splenomegaly and all were febrile. At surgery 3 patients were found to have Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAI) infection; 2 had splenic abscess due to Salmonella group D; 1 each had cytomegalovirus (CMV) splenitis and localized Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) of the spleen. No definite histopathologic diagnosis could be made in five patients, all of whom had evidence of extramedullary hematopoiesis. The degree of splenic enlargement did not correlate with the outcome. Both clinical and hematologic improvements were achieved in patients with splenic abscess and in patients who had splenomegaly, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. The presence of either of these findings constitutes an indication for splenectomy. Anemia and/or leukopenia without thrombocytopenia failed to improve; the presence of MAI and active CMV infection also resulted in failure. The presence of either of these conditions may be considered a contraindication to splenectomy.
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PMID:Splenectomy in patients with AIDS. 281 11

A 12-year-old Thoroughbred mare, with a history of anorexia, dramatic weight loss, fluctuating pyrexia and intermittent diarrhoea after an episode of colic, was presented for examination with depression, emaciation and ataxia. Thoracic and abdominal paracenteses yielded copious quantities of inflammatory exudate. Palpation per rectum revealed an enlarged spleen. The primary alterations in haematology included a severe leucocytosis with a left shift, and a hyperproteinaemia characterised by hypoalbuminaemia and hypergammaglobulinaemia. Post-mortem examination revealed a low grade pleurisy and peritonitis with fluid accumulation in both cavities. A suppurative gastritis with full thickness perforations of the stomach wall associated with Gasterophilus intestinalis larvae had extended to the juxtaposed organ initiating an extensive suppurative splenitis. Streptococcus zooepidemicus was cultured.
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PMID:Suppurative splenitis and peritonitis in a horse after gastric ulceration caused by larvae of Gasterophilus intestinalis. 363 94

Recently, it has been suggested that there is an immunological mechanism in the etiology of idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH) and that the spleen plays a very important role. In the present study, the extract of human IPH spleen with Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) was injected into rabbits, which were then examined both immunologically and pathologically. The results of the study are summarized as follows: Portal venous pressure was significantly increased in rabbits sensitized for more than one hundred days. Portal venous pressure of 175 mm H2O or more was observed in approximately 80% of the animals. Splenomegaly of 3.0 g or more was noted in all sensitized rabbits. Maximum spleen weight was 8.0 g. Peripheral blood cell counts decreased as the duration of sensitization increased. In immunological examination, smooth muscle antibodies, anti-DNA antibodies and antimitochondrial antibodies, were noted in some rabbits. In histological examination, the livers of sensitized rabbits in the early stage showed the infiltration of small round cells and fibrosis into Glisson's capsule. These changes were found to increase in later stages. In some rabbits, fibrosis around the interlobular bile duct was observed. The spleens of sensitized rabbits in the early stage showed splenitis with infiltration of small round cells and plasma cells. Sinus hyperplasia and fibrosis in the red and white pulp increased progressively as the period of sensitization lengthened. These results are similar in many respects to the clinical and pathological features of IPH. Thus, it is strongly suggested that the immunological mechanism may affect the pathogenesis of IPH in human.
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PMID:[Experimental studies on idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH)--prolonged sensitization of rabbits with human spleen of IPH]. 378 35

This study describes the morphological and immunocytochemical aspects of the spleen in rabbits with experimentally induced chronic serum sickness. Thirty-seven rabbits were immunized with daily injections of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and six served as non-immunized controls. The most significant lesions were found in rabbits with chronic serum sickness induced by high doses of BSA. The spleens were increased in size and in weight. Granular deposits of BSA, rabbit IgG and C3, presumably immune complexes (IC), were found in the basement membranes of the venous sinuses and of the capillaries in the marginal zone, in the walls of splenic arterioles and, occasionally, between the macrophages in the splenic cords and lymphoid cells in lymphatic follicles. An increased number of degranulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes, macrophages and giant cells, degenerative changes of dendritic cells and, in some instances, splenic fibrosis were also seen. These splenic lesions developed when the concentration of BSA-antibodies in the sera decreased. The spleens of rabbits receiving high doses of BSA in a stage between acute and chronic serum sickness were also increased in size and in weight. The red pulp was enlarged, and immune deposits were observed within macrophages but not in splenic structures. The spleens of non-responder rabbits had a slight decrease in number of lymphatic follicles and germinal centers only. The spleens of non-immunized rabbits were consistently normal. The results indicate that in rabbits receiving multiple injections of high doses of BSA, chronic serum sickness is associated with splenomegaly and IC-splenitis and that these lesions occur when the level of circulating BSA antibody declines. IC-splenitis could impair the clearance of IC and influence the immune function of the spleen. These findings could have implications in the pathogenesis of splenomegaly and of defective splenic function in human IC-mediated diseases.
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PMID:Splenomegaly and immune complex splenitis in rabbits with experimentally induced chronic serum sickness: immunopathological findings. 636 Dec 54

Toxoplasmosis was diagnosed in a free-ranging wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) from West Virginia (USA) in June 1993. Gross findings included emaciation, splenomegaly, multifocal necrotizing hepatitis and splenitis, and crusting dermatitis on the head and neck. Histologically, multifocal necrosis with mononuclear inflammation was present in kidney, liver, spleen, heart, lungs, and pancreas. Toxoplasma gondii was confirmed in sections of liver by avidin-biotin immunohistochemical analysis. Subsequently, a retrospective serosurvey of wild turkeys for T. gondii antibodies was conducted using turkey sera collected between 1984 and 1989. An antibody prevalence of 10% was detected in 130 birds from 21 locations in the southeastern United States. While wild turkeys in the Southeast have T. gondii antibodies, this is only the second natural case of fatal toxoplasmosis reported; it appears that wild turkeys infrequently develop clinical disease when infected with T. gondii.
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PMID:Toxoplasmosis in wild turkeys: a case report and serologic survey. 858 48

Serial changes in splenic volume of 25 patients (18 men and seven women; 53.4 +/- 20.8 years old, range 25-83) with acute pancreatitis who underwent CT examinations were retrospectively studied. Abdominal CT was performed within 3 days after the onset and there was at least one follow-up CT examination after this time. The percentage changes of splenic volume in the first (4-30 days) and second (31-100 days) follow-up CT were calculated. Splenic volume increased in the first follow-up CT (mean +/- SD: 197.8 +/- 121.0 cm3) compared with the initial CT (124.8 +/- 70.0; p < 0.0001), and then decreased in the second follow-up CT (179.7 +/- 100.7; p < 0.002). The average splenic volume increased 65.5 +/- 88.7% (range -10.4-377.4%) between the initial and first follow-up CT examinations. Five of 25 cases (20%) in whom size of spleen increased more than twice had severe acute pancreatitis (p < 0.05), complicated pseudocyst requiring surgical drainage (p < 0.05), pleural effusion (p < 0.01), splenic vein thrombosis or compression (p < 0.05) and longer hospital stay (p < 0.02) compared with patients with a smaller increase in splenic volume. In conclusion, transient splenomegaly was commonly seen in acute pancreatitis, especially in severe or complicated cases. Congestive splenomegaly caused by obstruction or stenosis of the splenic vein and non-specified acute splenitis were suspected of contributing to the transient splenomegaly.
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PMID:Transient splenomegaly in acute pancreatitis. 1062 19

Clinical information was available for 32 of 33 New World primates with fatal toxoplasmosis, all of which were subjected to a variable number of pathological observations. Death without apparent clinical signs occurred in 43.7% of cases. The most common clinical findings were malaise (40.6%), dyspnoea (18.7%), hypothermia (15.6%) and a sero-sanguinous or foamy nasal discharge (12.5%). Nutritional status was good in 71.8%, average in 18.7% and poor in 9.4%. The most common post-mortem findings were pulmonary congestion (78.8%), pulmonary oedema (75.8%), splenomegaly (57.6%) and mesenteric lymphadenitis (54.6%). The most common histopathological findings were multifocal necrotic hepatitis (97%), lymphadenitis (95.4%), interstitial pneumonia (90.3%) and necrotic splenitis (71.4%). The gross post-mortem changes in cebids were more variable than those observed in callitrichids, a fact that may complicate the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in cebids.
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PMID:Pathology of toxoplasmosis in captive new world primates. 1292 26

Cases of disseminated Mycobacterium avium infections in dogs are rare because it appears that the species is innately resistant to infection. A 2-year-old, castrated, 5 kg Shih Tzu-Poodle-cross developed anemia, abdominal pain, lethargy, and splenomegaly. Histological examination of surgically removed spleen indicated marked granulomatous splenitis with myriad intracytoplasmic acid-fast bacterial rods. Ultrastructural examination revealed the presence of 3-4-microm-long mycobacteria in phagolysosomes of epithelioid macrophages. Tissue extract of lightly fixed spleen was positive for M. avium 16S ribosomal RNA and negative for M. tuberculosis complex IS6110 DNA by polymerase chain reaction testing. Anemia was associated with the presence of mycobacteria-infected macrophages in bone marrow. The animal's condition deteriorated, and euthanasia was performed after a clinical course of 2 months. The principal morphological findings at necropsy were severe diffuse granulomatous hepatitis, enteric lymphadenomegaly, and segmental granulomatous enteritis with intralesional mycobacteria present. Mycobacterium avium was cultured from enteric lymph nodes sampled at necropsy. The source of infection was not established but was presumed to be environmental with an enteric portal of entry.
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PMID:Fatal mycobacteriosis with hepatosplenomegaly in a young dog due to Mycobacterium avium. 1582 7

Angiogenesis is a prominent feature in rheumatoid arthritis. 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2) inhibits endothelial cell proliferation, and angiogenesis in vivo. We evaluated the effect of 2ME2 in rats with adjuvant arthritis (AA), an autoimmune T-cell-dependent polyarticular arthritis induced by immunization with Mycobacterium organisms. Rats were immunized with Mycobacterium butyricum and arthritis was assessed clinically, by radiolabeled blood neutrophil (PMNL) migration to joints and by histology. Treatment with 2ME2 (30 mg/kg/d or 100 mg/kg/d) from day 6 post-immunization inhibited arthritis severity on day 14 (vehicle clinical score=11.2; 2ME2 groups=7-8, p<0.05). When treatment was delayed until signs of clinical arthritis on day 10 post-immunization, 2ME2 treatment still inhibited arthritis severity. PMNL migration to the joints was significantly inhibited (by 35-40%; p<0.01) by early 2ME2 treatment (day 6-14). Treatment with 2ME2 inhibited PMNL migration to dermal inflammation induced by TNF-alpha but not by LPS or C5a. Joint histology revealed decrease in leukocyte infiltration and especially in cartilage damage. However, synovial vascularity was not affected by 2ME2 treatment. The marked splenomegaly, splenitis and lymphoid hyperplasia associated with AA were prevented by 2ME2 therapy. Furthermore, the ex vivo proliferative response to mycobacterial antigen (PPD) of lymphocytes from 2ME2-treated rats with AA was markedly diminished, although response to mitogens was unaffected. Thus 2ME2 has anti-arthritic properties with a disease-modifying action, separate from its anti-angiogenic properties. The selective inhibition of TNF-alpha-induced leukocyte recruitment, lymphoid hyperplasia and attenuated recall response to antigen suggests both immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory actions of 2ME2.
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PMID:Modulation of adjuvant arthritis in the rat by 2-methoxyestradiol: an effect independent of an anti-angiogenic action. 1838 13

The Indirect Fluorescence Assay (IFA) and the indirect ELISA were comparatively used to detect IgG and IgM antibodies for Toxoplasma gondii in experimentally and naturally infected primates. In the experimentally infected group, antibodies of diagnostic value were detected at day 9 post-infection (PI) with the IFA (IgG and IgM) and with IgG-ELISA. IgM-ELISA detected antibodies for T. gondii starting at day 3 PI until the end of the experiment (102 days PI). Of the 209 naturally infected sera tested, from many zoos of State of Sao Paulo, 64.59 and 67.94% were positive in the IgG-IFA test and IgG-ELISA respectively. IgM-ELISA test detected seropositivity in 52.63% of the sera although IgM-IFA test detected it in only in 0.96% of the samples. The differential toxoplasmosis diagnosis was accomplished with Neospora caninum by IFA, observing 61 (29.2%) seropositive animals for this parasite and 149 (70.8%) negative. Sixty animals were positive for both T. gondii and N. caninum. Pneumonia, splenomegaly, and intestinal ulcers were macroscopically observed. Unremarkable interstitial pneumonia, enteritis, colitis, splenitis, and glomerulitis were microscopically observed. The immunohistochemical stain could not detect the presence of T. gondii in the tissues of the animals infected experimentally.
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PMID:Detection of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in experimentally and naturally infected non-human primates by Indirect Fluorescence Assay (IFA) and indirect ELISA. 2038 56


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