Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038002 (splenomegaly)
 9,873 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) inoculated intraperitoneally with three acephalic cysts of Echinococcus multilocularis were very susceptible to infection. Aspects of the responses of gerbils to this infection were examined to determine if they could be related to the progress of the infection. Hematologic changes observed during the infection included anemia, reticulocytosis, lymphocytopenia, neutrophilia, monocytosis, and eosinopenia; these changes were related to the size of the infection. Infected gerbils also produced specific protein-A binding antibodies to E. multilocularis. At 14 weeks after inoculation, infected gerbils showed splenomegaly and somewhat elevated serum transaminase levels, although serum 5'-nucleotidase levels were normal.
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PMID:Echinococcus multilocularis: responses to infection in Mongolian gerbils. 394 84

Trypanosoma brucei EATRO 110 infection in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) produced anemia in 15 of 42 mice between postinoculation days 14 and 70. The infected anemic (IA) mice had significantly higher reticulocyte counts (P less than 0.025), spleen (P less than 0.001) and liver (P less than 0.005) weights, and higher parasitemia than did infected nonanemic (INA) mice. gamma-Globulin concentrations of infected mice were markedly increased, and values for INA mice were 10% higher than values for IA mice. Erythrocyte hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and pyruvate kinase activities were increased in infected mice, whereas phosphofructokinase was only slightly decreased in infected mice. Seemingly, development of anemia was not related to defects in erythrocyte metabolism. Serum iron values of infected mice were similar to those of controls. Storage iron (hemosiderin and ferritin) concentrations were increased in the spleen and to a lesser extent in the liver. The activity of superoxide dismutase, an enzyme that favors conversion of easily mobilized soluble ferritin to poorly mobilized insoluble hemosiderin, was decreased per unit weight of the enlarged spleen, although total activity was increased. The superoxide dismutase activity per unit weight of liver was not altered in infected mice although total liver activities were increased. These findings, as well as the marked reticulocytosis, indicate that lack of iron supply does not have a part in precipitating the anemia of T brucei infection. Leukocytosis was present in infected animals and was associated with lymphocytosis, eosinopenia, basophilia, and monocytosis; these changes were more marked in IA than in INA mice.
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PMID:Pathogenesis of Trypanosoma brucei infection in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus): hematologic, erythrocyte biochemical, and iron metabolic aspects. 686 60

In 28 children, with bacteriologically and/or serologically diagnosed typhoid fever treated at KEM Hospital, Bombay in 1991, initially one of the three recommended drugs (viz. chloramphenicol, amoxycillin or co-trimoxazole) was given for 7 days for defervescence to occur. In those who failed to respond, a second trial of therapy with one of the other two drugs was initiated, after omitting the first drug. A second failure of therapy was taken as an indication to use ciprofloxacin singly. Eventually, 18 (64.3%) cases responded to chloramphenicol or amoxycillin or co-trimoxazole. Ciprofloxacin was used in 19(35.7%) cases. the failure rate of treatment with chloramphenicol was 50%, with amoxycillin 71.4%, with co-trimoxazole 75% and 0% with ciprofloxacin. An analysis of the 28 cases revealed that apart from fever (in 100%), splenomegaly (in 82.1%) was the most important clinical pointer to diagnosis, along with absolute eosinopenia (in 71.4%). There were no major complications, except 2 cases with typhoid hepatitis who responded to choramphenicol and co-trimoxazole, respectively. Blood culture grew Salmonella typhi in 7 cases, of which 5 (72%) were multidrug resistant S. typhi. There were no characteristic clinical features to identify multi-drug resistant typhoid fever.
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PMID:An analysis of children with typhoid fever admitted in 1991. 913 40

In 28 children, with bacteriologically and/or serologically diagnosed typhoid fever treated at CMH, Rawalpindi in 2003, first one of the three recommended drugs (viz. chloramphenicol, amoxycillin or co-trimoxazole) was given for 7 days for defervescence to occur. In those who failed to respond a second trial of therapy with one of the other two drugs was initiated, after excluding the first drug. A second failure of therapy was taken as an indication to use pefloxacin singly. Finally, 18 (64.3%) cases responded to chloramphenicol or amoxycillin or co-trimoxazole. Pefloxacin was used in 10 (35.7%) cases. The failure rate of treatment with chloramphenicol was 50%, with amoxycillin 71.4% with co-trimoxazole 75% and 0% with pefloxacin. An analysis of the 28 cases revealed that apart from fever (in 100%), splenomegaly (in 82.1%) was the most important clinical indicator to diagnosis. along with absolute eosinopenia (in 71.4%). There were no major complications, except 2 cases with typhoid hepatitis that responded to choramphenicol and co-trimoxazole, respectively. Blood culture grew Salmonella typhi in 7 cases of which 5 (72%) were multi drug resistant S. typhi.
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PMID:Effects of pefloxacin in multi drug resistant typhoid Fever. 1663 9

Twenty eight positive blood culture paratyphoid A fever cases were studied. Forty two positive blood culture typhoid cases were taken as controls. Cases and controls were subjected to: 1) careful history, 2) thorough clinical examination, 3) two blood cultures for salmonella, 4) Widal agglutination test, 5) total and differential white blood count, 6) urine and stool cultures following therapy. There was no significant difference in the clinical picture between acute paratyphoid A fever and acute typhoid fever except the significant decrease of anorexia (57%), toxic look (54%), coated tongue (64%) in acute paratyphoid A cases when compared to acute typhoid cases. The prevalence of extraintestinal symptoms in paratyphoid A cases may mimic viral infections. Three of the 4 classical signs namely; toxic look (54%), bronchitic chest (50%), splenomegaly (72%) and tympanitis (64%) were good bed side suggestive clinical diagnostic aids in paratyphoid A cases. Blood culture was the cornerstone of diagnosis of paratyphoid A cases. In 6 (21%), only the second blood sample was positive stressing the value of multiple cultures. Significant Widal antibody titre was elicited in only about half (57%) of paratyphoid A cases which was significantly lower than typhoid cases (83%). Leucopenia was found in only 25% of paratyphoid A cases. Eosinopenia was constant and is considered as a diagnostic and prognostic aid. No correlation was elicited between either the height of antibody titre or the height of leucocytic count and the severity of illness. There was no significant difference in the response to therapy or the occurrence of complications between paratyphoid A cases and typhoid cases. Up to the current knowledge, this is the first report on comparative study between acute paratyphoid A fever and acute typhoid fever in Egypt from clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic points of view.
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PMID:Comparative study between paratyphoid A and typhoid fever cases. 1721 95

Although the definitive diagnosis of enteric fever requires the isolation of Salmonella enterica serotype typhi or paratyphi, the diagnosis is usually made according to clinical and laboratory findings. There is usually a diagnostic dilemma. The aim of this study was to determine the minimum required parameters that could be valuable in the diagnosis of enteric fever. A retrospective study was performed to compare the clinical and laboratory findings in 60 patients who proved to have enteric fever by cultures and 58 patients with non-enteric fever. Features independently predictive of enteric fever were assessed by multivariate logistic regression. Sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive and negative predictive values were estimated. Significant clinical features of enteric fever were hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, relative bradycardia, rose spots, leucopenia, trombocytopenia, eosinopenia and elevated AST level. Five of these features were found to be predictive for the diagnosis of enteric fever; splenomegaly, relative bradycardia, rose spots and trombocytopenia and elevated AST level. In conclusion, clinical and laboratory findings can help the clinician to diagnose enteric fever in the absence of microbiological confirmation.
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PMID:Predictive value of clinical and laboratory findings in the diagnosis of the enteric fever. 1938 66