Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038002 (splenomegaly)
 9,873 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Visceral leishmaniasis was diagnosed in a dog that had been living with his owners in Spain for two years. Clinical diagnosis was somewhat delayed as the disease is largely unknown to Canada and was manifested by a nonresponsive anemia which was not easily explained on peripheral blood evaluation alone, and concomitant interstitial nephritis. On post mortem examination splenomegaly was the main gross pathological finding. Light microscopic examination of bone marrow aspirates and subsequent electron microscopic examination of splenic and hepatic tissues revealed numerous Leishman-Donovan bodies in cells of the reticuloendothelial system. Parasitized reticuloendothelial cells were seen singly or forming granulomata. These latter did not contain giant cells and were confined mainly to the liver and spleen, being sparse and single in the first but extremely numerous and coalescing in the latter. Accumulation of intrafollicular hyaline material was seen in a small number of splenic follicles. Leishman-Donovan bodies on electron microscopic examination had a trilaminar periplast, a large round nucleus with heavy blocks of marginated chromatin and two nucleoli, a short flagellum and a kinetoplast. Lymph nodes and bone marrow had numerous parasitized macrophages but no granulomata. Leishman-Donovan bodies were not detected in the lungs and kidneys both of which exhibited a chronic intersitital reaction. The comparative hematological profile as well as the importance of bone marrow and electron microscopic examinations of the spleen and liver in diagnosis are discussed. The potential public health hazard of leishmaniasis to North America and particularly to Canada is considered.
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PMID:Visceral leishmaniasis in a dog: clinical, hematological and pathological observations. 83 83

Clinical and morphological findings of lymph nodes in 150 consecutive untreated non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients were retrospectively studied. One hundred and fifteen (77%) patients had B-NHL and 35 (23%) T-NHL, 96 (64%) patients had NHL low grade malignancy and 54 (36%) NHL of high grade malignancy according to the Kiel classification. Lymph nodes exceeding 2 cm in diameter (p less than 0.05), hepatomegaly (p less than 0.05), splenomegaly (p less than 0.05), and the duration of lymphadenopathy for more than 6 months preceding diagnosis (p less than 0.01) were significantly more common in low than high grade malignancy of NHL patients. Febrile episodes at the diagnosis were significantly more common in high than in low grade malignancy of NHL patients (p greater than 0.05). Lymph nodes exceeding 2 cm in diameter (p less than 0.05) in B-NHL, and lymph nodes above the diaphragm (p less than 0.05) and skin infiltration (p less than 0.001) were more common in T-NHL than in B-NHL patients. At the diagnosis low grade NHL patients have significantly more often splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, large palpable lymph nodes, and long lasting lymphadenopathy before diagnosis. High grade malignancy NHL patients have more often general symptoms, B-NHL patients have more often large palpable lymph nodes, T-NHL patients have more often skin infiltration and lymph nodes above the diaphragm. Precise clinical characterization of patients in addition to pathohistological diagnosis are very important in this highly variable disease.
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PMID:[Relation between clinical parameters and histologic findings in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]. 195 Jun 42

The effects of the in vivo administration of interleukin 1 (IL 1) on lymphocytes from lymph node and spleen were analyzed. Mice received five daily subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of various doses of human recombinant IL 1 beta. Either 1 or 7 days after IL 1 treatment, spleens, popliteal and inguinal lymph nodes were collected. Lymphadenosis and splenomegaly were observed in the IL 1-treated animals. Lymph nodes from IL 1-treated mice contained a higher percentage of B cells than controls, and B cells from IL 1-treated mice expressed dramatically increased levels of Ia antigen. Lymphadenosis and splenomegaly, as well as the changes in subset distributions and Ia expression were transient. Concomitant treatment of mice with IL 1 and anti-IL 4 monoclonal antibody suppressed IL 1 effects on B cell Ia expression, but not on the B/T cell ratio. In situ hybridization analyses revealed that IL 1 treatment induced the expression of mRNA for IL 4, interferon-gamma, and IL 2 in lymph node and spleen cells. The distribution of cells expressing the various cytokine mRNA was markedly different between the spleens and lymph nodes.
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PMID:In vivo administration of interleukin 1 elicits increased Ia antigen expression on B cells through the induction of interleukin 4. 257 31

An animal model for the study of transient lymphadenopathy-splenomegaly during toxoplasmosis is presented. Injection of CBA/J mice with the low virulent, cyst-forming strain of Toxoplasma gondii (Pe strain) induces a three to four fold increase in weight and cellularity of spleen and lymph nodes with peak changes at 30-50 days after infection. The spleen displays marked haemopoiesis, a 30 fold increase in mononuclear phagocytes, and a two fold increase in Lyt2+ lymphocytes. Lymph nodes show a five fold increase in mononuclear phagocytes and a four and a half fold increase in Lyt2+ T cells. The increase in mononuclear phagocytes significantly alters T cell/macrophage ratios and this is associated with decreases in in vitro cell proliferation to mitogen and toxoplasma antigen. The relationship between alterations in cell balance of mononuclear phagocytes and T cell subsets and the expression of transient immune dysfunction can now be examined by modulating changes in these cell types.
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PMID:Spleen and lymph node cell populations, in vitro cell proliferation and interferon-gamma production during the primary immune response to Toxoplasma gondii. 310 Oct 32

An abdominal computed tomographic examination was performed to 20 patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and to 5 patients with Lymphadenopathy Syndrome (LAS). Intraabdominal lymph nodes were seen in 18 out of 20 cases of AIDS and in 5 cases of LAS. Lymph nodes have a normal size or are slightly enlarged but they are too numerous. Splenomegaly was found in 17 patients. Rectal modifications secondary to a proctitis were seen in the homosexual patients.
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PMID:[Results of abdominal x-ray computed tomography in 25 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or the lymphadenopathy syndrome]. 374 55

A new spontaneous autosomal recessive mutation has recently occurred at the motheaten (me) locus on Chromosome 6 in strain C57BL/6J mice. Homozygotes for the new allele, designated "viable motheaten" (mev), have a mean life span of 61 +/- 2.4 days, compared with only 22 +/- 1.3 days for C57BL/6J-me/me mice. Like the original motheaten mutation, the immediate cause of death in mev/mev mice appears to be severe pneumonitis associated with accumulations of macrophages, granulocytes, and lymphocytes in the lungs. However, because of its longer life span, progression of the disease in mev/mev mice is more amenable to investigation. Eosinophilic crystalline material in alveolar macrophages from mev/mev mice is associated with extravasation of erythrocytes into alveoli. These crystals are morphologically indistinguishable from hematoidin, which results from hemoglobin breakdown following uptake of erythrocytes by macrophages. Severe macrocytic hypochromic anemia with abnormalities in size and shape of erythrocytes develops by 7 weeks. A two-fold increase in peripheral leukocyte count and a five-fold increase in the percentage of neutrophils is seen by 10 weeks. Viable motheaten mice develop focal granulocytic skin lesions by 4 days of age, show depletion of cells from the thymus cortex by 4 weeks, and lack lymphoid follicles in the lymph nodes, spleen, and Peyer's patches. Excessive erythropoiesis and myelopoiesis in the spleen result in marked splenomegaly. Lymph nodes and spleens from mev/mev mice contain increased numbers of plasma cells by 3 weeks; and by 6 weeks, large numbers of atypical plasma cells with Russell bodies are evident. Development of glomerulonephritis by 10 weeks is characterized by granular depositis of immunoglobulin and complement within glomeruli. A twofold increase of blood urea nitrogen levels is present by 15 weeks. Sterility of male mev/mev mice is associated with Leydig cell depletion in the testes, lowered testosterone levels, and impaired spermatogenesis.
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PMID:"Viable motheaten," a new allele at the motheaten locus. I. Pathology. 638 Feb 98

Ten patients with diffuse large cell (histiocytic) lymphoma of the spleen had a characteristic clinical presentation and pathologic findings. Patients presented with left upper quadrant pain, fever, weight loss, and an elevated sedimentation rate. Imaging studies revealed an enlarged spleen with a discrete mass in all cases. Moderate to massive splenomegaly (average weight, 1025 g) was found at laparotomy; a single large mass or multiple confluent nodules with extensive central necrosis replaced 85% to 90% of the parenchyma. The tumor transgressed the splenic capsule in nine of ten cases, and either invaded or was adherent to the diaphragm, stomach, pancreas, or abdominal wall. Lymph nodes in the splenic hilum or retroperitoneum were frequently involved. Seven patients were in Ann Arbor Stage II, and three were in Stage I. Eight of the ten lymphomas were subclassified as centroblastic (large noncleaved cell) and two were immunoblastic. The B-cell lineage of six tumors was established by the presence of monoclonal immunoglobulin. Despite combination chemotherapy, with or without radiation, three of the seven patients whose follow-up was adequate died in less than 2 years; four are alive at 7, 12, 12, and 81 months, respectively, the last two with recurrent lymphoma. Large cell lymphoma of the spleen is a likely diagnosis in patients who present with left upper quadrant pain, fever, and radiographic evidence of a splenic mass.
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PMID:Diffuse large cell (histiocytic) lymphoma of the spleen. Clinical and pathologic characteristics of ten cases. 638 5

Interleukin-3 treatment of juvenile rhesus monkeys elicits a dose- and time-dependent syndrome that includes urticaria, palpable lymph nodes, splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, anemia, vomiting, diarrhea, intestinal bleeding, edema, and arthritis, apart from a strong stimulation of hemopoiesis. Arthritis was found to occur significantly more often in animals expressing the major histocompatibility complex alleles B9 and Dr5. Histological analysis revealed an abundance of mast cells in urticaria and, to a lesser extent, in lungs and synovia of arthritic joints. Active osteoclasts were abundant in ribs and arthritic joints. Extramedullary hemopoiesis was encountered in liver, spleen, and kidneys. The spleen showed deposits of hemosiderin, and in the liver, Kupffer cells were loaded with iron, indicating enhanced turnover of hemoglobin. Lymph nodes and bone marrow showed macrophages involved in hemophagocytosis, which probably contributed to the development of anemia and thrombopenia. Biochemical parameters in sera were indicative of parenchymal liver damage, with cholestasis and increased erythrocyte destruction. The side effects were strongly reduced in monkeys subjected to total body irradiation just before interleukin-3 treatment. Histamine antagonists were not significantly effective in preventing side effects, which is explained by the perpetual stimulation of basophilic granulocytes by exogenous interleukin-3. The nature of the side effects indicates that interleukin-3 may be involved in the pathogenesis of acute type hypersensitivity reactions and arthritis.
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PMID:Acute side effects of homologous interleukin-3 in rhesus monkeys. 825 52

The existence of primary nodal marginal zone lymphomas (MZL) is controversial, as is their relationship to putative extranodal counterparts. Most nodal lymphomas with monocytoid B cell/marginal zone differentiation exhibit the morphologic and immunophenotypical characteristics of extranodal MALT-lymphomas. Splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) is also of putative marginal zone derivation, but it differs immunophenotypically from MALT lymphoma. To clarify the relationship between nodal and extranodal MZLs and to investigate the possible existence of a nodal variant of SMZL, 36 MZL initially considered to be primary nodal neoplasms were examined. Other low-grade lymphomas with marginal zone differentiation were excluded (small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia [SLL/CLL], follicular lymphoma, and mantle cell lymphoma). Six nodal MZLs showed morphologic and phenotypic characteristics similar to those of SMZL, whereas 30 tumors were more similar to MALT-type lymphomas. The six tumors with SMZL features showed a polymorphic infiltrate surrounding residual germinal centers with absent or very attenuated mantle cuffs. These lymphomas were IgD positive (6/6) but cyclin D1 (0/5), CD5 (0/6), and CD23 (0/6) negative. Five of these patients came for treatment in stage I or II. No patient manifested splenomegaly, peripheral blood, and/or bone marrow infiltration either at diagnosis or during follow-up. Lymph nodes from 30 patients with MALT-type features showed a perisinusoidal and perivascular infiltration of monocytoid/centrocytoid cells and residual germinal centers with a relatively well-preserved mantle cuff. The neoplastic cells were negative for IgD (0/17), cyclin D1 (0/8), and CD5 (0/12). Seven of 16 (44%) patients with a detailed history and clinical follow-up had evidence of extranodal lymphoma. These observations suggest that most nodal B cell lymphomas with marginal zone differentiation are of the MALT type and that they are frequently associated with an extranodal component. In addition, a primary nodal counterpart of splenic MZL also exists, and may occur in the absence of splenomegaly.
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PMID:Primary nodal marginal zone lymphomas of splenic and MALT type. 1068 Sep 7

The characterization of leukemia-associated chromosome translocations has contributed relevant insights into our understanding of leukemia pathogenesis and has provided new specific tumor markers essential in prognostic assessment and minimal residual disease studies. The aim of this work is to study the frequency of AML1/ETO fusion gene in a series of Egyptian childhood AML cases. The clinical significance and prognostic implications of this aberration, including CR rate, duration of first CR, extramedullary leukemia (EML), and survival are investigated as well. Peripheral blood and/or bone marrow mononuclear cells were available for analysis from 78 children, all newly diagnosed with AML. AML1/ ETO fusion transcript was detected by the reverse transcriptase- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. Patients with de novo AML were treated by 2 courses of induction chemotherapy, followed by 4 courses of consolidation treatment if the patient achieved complete remission (CR). The marrow status was evaluated after each course in order to check bone marrow cellularity and presence of blasts. Patients with less than 5% blasts by the end of the second course of ADE passed to consolidation chemotherapy. Patients with more than 5% blasts by the end of the second course of ADE were excluded from the study. The AML1/ETO fusion transcript was detected by a singleround RT-PCR reaction and was found to be expressed in 15 out of 78 cases (19.2%). AML1/ETO positive patients were 7 girls and 8 boys, with ages ranging from 5 to 15 years. Seven cases (46.67%) belonged to FAB subtype M1, 7 (46.67%) M2, while only one case (6.67%) belonged to M5a subtype. Their total leukocytic counts ranged from 7.1 to 183.0 x 109/l with a median of 21.0 x 109/l. Their hemoglobin concentrations ranged from 4.8 to 10.3g/dl with a median of 7.4g/dl, while their platelet counts ranged from 6.0 to 96.0 x 109/l with a median of 25.5 x 109/l. Lymph nodes were enlarged in 8/15 cases (53.34%), hepatomegly was observed in 4/15 cases (26.67%), splenomegaly in 8/15 cases (53.34%), purpura in 6/15 cases (40%), while pallor was observed in all fifteen cases.Extramedullary leukemia occurred in 4/15 cases (26.67%). As regards the fate of the positive cases, thirteen cases (86.67%) attained complete remission (CR) following induction chemotherapy. Two patients (13.33%) died during induction in active disease. Eight patients were in complete continuous remission (CCR), four patients (26.67%) relapsed and died during relapse, and one patient (6.67%) died in complete remission due to severe neutropenia and infection. On comparing the AML1/ETO fusion gene status with overall survival, no significant difference was found between AML1/ETO positive and negative cases. Likewise, no difference could be found between positive and negative cases as regards disease-free survival (p=0.354). In conclusion, we report a frequency of 19.2% of AML1/ETO fusion gene in our newly diagnosed pediatric AML cases. Positive cases showed good response to induction therapy, as well as high complete remission rates, which are features of good prognosis. Key Words: Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia , AML1/ETO fusion gene , RT-PCR , Clinical outcome , Prognostic significance.
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PMID:AML1/ETO Fusion Gene in de novo Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Clinical Significance and Prognostic Implications. 1883 34


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