Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0038002 (splenomegaly)
 9,873 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

As an alternative to surgical splenectomy, partial splenic embolization was performed in seven children for hypersplenism manifested by splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and erythrocyte hemolysis. Within a few days, platelet and leukocyte counts rose significantly in all patients and were maintained in six of seven patients during a follow-up period of 9 to 69 months. Spleen size and abdominal distention also decreased significantly in all children. There were no infectious complications.
 ...
PMID:Partial splenic embolization in children with hypersplenism. 807 71

Mice developed massive splenomegaly and polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia within 2 days after intravenous injection of a phosphorothioate oligomer that is antisense to a portion of the rev region of the HIV-1 genome. Histologic examination of spleens from injected animals showed marked expansion of a uniform-appearing population of small lymphocytes and many mitoses. Spleen mononuclear cells (SMNCs) from injected animals showed approximately a 10-fold-increased uptake of [3H]thymidine and production of IgM and IgG. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that the responding cells were predominantly B-lymphocytes. The anti-rev oligomer also was mitogenic in vitro and stimulated immunoglobulin production by normal mouse SMNCs and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Similar immunologic effects were observed with an anti-rev 21-mer phosphorothioate, truncated at the 3' end, but not with a 20-mer human p53 antisense phosphorothioate or a 28-mer anti-rev phosphodiester. These observations are consistent with the possibility that DNA sequences homologous to the rev gene participate in the regulation of mammalian lymphocyte activation, proliferation and maturation.
 ...
PMID:Immune stimulation by an antisense oligomer complementary to the rev gene of HIV-1. 851 86

We have used an new patient position for laparoscopic splenectomy: the patient is placed in the right lateral supine position on a "bean bag" positioning apparatus and the left arm is elevated. The operator stands to the patient's right, the first assistant is on the patient's right and the second is on the patient's left. This position provides very good exposure of the spleen, which hangs from the diaphragm by the peritoneal attachments and the inferior pole splenic vessels, short gastric vessels and splenic hilus vessels can be released successively. We have now performed 19 splenectomies using the "Hanging Spleen Technique" with three conversions to open surgery. Splenectomy was always possible with the use of a plastic bag through the 12 mm trocar hole in 12 cases and through this enlarged hole in 2 cases. The mean post-operative stay was 4.3 days and the mean time to return to work was 19 days. Laparoscopic splenectomy is a feasible and safe procedure with this patient position. Obesity and splenomegaly are no longer absolute contra-indications.
 ...
PMID:[Laparoscopic splenectomy. The "hanging spleen technique" in a series of nineteen cases]. 852 36

Detection of non-palpable early splenic enlargement may aid diagnosis of primary polycythaemia (PP) and primary thrombocythaemia (PT). In this study linear spleen sizing by ultrasound has been compared with spleen volume estimation by single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) in 26 patients. Spleen length by ultrasound correlated well with SPECT volume estimation. Ultrasound spleen length was also measured in 60 normal control subjects where the upper limit of the 95% reference range was 11.6 cm. Changes in spleen length with both age and body weight were substantial and overshadowed the imperfect reproducibility of this method. Therefore, interpretation of an individual's measured spleen length should be in relation to that predicted for adults of the same age and weight, particularly at the extremes of the younger, heavier patients and also the older, lighter patients. Ultrasound spleen lengths of different patient groups (21 PP, 26 PT, 17 idiopathic erythrocytosis, 12 secondary polycythaemia, nine apparent polycythaemia) were compared both using the measured overall reference range and the differences from the values predicted for their age and weight. The comparison showed that almost all patients with PP whose spleens were not palpable had spleen lengths greater than the upper limit for the normal control group, but separation from the other patient groups was incomplete. Detection of non-palpable splenomegaly by ultrasound length should remain a 'minor' criterion amongst the 'proposed modified diagnostic criteria' of PP.
 ...
PMID:Spleen sizing by ultrasound in polycythaemia and thrombocythaemia: comparison with SPECT. 923 71

A cardinal feature of malaria, splenomegaly, is usually absent in adult patients who have already suffered from falciparum malaria or who are natives of an endemic falciparum zone. This is an attribute of the past episode of clinical or sub-clinical malaria which usually results in regression of the splenic size to below-normal. An ultrasonographic evaluation of spleens was done in 90 healthy adult males, who had suffered from vivax (n = 28) or falciparum (n = 25) malaria in the past, except the controls (n = 22) and natives from an endemic falciparum area (n = 15) who never suffered from malaria. Their ultrasonographic details of spleens, including the size, were compared. Besides other conspicuous differences in the ultrasonographic picture, spleen size was found significantly decreased (p < 0.01) in the group who had been affected by P. falciparum malaria; the smallest measured 7.8 cms. In P. vivax group the decrease was not significant (p < 0.1), but was highly significant in inhabitants of endemic falciparum region (p < 0.001). The present study establishes the 'Small Spleen' and looks at echotexture pattern variations thereof for the first time.
 ...
PMID:The 'small spleen' in malaria. 928 11

The effect of malaria parasitaemia on spleen size and anaemia in 1,905 pregnant women in Jos Plateau highlands, Bauchi Savannah plains and Ethiope river basin of Nigeria was evaluated. The overall spleen rates in Jos Plateau, Bauchi and Ethiope were 15, 23, 16.33 and 10.71% respectively. Higher cases of palpable spleen were detected in pregnant women than non-pregnant controls. Spleen rates also showed seasonal variation, but not very significant. Malaria prevalence rates were higher than spleen rates. In all three study sites, parasitaemic pregnant women had significantly lower haemoglobin values than malaria negative mothers, especially among primigravids. However, there was no constant association between higher parasite density and splenomegaly, since few cases of enlarged spleens were also recorded among subjects with low parasitaemia. Severe anaemia was predominant among parasitaemic pregnant women with high spleen classes.
 ...
PMID:Malaria in pregnancy in Nigerians: seasonality and relationship to splenomegaly and anaemia. 929 70

Twenty weeks after moderate level infections with Schistosoma mansoni, approximately 20% of male CBA/J mice develop hypersplenomegaly syndrome (HSS) while the rest present with moderate splenomegaly syndrome (MSS). HSS and MSS mice differ pathophysiologically (degree of splenomegaly, anaemia, ascites, periportal fibrosis, portal hypertension) and immunologically with regard to antibodies (idiotypic expression, isotype levels) to schistosome soluble egg antigens (SEA), and spleen cell phenotypic profiles. This study compared in vitro proliferative responses and IL-2, IFN gamma, IL-4, and IL-10 production by spleen cells from uninfected mice and mice with acute (8 wk), MSS or HSS schistosomiasis mansoni, upon exposure to anti-CD3 epsilon or SEA, Spleen cells from uninfected mice produce Il-2 to anti-CD3 epsilon but exposure of cells from all three groups of infected mice to anti-CD3 epsilon or SEA led to only very low levels of supernatant IL-2. Anti-CD3 epsilon- or SEA-stimulated production of IFN gamma or Il-4, and anti-CD3 epsilon-stimulated production of IL-10, displayed similar patterns: highest cytokine production by cells from mice with acute infections and lower levels of production that did not differ between the two chronic groups. In contrast, while SEA-stimulated IL-10 production was again highest with cells from mice with acute infections, spleen cells from mice with MSS produced significantly more IL-10 than did those from mice with HSS. This association of low levels of antigen-induced IL-10 with severe pathology is consistent with the theory that IL-10 plays a role in the immunoregulation that occurs in chronic schistosomiasis.
 ...
PMID:IL-10 deficit correlates with chronic, hypersplenomegaly syndrome in male CBA/J mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni. 929 93

Splenomegaly was observed both in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats after 1 week of exposure to CdCl2 (0.6 mg Cd/kg/day). Spleen weight reached about double that in controls by 8 weeks of Cd exposure. Histopathological examination of the enlarged spleen revealed that iron- and lipid-laden histiocytes were clustered in the periarterial lymphatic sheath, and the red pulp appeared to be expanded. It is noteworthy that electron microscopy revealed marked poikilocytosis and Heinz body formation in red blood cells (RBCs) in both the sinus and cord. Histiocytes were swollen by a granular substance in the cytoplasm and also many secondary lysosomes. These morphological findings indicate that degradation of damaged RBCs induced by exposure to Cd might be promoted in the spleen and possibly cause splenomegaly. This RBC damage-hemolysis-splenomegaly sequence is also considered to be associated with the etiology of Cd-induced anemia. In addition to the abnormal RBC degradation, nuclei of lymphocytes in the Cd-exposed spleen exhibited high electron density, consistent with a preapoptotic state suggesting the immunosuppressive effect of Cd.
 ...
PMID:Pathological study of splenomegaly associated with cadmium-induced anemia in rats. 955 25

In this study we have demonstrated that the bone marrow of the anemic Belgrade laboratory (b/b) rat, as the primary site of erythropoiesis, has a decreased globin polypeptide synthesis in total protein cell extracts. Therefore, it is the source of red blood cells containing decreased amounts of globin mRNAs and polypeptides. In spite of the fact that the b/b rat shows a splenomegaly, the spleen is not capable of compensating for the anemic state. Spleen erythroid cells are defective in differentiation and contain a decreased share of globin polypeptides in total protein cell extracts compared to the control. Spleen cells are also characterized by a drastic imbalance of alpha- to beta-globin resulting in the beta-globin chains surplus.
 ...
PMID:Alpha- and beta-globins of the anemic Belgrade laboratory rat. I. Status of alpha- and beta-globins in bone marrow and spleen. 962 97

Spleen embolization is a method of percutaneous occlusion of instrasplenic vascular network, by which is achieved a partial embolization of arterial branches with the convenience of controlled circulation reduction. Reduction achieved in this way corrects clinical and laboratory symptoms of hypersplenism and improves hematologic status in the diseases of lymphopoietic tissues where splenectomy is otherwise the therapeutic solution. This method had been applied experimentally, and afterward clinically since 1973, but with numerous complications and incidents. The authors had discussed those complications, commented the method development, so as physiopathologic and hemodynamic circumstances, and considering them, the method had become efficacious and safe. Using the modified methodologic principle, they had performed the first transcatheter spleen embolization at the Institute for Radiology of Military Medical Academy in the patient with liver cirrhosis, hypersplenism, splenomegaly and the signs of portal hypertension. The authors described the applied methods, postintervention effects and clinical and laboratory condition in six months after the intervention. Considering the positive clinical and laboratory results, the authors are of the opinion that the method of transcatheter spleen embolization is useful therapeutic alternative to splenectomy.
 ...
PMID:[Therapeutic embolization of the spleen]. 1006 90


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>