Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038002 (splenomegaly)
 9,873 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A retrospective clinical and pathological study of 15 cases associated with schistosomiasis drawn from 1920 patients undergoing appendicectomy is discussed. The average age of the patients was 31.6 years with a 12:3 male predominance. Hepatomegaly, past or present jaundice, or splenomegaly were not observed. One patient had a previous history of similar right lower quadrant pain for several days. Eighty per cent of the cases showed an inflammatory reaction on pathological examination. In the remaining 20 per cent no inflammation was seen, but there was severe congestion mainly involving the subserosal blood vessels. Schistosoma haematobium was present in 80 per cent of the cases.
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PMID:Appendicitis and schistosomiasis. 312 73

Recent surveys in Ngamiland, Botswana, indicate increasing prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infections. With the introduction of a schistosomiasis control programme, 354 of 373 schoolchildren were examined quantitatively for eggs of S. mansoni, and 317 were examined clinically for hepato- and splenomegaly. 80.5% of the children examined parasitologically were found infected. Among these the arithmetric mean egg output was 744.7 and the geometric mean 307.3 eggs per gram of faeces (epg), 46.0% were excreting more than 400 epg. 23 children were found to have an enlarged liver, whereas none was found with enlarged spleen. 21 of these had schistosomiasis. The prevalence of hepatomegaly was highest among those excreting above 1600 epg. Also the mean size of the enlarged livers increased with intensity of infection.
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PMID:Schistosoma mansoni: intensity of infection and morbidity among schoolchildren in Matlapaneng, Ngamiland, Botswana. 312 13

Eighty-five patients with chronic splenomegaly and proven oesophageal varices were studied at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi. The major defined groups were hepatosplenic schistosomiasis (24%), cirrhosis (20%) and portal vein occlusion (11%). Hyper-reactive malarial splenomegaly (tropical splenomegaly syndrome) was considered as the cause of oesophageal varices in only one patient. In 26% of cases liver biopsy was non-diagnostic and the extrahepatic portal vein was demonstrated radiologically to be patent. Such patients were thought to be suffering from idiopathic portal hypertension, not previously described elsewhere in Africa. Hepatitis B surface antigen was detected in 12% of controls and in 58% of patients with cirrhosis (p less than 0.001). Some serological marker of previous hepatitis B virus infection was present in 92% of patients with cirrhosis and in 79% of controls. Kamba patients from Machakos and Kitui Districts were significantly more prevalent than expected among these 85 cases of portal hypertension.
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PMID:Chronic splenomegaly in Nairobi, Kenya. II. Portal hypertension. 312 51

A cross-sectional study of anthropometric measures and their association with socioeconomic variables, infection by Schistosoma mansoni, intensity of infection and splenomegaly was carried out in an endemic area for schistosomiasis in Brazil (Comercinho), using multiple logistic regression methods. Eighty-seven per cent of all 1.5-14.4 year-old children in the area participated in the study. Children below the 5th percentile (USA Ten State Survey) for height-for-age, weight-for-age and arm muscle area-for-age were compared to those greater than the 5th percentile. There was no association between low anthropometric measures and schistosomiasis or socioeconomic variables in children under five years of age. For the 4.4-14.4 year-old children, poor condition of the heads of family and poorer housing were independently associated with low height and arm muscle area. Heavy excretion of S. mansoni eggs (greater than or equal to 500 epg) was related to low height, and splenomegaly was the variable which showed the strongest association with low height, weight and arm muscle area (odds ratios adjusted for socioeconomic variables were 6.4, 3.5 and 3.7 respectively). This indicates that there is a biological component for low anthropometric measures in the severe form of schistosomiasis and this reinforces the need for public health measures to prevent the development of splenomegalies in endemic areas.
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PMID:Anthropometric measures in relation to Schistosomiasis mansoni and socioeconomic variables. 314 44

One hundred eighty-four patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni from the northeast of Brazil were studied. All were treated with a single dose of Oxamniquine or Praziquantel, and were observed over 6 to 12 months. Special attention was given to the evolution of severe hepatopathy. Favourable results were obtained, particularly with the compensated hepatosplenic form. Hepatic function showed great improvement. Hepatomegaly and splenomegaly were significantly reduced in size, to a greater or lesser extent, in the great majority of patients. The implications of the results obtained are considered below.
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PMID:Specific treatment of advanced schistosomiasis liver disease in man: favourable results. 315 Nov 9

A cross-sectional study was made of the morbidity due to Schistosoma mansoni infection in the Rusizi plain, Burundi. An evenly distributed 5% population sample (n = 6203) was examined; each subject was submitted to a standardized medical history and abdominal palpation. The prevalence of infection was 33% and most infections were light. Diarrhoea was complained of by 26% of those infected and 21% of those not infected; "bloody diarrhoea" by 13% and 4%, respectively. The association with schistosomiasis was significant in all age groups. "Abdominal pain" was a very common complaint, "tiredness" an infrequent one; neither was associated with the infection. Left lobe hepatomegaly was found in 26% of those infected, and in 10% of those not infected; right lobe hepatomegaly in 7% and 5%, and splenomegaly in 30% and 24%, respectively. The frequency of organomegaly and its association with schistosomiasis was maximal in children, decreased in adolescents and young adults, and increased again in older adults; its intensity was generally mild. Ascites or histories of haematemesis were not recorded, though several cases of decompensated portal hypertension due to schistosomiasis have been documented at the central hospital of Bujumbura. The relation of morbidity to intensity of infection was limited to a correlation between hepatomegaly and egg load in those over 40 years old. It is concluded that, in this situation, selective mass treatment is a better strategy than targeted or selected group chemotherapy.
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PMID:The morbidity of schistosomiasis mansoni in the Rusizi Plain (Burundi). 315 15

Chronic splenomegaly in 131 Kenyan patients was investigated at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi. Patients were allocated to diagnostic groups on the basis of clinical, haematological, parasitological, histological, radiological and endoscopic data. The major diagnostic groups were hyper-reactive malarial splenomegaly, our preferred name for tropical splenomegaly syndrome, (31%), hepatosplenic schistosomiasis (18%), visceral leishmaniasis (5%) and "indeterminate splenomegaly", where no diagnosis could be reached (12%). Another 20% of patients were suffering from various non-schistosomal forms of portal hypertension. A number of specific and rarer causes accounted for the rest of the cases. The tribal and geographical distribution of patients with chronic splenomegaly was compared with the pattern of general medical admissions. Splenomegaly was more frequent than expected in Kamba and Luo patients. Hyper-reactive malarial splenomegaly and hepatosplenic schistosomiasis were common in both groups, whereas visceral leishmaniasis was almost restricted to the Kamba and indeterminate splenomegaly was especially prevalent in the Luo. Malarial antibody and immunoglobulin levels differed significantly between the various diagnostic categories of patients and controls. Malarial serology can be diagnostically useful for chronic splenomegaly, provided results are interpreted in their geographical context.
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PMID:Chronic splenomegaly in Nairobi, Kenya. I. Epidemiology, malarial antibody and immunoglobulin levels. 344 95

Genetic differences in mice influence both the pathological and immunological responses to schistosomiasis mansoni. We have investigated the nature of the genetic factors influencing these responses by crossing two different pairs of strains of mice which vary in their response to infection, and measuring responses in the F1 hybrid and backcross offspring. The two pairs of parental strains differed with respect to faecal egg excretion, accumulation of eggs in the tissues, splenomegaly and pattern of antibody response. The numbers of adult worms which establish do not differ between strains. The inheritance of the responses measured was different in the two pairs of strains. The F1 hybrid from the C57BL/6/0la X BALB/c cross resembled the low-responding parental strain (C57BL/6/0la) with respect to faecal egg excretion, accumulation of eggs in the tissues and splenomegaly, and was intermediate in its pattern of antibody response. The F1 hybrid mice from the NIH X CBA/Ca cross resembled the high-responding strain (CBA/Ca) with respect to faecal egg excretion, accumulation of eggs in the tissues and splenomegaly, and had an earlier and greater antibody response than either parental strain. No evidence of single gene influence on any of these responses was seen in the backcross offspring. The differing patterns of inheritance and the absence of a bimodal distribution of responses in the backcross offspring indicate that each of these responses is influenced by multiple genes. The pattern of antibody response did not correlate between strains with any of the pathological responses. The positive correlation of egg accumulation in the tissues and faecal egg excretion suggests that there are genetic influences on the fecundity of the worms.
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PMID:The inheritance of responses to schistosomiasis mansoni in two pairs of inbred strains of mice. 392 18

A cross-sectional survey of schistosomiasis was done in Comercinho (Minas Gerais State, Brazil). Faecal (Kato-Katz technique) and physical examinations were performed on 90% and 79% of the population (1474 inhabitants), respectively. The rate of infection with Schistosoma mansoni was 70%, the geometric mean of eggs was 334/g of faeces and 7% of the infected individuals had splenomegaly. The rate of infection, faecal egg counts and the rate of splenomegaly were significantly higher in the environs (zones 3 and 4) of the town than in the central areas (zones 1 and 2) of Comercinho. This difference seemed to be determined by the social differences existing between the population in the central area and the environs; in the environs the heads of families were predominantly manual workers (73 and 94% respectively), only 10 and 3% of the houses had piped water supply and less than 14% were of better quality.
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PMID:A clinico-epidemiological survey of schistosomiasis mansoni in a hyperendemic area in Minas Gerais State (Comercinho, Brazil). I. Differences in the manifestations of schistosomiasis in the town centre and in the environs. 393 44

We evaluated praziquantel for therapy of active Schistosoma mansoni infection in 15 rural Egyptian males with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. Criteria for inclusion in this study were two pre-treatment S. mansoni egg counts with a mean of greater than 100 eggs g-1 faeces and an enlarged spleen. Fourteen of 15 patients had hepatomegaly, five had ascites, and six had serum albumin below 3 g dl-1. Schistosoma haematobium infection (less than 10 eggs ml-1 urine) was present in three patients. Praziquantel was administered in a single oral dose of 30 mg kg-1 body weight. Eight of the 15 patients (53%) had mild and transient reactions in the form of fever (usually one day), gastrointestinal symptoms, headache and skin rash. Criteria for parasitological cure were the absence of live eggs in two stool samples and a negative rectal snip biopsy three months after therapy. Ten patients ceased to pass live eggs (cure rate 67%). For the five who were still passing live eggs there was a mean egg reduction of 95%. The three patients with S. haematobium demonstrated parasitological cures. We conclude that praziquantel is an effective and well tolerated drug for treatment of S. mansoni infection in patients with advanced hepatosplenic schistosomiasis, and it is the drug of choice for patients with coexisting S. haematobium infection.
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PMID:Praziquantel for treatment of schistosomiasis in patients with advanced hepatosplenomegaly. 393 36


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