Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038002 (splenomegaly)
 9,873 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors report the observation of a 23 years old man, who presented an urinary schistosomiasis (S. haematobium) and an intestinal schistosomiasis (S. mansoni). Important abdominal pains, and an enormous splenomegaly compressing stomach and colon, lead to a laparoscopy, which gave evidence of a big liquid cyst of the spleen. Its exeresis brought recovery.
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PMID:[A cyst of the spleen in a patient with schistosomiasis. Its detection by laparoscopy (author's transl)]. 15 33

A prospective survey of acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in the major government hospital of Kenya was done using fibre-optic esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Of 66 African patients presenting with hematemesis and melena, a precise visual diagnosis was made in 89%. Duodenal ulcer was most common, accounting for 53%, but esophageal varices occurred in 20%. Gastric ulcers and esophagitis were surprisingly infrequent. There was a correlation between hemorrhage from esophageal varices and schistosomiasis distribution. Variceal bleeding occurred in a young age group (mean age 28 yr) and correlated closely with the presence of splenomegaly. These findings have implications for the diagnostic approach and management of patients from areas of endemic schistosomiasis.
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PMID:A fibreendoscopic study of acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in Nairobi, Kenya. 30 5

To evaluate the role of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency in the pathogenesis of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis, alpha-1-antitrypsin was measured in 90 patients with schistosomal splenomegaly and in 87 phenotyping was also done. All levels were in the normal range except for those of two patients who were shown to have the heterozygous deficiency state, PiMZ. The phenotypes found in the 87 were as would be expected in a normal population. Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency does not play a significant role in the pathogenesis of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis.
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PMID:Lack of association of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis and alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. 30 24

In 5 patients with portal hypertension caused by schistosomiasis, the sinusoidal pressure (wedged hepatic pressure) varied from 20.7 to 35.4 mm Hg. While the catheter was in an occluded position within the hepatic vein and the patients were undergoing splenectomy, the main trunk of the hepatic artery was clamped. The sinusoidal pressures then fell to levels that varied from 3.7 to 7.4 mm Hg but returned to previous levels when the clamping was released. Wedged hepatic venous pressure levels, which were significantly greater than portal venous pressure values, decreased minimally after splenectomy. Portal venous pressure levels, however, fell to 63% of presplenectomy levels. In a control case with an enlarged spleen (cavernous hemangioma, but with a normal liver, the wedged hepatic pressure was 7.4 mm Hg and showed no alteration after clamping of hepatic artery. These data point out the importance of hepatic artery hypertrophy, that has already been demonstrated in other studies, in causing elevation of the wedged hepatic pressure in advanced hepatic schistosomiasis.
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PMID:Hepatic artery hypertrophy and sinusoidal hypertension in advanced schistosomiasis. 31 79

Levels of IgG, IgE, IgM, and IgA were determined, specific antibodies were detected by the fluorescent antibody test, hemagglutination test, complement fixation test and immunoelectrophoresis, and intradermal tests for delayed hypersensitivity to Schistosoma mansoni antigens were performed in Brazilian patients with schistosomiasis mansoni. The results were compared according to the clinical forms of the disease. IgG levels and antibody titers increased progressively in the subclinical, hepatomegalic, and hepatosplenic forms and there was a statistical relationship between IgG levels and the intensity of responses to the four serological tests; Delayed hypersensitivity (DHS) was found more frequently in hepatosplenic patients and more particularly in those with splenomegaly. DHS also correlated with age, but not with sex or with skin color. The strongest DHS reactions were observed in patients 20 to 34 years old, and in those having the highest fecal egg output. IgG levels, antibody titers, and DHS responses decreased after splenectomy and portal filtration of the worms. No significant variation was observed between untreated subjects, patients who were splenectomized and a group not subject to reinfection for 4 yearsk0
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PMID:Immunological studies in human schistosomiasis. III. Immunoglobulin levels, antibodies, and delayed hypersensitivity. 32 69

Serum immunoglobulin concentrations, malarial antibodies and schistosomal antibodies were measured in 33 patients with a provisional diagnosis of schistosomal splenomegaly, 16 with TSS of presumed malarial aetiology and in 52 controls. IgG and IgM were higher in both splenomegaly groups than in the controls and IgG was significantly higher in patients with schistosomal splenomegaly than in TSS. Although a very high IgM was found more often in the TSS group, there was no significant difference between the mean IgM levels in the two splenomegaly groups. The mean antischistosomal antibody titres were significantly higher in the schistosomal group than in those with TSS but there was no difference in the antimalarial antibody titres. These results emphasise the problems of diagnosis of gross splenomegaly in areas where schistosomiasis and malaria coexist.
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PMID:Serum immunoglobulin concentrations, malarial and schistosomal antibodies in patients with massive splenomegaly in Malawi. 39 37

In schistosomiasis mansoni, the pathogenesis of hepatosplenic disease has been shown to be due primarily to immune mechanisms. The present study was designed to examine the relationship between the development of schistosomal hepatosplenomegaly in Egyptian school children and the HLA antigens. Two groups of schistosome-infected children with similar fecal egg counts were examined: one group (23 children) had no clinically demonstrable hepatosplenomegaly whereas all the children (28) in the second group suffered from liver enlargement. Furthermore, 13 of the 28 individuals in the latter group had splenomegaly as well. Our results show that hepatosplenomegaly was related to the presence of two HLA antigens: HLA AI and B5. The average relative risk of developing hepatomegaly is 29 for HLA AI and 18.9 for 55.6. Furthermore, the severity of hepatomegaly was correlated with the presence of these two HLA antigens. These findings represent a step toward elucidating the factors controlling the pathogenic mechanisms in human schistosomiasis mansoni.
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PMID:Histocompatibilty-linked susceptibility for hepatospleenomegaly in human schistosomiasis mansoni. 47 1

Seventy-three subjects with primary pneumonia in a hospital in Northern Nigeria were given antibiotics until they had been afebrile for 24 hours. The average duration of therapy was 2.54 days (about 60 hours), which is considerably shorter than the current recommended practice. Subjects with hepatosplenomegalic schistosomiasis and tropical splenomegaly syndrome required antibiotics for a significantly longer period (3.75 days) than those without either of these conditions. Those with an antigenaemia did not require antibiotics for a significantly longer period than those without an antigenaemia. There were no deaths, no increase in morbidity and in virtually all cases complete resolution of the lung lesion occurred within the expected time. It is suggested that in primary pneumonia it is more rational to stop antibiotics after the patient has been afebrile for 24 hours. This leads to a shorter stay in hospital and to the use of less antibiotic.
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PMID:Length of antibiotic therapy in in-patients with primary pneumonias. 49 74

Inocula of S. mansoni and T. gondii well tolerated by albino mice when given singly, were given concomitantly to groups of animals. Few notable effects were observed when toxoplasmosis preceded schistosomiasis, but the S. mansoni leads to T. gondii model, with an interval of 59 days between infections, led to massive mortality, great weight loss and a striking splenomegaly. These findings are very similar to data from previous work on the S. mansoni leads to Trypanosoma cruzi model. The authors believe that other examples of such a type of potentialization should be searched for in human schistosomiasis also.
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PMID:Mortality and other parameters of concomitant infections in albino mice: the Schistosoma-Toxoplasma model. 61 25

Leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) activity and creatinine concentration was estimated in serum of twenty five normal adult subjects, twenty four cases with active urinary bilharziasis, eleven cases with active intestinal bilharziasis, ten cases with mixed bilharzial infection (urinary and intestinal), fourteen bilharzial cases with clinical hepato-splenomegaly of bilharzial etiology, thirteen bilharzial cases with clinical hepatosplenomegaly and ascites, and twelve cases with cancer bladder of bilharzial etiology. Significant elevation in the serum enzyme level was found in all bilharzial cases which generally ran parallel to the course of the disease, being more marked in hepatosplenomegalic cases than in cases which showed no clinical signs of liver or spleen involvement. However, it was observed that the enzyme level was lower ascitic than in nonascitic cases. For serum creatinine concentration, no significant variation from normal value was observed in the group of patients with active urinary, active intestinal, mixed infections of bilharziasis and bilharzial hepatosplenomegalic cases. However, a very highly significant decrease in serum creatinine concentration was observed in the group of patients with bilharzial hepatosplenomegaly and ascites. Serum LAP activity and creatinine concentration in the group of patients with cancer bladder of bilharzial etiology showed no statistical variation from normal values.
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PMID:Leucine aminopeptidase, Significance of serum elevation in bilharziasis. 103 91


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