Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038002 (splenomegaly)
 9,873 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hamartomas of the spleen are rare benign tumours, which are usually asymptomatic, incidental findings at laparotomy or autopsy (Komakl and Gombas, 1976; Brinkley and Lee, 1981; Norowitz and Morehouse, 1989). There are a few well documented reports of symptomatic splenic hamartoma associated with haematological disturbances, marked splenomegaly or even spontaneous rupture that required an emergency operation (Iozzo et al., 1980; Morgenstern et al., 1984). We report a patient with splenic hamartoma who presented with splenomegaly and iron deficiency anaemia. Computed tomographic (CT) and ultrasound (US) evaluation demonstrated an inhomogeneous mass within the enlarged spleen. Malignant melanoma was mistakenly diagnosed by US-guided fine needle aspiration of the mass, and necessitated splenectomy. The final diagnosis was hamartoma of the spleen.
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PMID:Case report: unusual presentation of splenic hamartoma; computed tomography and ultrasonic findings. 160 2

Exposure of mice to diethylstilbestrol (DES) inhibited Propionibacterium acnes-induced antitumor activity in vivo against the B16F10 subcutaneous tumor. The inhibitory effect was associated with inhibition by DES of the characteristic P. acnes induced splenomegaly and changes in splenic and peritoneal macrophages (M phi) cell populations. The characteristic P. acnes induced reductions in M phi alkaline phosphodiesterase I (APD) ectoenzyme activity and in total RNA synthesis, proposed biochemical markers of tumoricidal M phi, were partially or completely reversed in DES-treated mice. As predicted from these in vivo and in vitro results, DES treatment significantly decreased P. acnes activation of M phi antitumor activity in vitro against B16F10 melanoma and Lewis lung carcinoma cells. These data suggest a macrophage activation defect may be involved in the reduced resistance that DES-treated animals exhibit to a variety of neoplastic and microbial challenges.
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PMID:Effects of diethylstilbestrol on Propionibacterium acnes immunomodulation: inhibition of macrophage activation and antitumor activity. 243 37

The production of colony-stimulating factor (CSF) by murine transformed cells was investigated in 10 cell lines derived from spontaneous or chemically induced tumours and from cells transformed by SV40 or Moloney-MSV; histologic types included carcinomas, sarcomas and melanoma. Nine of 10 supernatants contained CSF activity as judged by in vitro proliferation and differentiation of normal murine monocytic and granulocytic progenitors in agar cultures. Tumours induced with CSF-producing cells caused alterations of haemopoiesis which can include leukocytosis, granulocytosis and splenomegaly. Haemopoietic alterations were also evident in the absence of a local tumour in mice bearing large experimental lung metastases. Production of CSF seems to be a frequent finding among murine cell lines, and its biological and immunological consequences on host-tumour relationships should be taken into account.
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PMID:In vivo and in vitro production of haemopoietic colony-stimulating activity by murine cell lines of different origin: a frequent finding. 280 50

Intraperitoneal administration of Corynebacterium parvum to BALB/c, C57Bl/6 or C3H/HeJ mice lead to the induction of elevated levels of neutral proteinase activity (125I-caseinolytic activity) similar to those observed previously in animals bearing the BCL1 leukemia or the B16-F10 melanoma. Enhanced activity reached a peak at 7-14 days postinjection of the C. parvum and then gradually returned to normal levels by 20-25 days postinjection. Increased plasma proteinase activity could be induced by C. parvum whole cells or the pyridine extract residue of C. parvum but not by BCG or the pyridine extract of C. parvum. BCG did not interfere with the induction of elevated levels of activity by C. parvum. Splenectomized animals responded the same as normal mice indicating that the splenomegaly accompanying the onset of increased plasma proteinase activity was not responsible for the changes. Administration of C. parvum via a subcutaneous site rather than intraperitoneally failed to induce systemic changes in proteinase activity while still inducing splenomegaly. Treatment of animals with C. parvum before or after transplantation of the BCL1 leukemia or the B16-F10 melanoma failed to alter the course of the disease or enhance the increased proteinase activity of plasma over that observed in plasma from animals bearing tumors alone. These observations support the hypothesis that the induction of disturbances in plasma proteinase activity in tumor-bearing animals is due to alterations in host systems and that C. parvum, in contrast to BCG, contains components which can mimic the effect of some tumors on host systems.
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PMID:Corynebacterium parvum, but not BCG, induces elevations in plasma proteinase activity similar to those observed in tumor-bearing mice. 329 43

The effects of tuftsin and steroids (methyl prednisolone) on the induction of disrupted plasma proteinase regulation in mice bearing the B16 melanoma or treated with Corynebacterium parvum was investigated. Tuftsin treatment inhibited tumor progression only if treatment was started at the time of tumor transplantation. However, tuftsin inhibited the development of splenomegaly in mice with established tumors. In contrast, tuftsin did not influence either the induction of elevated plasma proteinase activity or the activity in plasma from animals with established tumors. Treatment of mice with high, anti-inflammatory, doses of steroid (20 mg/kg/day) partially inhibited tumor progression, inhibited the induction of splenomegaly, but did not inhibit the induction of disrupted plasma proteinase regulation. Likewise, steroid treatment did not suppress the induction of elevated plasma proteinase activity following treatment of mice with C. parvum. Thus the induction of elevated plasma proteinase activity, previously demonstrated to be a host regulated phenomenon, is resistant to regulation by this anti-inflammatory drug and likely not a component of the anti-tumor response. These findings raise the possibility that this phenomenon results from the interaction of activated RES elements with components of the plasma proteinase cascades.
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PMID:Steroids and tuftsin fail to prevent the induction of altered plasma proteinase homeostasis in mice bearing the B16 melanoma or treated with C. parvum. 331 18

The effects of a combined dietary restriction of tyrosine and phenylalanine on metastasis were investigated with the use of 3 rodent tumor cell lines: B16-bladder 6 (BL6) melanoma inoculated into (C57BL/6 X DBA/2)F1 mice, Lewis lung (3LL) carcinoma inoculated into C57BL/6 mice, and RT7-4bs hepatocarcinoma inoculated into BD-IV rats. When examined for effects on spontaneous metastasis, dietary restriction of tyrosine and phenylalanine had no effect on metastasis to draining lymph nodes in either BL6 or 3LL tumors. However, the restriction did reduce metastasis of RT7-4bs cells to draining lymph nodes by 60%. In all tumor systems, the dietary restriction effectively inhibited the subsequent growth of lymph node tumors. The most marked effect of the dietary restriction was on spontaneous hematogenous metastasis, which was almost totally blocked for BL6 cells and was reduced by 85% for RT7-4bs cells. Tumor-associated splenomegaly also was completely inhibited in 3LL tumor-bearing mice. The selective dietary amino acid restriction failed to reduce initial lung colonization in the experimental metastasis assay but clearly inhibited subsequent tumor outgrowth in the lungs. These findings demonstrate that modification of host nutritional status by restriction of the dietary intake of tyrosine and phenylalanine exerts a dramatic antimetastatic effect directed particularly on spontaneous hematogenous metastasis. Although the preliminary data suggest a primary modulating effect on tumor cell populations growing in diet-restricted animals to reduce inherent metastatic ability, the actual mechanisms remain to be defined.
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PMID:Dietary restriction of tyrosine and phenylalanine: inhibition of metastasis of three rodent tumors. 347 May 51

When a methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma, BMT-11, and its eight clones were transplanted subcutaneously into syngeneic C57BL/6 mice, leukemoid reaction characterized by a progressive increase in peripheral white blood cells (WBC) and splenomegaly was observed as the tumors grew. The WBC count reached about 40-fold of normal level and more than 90% of them were found to be polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). The increase in WBC was correlated with tumor size and its count decreased to normal level within 7 days after surgical excision of subcutaneous tumors. Moreover, a high level of colony-stimulating-factor was detected in the supernatant of BMT-11 culture. I have exploited such "granulocytosis-positive" mice to examine the influence of PMN on the metastatic colonization of tumor cells. The number of B16 melanoma lung colonies detected after intravenous (i.v.) injection was significantly higher in BMT-11 tumor-bearing mice with granulocytosis than in control mice. Retention of 125IUdR-labeled B16 cells 24 hr after the i.v. injection was 3 to 10 times greater in mice with granulocytosis than in controls. Either simultaneous injection, or preinjection of PMN with B16 cells, increased the lung-colonizing capacity of B16 melanoma cells. These results suggest that abnormally increased numbers of PMN in the peripheral blood can enhance the ability of tumor cells to metastasize.
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PMID:[A study on the augmentation of experimental tumor metastasis in mice with granulocytosis]. 349 81

C57B1/6 mice bearing the B16-F1 melanoma, an invasive variant (BL6) or a highly 'metastatic' variant (B16-F10) were found to develop elevated levels (200-300% of control) of neutral proteinase activity in their plasma during the progression of the disease. The magnitude of the level of proteinase activity detected was not dependent on tumor burden. Similar elevations in activity were detected with all 3 variants when they were transplanted either subcutaneously or intraperitoneally. However, transplantation of the B16-F10 line to the anterior chamber of the eye did not induce elevated plasma proteinase activity. Animals bearing intraocular tumors developed splenomegaly and lived the same length of time as animals bearing intraperitoneal or subcutaneous tumors. The development of increased levels of activity appeared to occur equally in male and female mice and was not dependent on the presence of a spleen, which undergoes enlargement during the disease process. These various lines of evidence support the hypothesis that the elevated level of plasma proteinase activity observed in melanoma-bearing mice is regulated by the host.
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PMID:Evidence that the elevated levels of proteinase activity in the plasma of melanoma-bearing mice may be of host origin. 351 6

Metastasis to the spleen from various neoplasms is very rare. Most of the splenic metastases are found at autopsy, and are part of a widespread disease. Four patients had cervical cancer (1 patient), endometrial cancer (1 patient), lung carcinoma (1 patient), and malignant melanoma (1 patient). All patients had splenic involvement without pathologic evidence of lymph node metastasis, and all underwent splenectomy. Three of the four presented with painful splenomegaly. The time from diagnosis to the development of splenic metastasis varied from 20 to 24 months. Two of the four patients had postoperative radiotherapy, one patient received intraperitoneal chemotherapy, and the patient with the melanoma received adjuvant chemotherapy. The rarity of solitary spleen metastasis from solid tumors and the treatment modalities are discussed.
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PMID:Splenomegaly and solitary spleen metastasis in solid tumors. 358 Oct 23

Immunotherapeutic agents are often reported to induce opposite effects -- inhibitory and stimulatory -- on tumor growth, depending on the dose, timing or route of administration of the drug. The reason underlying these opposite effects is not yet known. The immunomodulatory polysaccharide levan (polyfructose) has been found to exert such opposite effects on the growth of the F10 variant of B16 melanoma. Low doses inhibit and high doses enhance tumor growth. Cyclophosphamide (CY) augment the inhibitory effect of levan. In order to clarify the mechanism of this switch, we tried in the present study to determine the changes induced by levan at inhibitory and stimulatory treatments, alone or with CY, on the morphology of spleens and lymph nodes of the melanoma-bearing mice. The growth of the tumor in non-treated mice was found to induce a moderate splenomegaly. Microscopically, two main changes were observed: a mild extramedullary hematopoiesis and a sharp increase in the number of germinal centers. A parallel increase in germinal center number was found in the lymph nodes. The data presented suggest that the immune system plays a role in both the inhibition and stimulation of tumor growth by levan. Levan induced a dose dependent splenomegaly, even more pronounced in combination with CY, due to an extramedullary hematopoiesis. Levan reduced the B cell activity caused by the tumor, proportionally to its dose. In combination with CY, levan accelerated the recovery of the B cell activity at the low dose, while the high dose prevented it. A similar trend was found in the lymph nodes. The changes involved in the switch inhibition-stimulation could be either the degree of reduction in B cell activity or the degree of extramedullary hematopoiesis or some interplay between the myelocytic and lymphocytic series, which was found to change in an opposite fashion under the influence of various treatments. Since the immune system is a finely equilibrated system, it is possible that immunomodulation rather than immunostimulation should be aimed at in cancer immunotherapy. However, the conditions required for achieving this equilibrium have to be defined.
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PMID:Effect of tumor inhibitory and stimulatory doses of levan, alone and in combination with cyclophosphamide, on spleen and lymph nodes. 374 40


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