Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038002 (splenomegaly)
 9,873 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus are prone to a wide variety of lymphoproliferative disorders. In these patients the clinical presentation of malignant lymphoma often overlaps with that of benign lymphoid proliferations. Both may include lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, blood and bone marrow dyscrasias, and lymphocyte-rich effusions. Because benign and malignant lymphocyte-rich effusions, as well as effusions from other malignancies, may contain large cells that resemble immunoblasts or Burkitt's cells, cytomorphologic characteristics alone are unreliable for definitive diagnosis of malignant lymphoma. Usual immunotyping panels using antibodies to B- and T-cell markers frequently fail to demonstrate cell lineage in lymphoma cells of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The authors used gene rearrangement to confirm the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma in effusions from three patients with AIDS when routine cell marker studies failed to demonstrate cell lineage or clonality. Use of biotinylated probes eliminated the need for handling radioactive material and enabled performance of studies in a routine immunohistochemistry laboratory.
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PMID:Diagnosis of malignant lymphoma in effusions from patients with AIDS by gene rearrangement. 237 71

A genetically reshaped human IgG1 monoclonal antibody (CAMPATH-1H) was used to treat two patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Doses of 1-20 mg daily were given intravenously for up to 43 days. In both patients lymphoma cells were cleared from the blood and bone marrow and splenomegaly resolved. One patient had lymphadenopathy which also resolved. These effects were achieved without myelosuppression, and normal haemopoeisis was restored during the course of treatment, partially in one patient and completely in the other. No antiglobulin response was detected in either patient. CAMPATH-1H is a potent lympholytic antibody which might have an important use in the treatment of lymphoproliferative disorders and additionally as an immunosuppressive agent.
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PMID:Remission induction in non-Hodgkin lymphoma with reshaped human monoclonal antibody CAMPATH-1H. 290 26

A 54-year-old man had intermittent evening fever, arthralgia, transient erythematous macular eruption on the skin, and splenomegaly of two year's duration. Immunofluorescence tests for Borrelia burgdorferi serum antibodies had positive results, but G-penicillin treatment was ineffective. Splenectomy with lymph node biopsy was performed to rule out lymphoproliferative disorders. Borrelia-like spirochetes were identified histologically in the spleen; this finding was consistent with persistence of B. burgdorferi organisms in inner organs in chronic Lyme disease.
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PMID:Spirochetes in the spleen of a patient with chronic Lyme disease. 291 19

Herpesvirus sylvilagus infection of cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus) was studied as a model of herpesvirus-induced lymphoproliferative disorders. Leukocytosis, splenomegaly, proliferation of T cells and virus production by lymphocytes characterized this infectious mononucleosis-like disease. Approximately two copies of circular herpesvirus sylvilagus genomes per cell were detected in spleen cells at 2 weeks postinfection, and circular genomes could still be observed after 4 months. Circular viral genomes were found in both B and T lymphocytes. Small amounts of linear viral DNA (0.1 to 0.3 copies per cell) were also detected in both B and T cells. These results indicated that the virus did not replicate in the majority of lymphocytes in vivo. Herpesvirus sylvilagus infection in cottontail rabbits could be useful as a model for studying the complex virus-host relationships of lymphotropic herpesviruses and perhaps as an animal model for Epstein-Barr virus infection in humans.
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PMID:Herpesvirus sylvilagus infects both B and T lymphocytes in vivo. 299 67

HCL is a well-recognized entity among the lymphoproliferative disorders. With better appreciation of the wide variability in its clinical and hematologic manifestations, some authors have proposed several subtypes of HCL such as leukopenic and nonleukopenic subtypes and subtypes with and without massive splenomegaly. As opposed to such a clinical and hematologic variability, the pathology of HCL in the spleen and bone marrow is consistent and highly characteristic. Since the spleen becomes available for pathologic examination only after therapeutic splenectomy, the bone marrow pathology often plays the most important role in the differential diagnosis of HCL. It is characterized by focal or diffuse mononuclear cell infiltration with a wide spacing between individual nuclei in most patients and by a severely hypocellular marrow with individual hairy cells infiltrating between the marrow fat cells in the remaining minority of patients. The bone marrow biopsy also serves as one of the criteria in selecting the therapeutic modality as well as monitoring the therapeutic effect. Further, new insights into the pathogenesis of HCL are emerging from recent studies of the bone marrow microenvironment.
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PMID:Bone marrow in hairy cell leukemia. 306 20

B6-lpr/lpr mice develop massive T cell lymphoproliferation, as associated with autoimmune disease. We found a reduced NK activity in the spleen of B6-lpr/lpr mice. Neonatal thymectomy markedly retarded the development of lymphoproliferation and the development of autoantibodies in the B6-lpr/lpr mice. These animals had a higher level of NK activity in the spleen. When the neonatally thymectomized B6-lpr/lpr mice were given anti-asialo GM1 serum (30 microliter) four times at 6-day intervals, initiated at the 8th-10th postnatal week, these mice developed lymphoproliferative disorders and splenomegaly, concomitantly with depression of NK activity. It is therefore tempting to speculate that NK cells are involved in the regulation of the occurrence of lymphoproliferative disorders.
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PMID:Does depression of NK activity cause lymphadenopathy in lpr mice? 326 41

Certain lymphoproliferative disorders (Burkitt's lymphoma, tropical splenomegaly, and Mediterranean lymphoma) are more frequently observed in the tropical or subtropical areas than in other parts of the world. The polymicrobial exposure of human beings in those areas to viral, bacterial and protozoal infections led to the assumption of a specific connection between these conditions and the lymphoproliferative disease. Some evidence has accumulated that the Epstein-Barr virus might be an oncogenic virus connected with the development of Burkitt's lymphoma. Repeated plasmodial infections were more tenuously thought to be associated with tropical splenomegaly and, similarly, Giardia lamblia or Vibrio cholerae infections with immunoproliferative small-intestinal disease. However, those connections are only speculative and by no means proven. Small-intestinal lymphoma represents an example of a wide spectrum of manifestations covering autonomous pre-malignant immunoproliferative stages, als well as the full-blown malignant stages. Polyclonal activation and proliferation of B-lymphocytes, as well as concomitant immunosuppression are the characteristic features of the pre-malignant situation and may be the basis for the malignant transformation of single cells. Thus, the final clinical picture resembles that of a malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
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PMID:[Lymphatic diseases specific to the tropics (Burkitt's lymphoma, tropical splenomegaly and Mediterranean lymphoma)]. 608 44

We report on a patient with a bone marrow plasmacell infiltration, since this case displays some outstanding clinical and laboratory features: the presence of massive splenomegaly and the absence of bone lesions; the cytoplasmic heavy chain type mu, without any light chain detectable by immunofluorescence (IF); the non secretory feature of this plasma cell proliferation. The position of such an entity within the spectrum of B-lymphoproliferative disorders, from mu heavy chain disease to non secretory IgM myeloma, is discussed.
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PMID:[Non-secretory myeloma of heavy mu-chain type]. 640 8

Seven patients are presented with a chronic lymphoproliferative disorder characterized clinically by splenomegaly, no or discrete lymphnode enlargement, and a varying degree of cytopenia. In blood and bone-marrow smears lymphoid cells of "hairy" appearance are demonstrable which may contain tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. The finding of a nodular bone-marrow infiltration without fibrosis as well as that of a nodular infiltration of the spleen originating in the white pulp are incompatible with the diagnosis hairy-cell leukemia and place the disease near to chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or leukemic immunocytoma respectively. A detailed cytologic and cytochemical examination of the infiltrating cells shows deviations from the typical enzymatic pattern of hairy cells and from known enzymatic constellations in CLL and related lymphoproliferative disorders. Thus, we are dealing with an intermediate form, difficult to classify, the separation of which nevertheless seems to be important for therapeutical reasons.
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PMID:[Chronic lymphoproliferative disorder resembling hairy-cell leukemia (author's transl)]. 724 28

Increased numbers of bone marrow mast cells were found in 45 (2.2%) of 2,000 bone marrow specimens obtained from patients who had hematologic disorders. Mast cells were most frequently seen in the marrows of patients who had preleukemic syndromes, lymphoproliferative disorders, and acute leukemia. The 16 patients who had preleukemic syndromes included those with refractory sideroblastic and megaloblastic anemia (with or without an excess of blasts), idiopathic pancytopenia or pure erythrocytic aplasia, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, idiopathic refractory neutropenia, agranulocytosis or thrombocytopenia, and persistent eosinophilia. Five of the seven patients who had acute leukemia had nonlymphoblastic leukemia; two had blastic crisis of chronic granulocytic leukemia. Of the 13 patients who had lymphoproliferative disorders, eight had chronic lymphocytic leukemia, three had macroglobulinemia, and two had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Three patients who had chronic renal failure associated with severe anemia and two who had chronic liver disease, splenomegaly, or hypersplenism were also encountered. In this study there appeared to be a consistent relationship between the presence of increased numbers of mast cells and the lymphocyte and plasma cell counts in the bone marrow. The significance of the presence of secondary mastocytosis in premalignant lesions, neoplasia, and, in particular, lympho- and myeloproliferative disorders, is still unclear.
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PMID:Increased bone marrow mast cells in preleukemic syndromes, acute leukemia, and lymphoproliferative disorders. 745 27


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