Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038002 (splenomegaly)
 9,873 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Type C RNA viruses can be induced by certain chemicals from cells of many mouse strains. Both C58 and BALB/c cells have been shown to contain endogenous viruses that are designated N-tropic because they grow preferentially in cells of NIH Swiss mouse origin. While demonstrating many similar biological and immunological properties, the C58-induced virus is around 10-fold more infectious per physical particle than the N-tropic virus of BALB/c cells. In the present studies, inoculation of these viruses into newborn NIH Swiss mice led to the development of diseases associated with splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy at similar frequency in each group. The disease induced by C58-MuLV was histophathologically diagnosed as lymphoblastic leukemia and was highly malignant following transplantation into newborn mice. The histopathological appearance of spleens from BALB/c virus-affected animals was distinguishable, demonstrating instead myeloid metaplasia or myelogenous leukemia. These findings provide evidence that different endogenous mouse type C viruses can induce distinct diseases in the same mouse strain. Furthermore, they implicate the N-tropic virus endogenous to C58 cells as a major factor in the development of lymphoblastic leukemia that occurs at high frequency in that strain.
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PMID:Different hematological diseases induced by type C viruses chemically activated from embryo cells of different mouse strains. 4 91

Five cases of atypical lymphocytic leukemia were investigated with regard to their membrane-associated light chains. Detection and quantitation of antigenic determinants were performed by means of peroxidase-labeled antibodies according to Avrameas et al. The cases studied had clinical and cytologic features in common: an active clinical course, marked splenomegaly, severe anemia and thrombocytopenia, little or no lymph node enlargement, and very high white blood counts with small mature lymphocytes and poorly differentiated lymphoid cells. Blood lymphocytes of all patients carried a single type of light chain, and 90%-100% of the cells were stained. The average number of antigenic sites per cell was 72,500 (range 40,000-97,500). These results differed from those previously found in typical CLL (mean value 9000) and approached the values of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes (90,000). The criteria investigated in this study could be of value for the diagnosis and prognosis of some atypical forms of lymphocytic leukemia.
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PMID:Comparison of normal and chronic lymphocytic leukemia lymphocyte surface Ig determinants using peroxidase-labeled antibodies. II. quantification of light chain determinants in atypical lymphocytic leukemia. 6 Oct 49

On a prospective fashion during approximately two years, 22 pediatric patients with acute non lymphocytic leukemia were evaluated. Of this population the majority had acute mielocytic leukemia, followed by acute myelomonocytic leukemia. Absolutely all patients at the time of diagnosis and subsequently every 4 to 6 weeks had a bone marrow aspiration test. When the patients were first seen, 54% of them presented fever; lymph node enlargement was not a common finding. Only few of this patients presented splenomegaly and/or hepatomegaly. In regards to complete blood counts the most outstanding of its was the presence of leukocyte count above 20000/mm.3 in 8 of this patients. From the 22 patients studied only 21 are evaluable. All 21 patients were treated with a 4 drug combination (modified COAP). Sixteen patients (76%) achieved bone marrow remission, of which only 15 patients (71%) achieved complete remission. The median duration remission was of 9.2 months with a range of 2 to 26 months. At the present time only 7 patients (33%) are alive and on remission. Two more patients are alive but in full relapse. The mortality rate of this study is of 59%. The review of recent chemotherapy reports is presented and the need for further trials is emphasized especially in view of recent papers published in which it appears that better results are being obtained at last in children's acute non lymphocitic leukemia.
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PMID:[Results of the treatment of nonlymphoblastic acute leukemia in a pediatric population]. 27 Sep 99

Male BALB/c mice that received prophylactic iv treatment with pyran had significantly enhanced splenomegaly, an increased number of splenic foci induced by the spleen focus forming virus (SFFV) in the Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MuLV) complex, and a slightly decreased mean survival time as compared with untreated controls infected with F-MuLV. A corresponding increase in the lymphatic leukemia virus component of the F-MuLV complex was not observed, which suggests that the enhancement of the disease was due primarily to a selective increase in the SFFV component of the F-MuLV complex. That the enhancement was related to an increased number of target cells for SFFV was substantiated by data concerning erythropoiesis in iv pyran-treated animals. Increases in splenic hematocrits and in uptake of 59Fe in the spleens of animals treated iv with pyran provided quantitative evidence for the histologic finding of increased erythroid precursors in the spleens.
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PMID:Enhancement of erythroid target cells for Friend murine leukemia virus by intravenous pyran treatment. 28 1

Hyperviscosity syndrome was associated with increased plasma content of monoclonal immunoglobulin (IgA or IgM) in 3 dogs with lymphocytic leukemia. The diagnosis of lymphocytic leukemia was based on the finding of a large number of mature lymphocytes in the blood and bone marrow. The clinical signs included weakness, lethargy, depression, and coughing due to congestive heart failure. Consistent physical findings were splenomegaly, with or without peripheral lymphadenopathy, and funduscopic abnormalities. Of the 2 dogs treated successfully with chlorambucil, 1 remains in remission after withdrawal of the drug for over 1 year.
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PMID:Hyperviscosity syndrome associated with lymphocytic leukemia in three dogs. 40 53

Enzymaticaly homogeneous fractions of lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils were isolated by zonal centrifugation from peripheral blood of a patient with hairy cell leukemia, or leukemic reticuloendotheliosis, LRE,(with leukopenia, neutropenia, lymphocytosis, and massive splenomegaly). To detect enzymatic deficiencies, the cells were analyzed quantitatively for six leukocytic enzymes on three occasions: 1) before splenectomy, 2) 5 days after splenectomy, and 3) 6 weeks after splenectomy. Before splenectomy, the patient's cells showed moderate deficiency of beta-glucuronidase in lymphocytes and monocytes; server to modorate deficiency of lysozyme and myeloperoxidase in monocytes and granulocytes; and complete absence of neutral protease and alkaline phosphates in neutrophils. Full restoration of neutral protease and a three-fold rise in alkaline phosphatase activities occurred in the patient's neutrophils 5 days after splenectomy. Lysozyme and myeloperoxidase returned to normal in both monocytes and neutrophils of the patient. Six weeks following splenectomy, the alkaline phosphatase activity again disappeared from patient's neutrophils, although neutral protease remained normal. The patient's lymphocytes were unresponsive to PHA and PW mitogen before splenectomy but became responsive 6 weeks postoperatively. Monocytic transfomation into macrophges was supressed before and after splenectomy. The findings indicate that developmenally, in lymphocytic leukemia, a biochemical defect involves the patient's monocytes and neutrophils much more severely than it affects the leukemic lymphocytes. Functionally, the results partly explain the susceptibility of LRE patients to microbial infections.
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PMID:Absence of neutral protease and alkaline phosphatase in neutrophils of a case of hairy cell leukemia. 43 13

Treatment of mice with the immunomodulator pyran copolymer inhibited leukemogenesis produced by Friend leukemia virus (FLV) complex, as evidenced by inhibition of the spleen focus-forming virus and lymphatic leukemia virus, as well as by a significant decrease in splenomegaly. In this report we present data suggesting that the protective effect of pyran is mediated by macrophages. Protection was conferred on normal recipient mice when peritoneal exudate cells from pyran-treated mice were transferred to recipient mice infected 24 hr later with FLV. Animals receiving pyran-activated peritoneal cells had a significant reduction of splenomegaly and of titers of spleen focus-forming virus and lymphatic leukemia virus than did control animals. In contrast, when glycogen-elicited peritoneal exudate cells were transferred, the mice were not protected. Pyran-activated peritoneal cells, but not normal peritoneal cells, also inhibited FLV growth in vitro. Serum from pyran-treated, but not glycogen-treated, mice also transferred resistance to FLV-infected mice.
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PMID:Cellular and serum involvement in protection against Friend leukemia virus. 90 40

Peripheral blood samples from 148 previously untreated patients with chronic B-lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) were analyzed with the Technicon H*1 flow cytometer. The absolute number and the percentage values of both LUCs (large unstained cells) and blasts were correlated with survival, as well as with well-known prognostic factors including morphological subtypes of lymphoid cells. Results showed that patients at the most advanced clinical stages (Rai: III and IV; Binet: C) had the highest percentage and count of both LUCs and blasts. Furthermore, the proportion of LUC positively correlated with the following prognostic factors: peripheral lymphocytosis (greater than 50 x 10(9)/l); marked splenomegaly (greater than 10 cm UCM); % of circulating prolymphocytes, % immunoblasts, and % LGL. Our data analysis further revealed that chemotherapy produced a greater reduction of both the LUCs and of the blast count than of that of small lymphocytes. An increase in LUC count was found to coincide with deterioration of clinical status (progressive changes in the clinical stages, occurrence of prolymphocytoid transformation). A rapid increase in blast count was found to occur in concomitance with the development of Richter's syndrome, and correlated positively with the number of peripheral immunoblasts determined by light microscopy. Moreover, a blast percentage higher than 7% had the strongest predictive relation to survival rate when compared with other hematological parameters (lymphocytosis greater than 50 x 10(9)/l, % of LUCs greater than 12%, LUC to lymphocyte ratio greater than 16%, LUCs count greater than 2.2 x 10(9)/l). In the light of these findings, it may be suggested that the presence both of larger proportions of LUCs and of blasts measured with the flow cytometry may be considered unfavorable prognostic factors in B-CLL. However, based on morphological and multivariate statistical analyses, the blast count proved to be the most important prognostic parameter determined by the H*1 system in B-CLL.
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PMID:Flow cytochemical analysis of peripheral lymphocytes in chronic B-lymphocytic leukemia. Prognostic role of the blast count determined by the H*1 system and its correlation with morphologic features. 163 82

Ultrasonographic examination of the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space was performed in 102 patients with acute leukemia (AL) of whom 70 suffered acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) while the other 32--acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). All the patients were divided into 3 groups: primary-active disease, complete clinical and hematological remission and patients in relapse. Group 1 revealed hepato- and splenomegaly as well as changes in the ultrasonographic structure of these organs, whatever type of leukemia. Half the ANLL patients had tumor in the abdominal cavity, and splenic changes were more apparent in them. Ultrasonography was shown to be instrumental in evaluating clinical and hematological response, timely diagnosis of slightest hepato- and splenomegaly and detection of changes in the structure of the organs as well as abdominal lymph node hyperplasia. Echography should be also recommended for monitoring the course of leukemia, response and morphologic and functional status of the viscera throughout the disease. Ultrasonography should find wide application in leukemia studies to increase our knowledge of the disease.
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PMID:[The importance of sonography in the diagnosis of extramedullary hematopoietic foci in acute leukemia]. 166 97

From a nucleus of Sprague-Dawley rats received in 1960 from the National Institutes of Health, we have raised, by brother-to-sister mating, a colony of these animals. The incidence of leukemia in 313 females and 316 males was 1.6% and 1.2%, respectively. About 3 years ago, we observed a relatively high incidence of leukemia in offspring of a healthy female, no. 1. Among the offspring of this female, observed through 12 successive generations, there were 17 leukemias among 44 females (38.6%) and 21 leukemias among 40 males (52.5%), developing at ages varying from 6 to 11.6 months. The most frequent form of leukemia observed was acute myeloid, with a high count of myeloblasts, promyelocytes, and myelocytes; lymphatic form was relatively rare but was observed occasionally; pronounced anemia was common. In most instances, on autopsy, the pathological picture was that of an enlarged spleen and liver, with the exception of those few animals that developed lymphatic leukemia, with thymic and mesenteric lymphoid tumors. We have no satisfactory explanation for this sudden, unexpected conversion of a part of our Sprague-Dawley rat colony from low-leukemic to high-leukemic inbred line. As a working hypothesis, the possibility of a spontaneous activation of a hypothetical oncogenic virus should be considered. The high leukemic C58 inbred line of mice originated in a similar, unexplained manner [MacDowell, E.C. & Richter, M.N. (1935) Arch. Pathol. 20, 709-724]. However, leukemia developing in mice was subsequently found to be caused by a transmissible virus, whereas, thus far at least, no evidence of a transmissible virus has been found in leukemia developing spontaneously in rats.
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PMID:Unexpected, spontaneous conversion of a family of rats, from low-leukemic to high-leukemic inbred line. 200 45


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