Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038002 (splenomegaly)
 9,873 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

3-Deazaguanine (ICN 4221), 3-deazaguanosine (ICN 4793), and 3-deazaguanylic acid (ICN 5412) represent a new class of synthetic guanine analogs having antiviral activity. In vitro, nine ribonucleic acid and seven deoxyribonucleic acid viruses were inhibited, including influenza, parainfluenza, rhino-, vesicular stomatitis, adeno-, herpes-, cytomegalo-, vaccinia, pseudorabies, and myxoma viruses. They were effective orally against influenza types A and B and parainfluenza type 1 (Sendai) virus infections in mice, with a therapeutic index of 16 against the latter two viruses. The course of herpes encephalitis was altered only when the drugs were applied directly into the brain. In addition, these drugs were effective inhibitors of Friend leukemia virus-induced splenomegaly in mice; treatment also produced extensions of life in these animals.
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PMID:Antiviral activity of 3-deazaguanine, 3-deazaguanosine, and 3-deazaguanylic acid. 19 46

Thirteen patients (mean age 60.7 years; female:male ratio 10:3) with essential thrombocythaemia were treated with 3 million units (MU)/day interferon alfa-2b subcutaneously (s.c.) for 12 weeks, with all patients requiring a dose reduction after 4 weeks. The mean pretreatment platelet count was 1,400 x 10(9)/L and megakaryocytes were increased in all cases. Splenomegaly was present in six patients and haemorrhagic phenomena were observed in two. Nine patients (69.2%) had objective responses, including two (15.4%) complete responses (platelets less than 450 x 10(9)/L) which were then maintained with 5 MU interferon twice a week. Acute toxicity consisted of flu-like symptoms in 12 patients. Chronic toxicity (mainly leucopenia) was observed in nine patients. In conclusion, initial therapy and then requiring maintenance therapy at a reduced dose. However, the frequent side effects observed make it advisable to use a low dose of interferon alfa-2b, and to treat only those patients with significant symptoms and signs of thrombocytosis.
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PMID:alpha Interferon in the management of essential thrombocythaemia. 179 86

A 37 year old male developed fever for 20 days, along with headache, anorexia, malaise, sweating, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. At this stage, Ag p24 was positive and anti HIV was negative. The patient recovered fully but 6 months later positive HIV titers were demonstrated by immunofluorescence and Western-blot. A retrospective diagnosis of acute retroviral syndrome was made. The difficult differential diagnosis with infectious mononucleosis, cytomegalovirus, measles, rubella, toxoplasmosis and influenza is discussed. Thus, anti HIV antigenemia should be investigated in any patient with a mononucleosis like syndrome belonging in a high risk group for AIDS, even if Paul-Bunnell-Davidson or IgG anti VCA-EB reactions are positive.
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PMID:[Acute retroviral syndrome]. 182 45

Sore throats are most commonly due to infections, many of which are viral and do not require specific treatment. Symptoms and signs of the common cold, influenza or croup, the occurrence of conjunctivitis in some adenoviral infections, generalised lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly in glandular fever or the presence of vesicles characteristic of herpangina (Coxsackie A virus) or of herpes simplex infection, occasionally enable a clinical diagnosis and avoid the need for antibiotic therapy. In the case of treatable conditions a typical membrane may suggest diphtheria, a scarlatiniform rash infection due to Streptococcus pyogenes or to Corynebacterium haemolyticum, and a cherry-red epiglottis Haemophilus influenzae type b. Associated atypical pneumonia suggests infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae or Chlamydia pneumoniae. Pharyngitis due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae may be accompanied by infection at other sites or by other sexually transmitted diseases. Candidal infection, in the appropriate clinical circumstance, should suggest HIV infection. Surgical drainage is required in the case of peritonsillar or retropharyngeal abscess. Noninfectious cases of sore throat, e.g. thyroiditis, are relatively uncommon considerations in the differential diagnosis of acute febrile pharyngitis. The most common problem is to recognise streptococcal pharyngitis, which requires antibiotic treatment for 10 days to avoid the risk of rheumatic fever.
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PMID:The sore throat. When to investigate and when to prescribe. 207

Listeria monocytogenes can cause sepsis and meningitis during the neonatal period. Six cases of early onset neonatal sepsis caused by Listeria monocytogenes are reported here. These cases were diagnosed in a private hospital at Santiago, Chile from December 1984 throughout November 1986. The incidence rate was 1.4 x 1,000 liveborns. Clinical findings included prematurity (6), meconium stained amniotic fluid (6), hepatomegaly (6), splenomegaly (6), maculopapular exanthem (4), anal prolapse (3) and meningitis (1). Additionally 5 patients developed respiratory distress and 4 required ventilatory support. Overall mortality was 50% (3/6). All deaths were related to respiratory failure and occurred during the first week of disease. All patients received ampicillin and amikacin early in the course of their infection. Listeriosis of the newborn infant might be preventable by prompt recognition and treatment of maternal infections. Since Listeria infection in pregnancy is usually mild and symptoms and signs are nonspecific, prevention may be difficult. Pregnant women with fever of no clear origin or with an influenza like syndrome should be screened for listeriosis with cultures from blood, vagina and cervix samples.
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PMID:[Early onset neonatal septicemia caused by Listeria monocytogenes]. 215 19

Forty cases of imported malaria (1978 to 1988) are reviewed and management principles are discussed. All 15 cases of Plasmodium falciparum malaria were acquired in Africa, 5 of which were probably chloroquine-resistant. Most cases of Plasmodium vivax (80%) were acquired on the Indian subcontinent, including 2 cases of congenital malaria. Six children developed P. falciparum malaria despite chemoprophylaxis. All children had a history of fever, usually with other influenza-like symptoms. Two-thirds had splenomegaly, and one-third were afebrile on admission. Thrombocytopenia (70%) and anemia (70%) were often present. Forty-five percent received previous wrong diagnoses and treatments. Quinine or quinidine with either Fansidar or clindamycin were used to treat P. falciparum malaria. Clindamycin may be more effective if given for 7 instead of 3 days. There were no deaths or residual complications. As the prevalence and severity of drug-resistant P. falciparum spreads, prophylaxis and treatment choices become more difficult. Diagnosis requires a travel history and a high index of suspicion.
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PMID:Review of 40 children with imported malaria. 259 48

A 35-year-old man died suddenly in a clinic waiting area after repeated visits for flu-like symptoms. At autopsy, hemoperitoneum, splenic capsular rupture, and splenomegaly were found. Microscopic examination, special stains, and immunoperoxidase studies revealed findings consistent with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Spontaneous splenic rupture is an unusual presenting feature of chronic myelogenous leukemia. The symptoms of leukemia may mimic those of other "benign" disorders and misdiagnosis may lead to catastrophic consequences in some instances.
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PMID:Splenic rupture as a cause of sudden death in undiagnosed chronic myelogenous leukemia. 317 55

Virazole is a synthetic nucleoside active in tissue culture against at least 16 DNA and RNA viruses. Applied topically, it inhibits herpetic keratitis in rabbits and tail lesions induced by herpes, vaccinia, and vesicular stomatitis viruses in mice. Injected intraperitoneally into mice, it inhibits splenomegaly and hepatomegaly induced by Friend leukemia virus and respiratory infections caused by influenza A(O), A(2), and B viruses and parainfluenza 1 virus. infections is also effective.
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PMID:Broad-spectrum antiviral activity of Virazole: 1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide. 434 Sep 49

Two severe cases of virus A influenza with splenomegaly are reported. An underlying hematological disorder was suspected in both cases but the diagnosis could not be confirmed during the acute infectious episodes. The exact diagnosis was made two years later in the first case and seven years later in the second case. Both patients lead normal lives seven years later. The authors emphasise the similarity between the two cases with severe influenza at a very early stage of the disease when there were no changes in the blood count to explain the immune deficit.
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PMID:[Hairy-cell leukemia heralded by severe influenza. Apropos of 2 similar cases]. 717 Nov 81

In 1985, Cancer and Leukemia Group B initiated a multi-institutional study to define the role of interferon alpha in therapy of previously untreated active hairy cell leukemia (HCL). This is a long-term follow-up report of the study. Fifty-five evaluable patients were treated with recombinant interferon-2b 2 million units/m2 subcutaneously three times a week for 1 year. Treatment was well tolerated; toxicity mainly consisted of flu-like syndrome and pancytopenia, both of a transient nature. Seventy-three percent of patients had objective beneficial responses with 8.3 months median time to achieve at least a partial response (PR). After 1 year of therapy, the patients have been observed for a median of 5 years. There was a continual trend towards relapse throughout this period but 28% have remained in remission beyond 6 years. Forty-six patients (83%) are alive at 6 years. Among the 40 patients who achieved at least a PR, there were 28 with splenomegaly at the beginning of study: the spleen size was reduced in all with interferon alpha therapy and none required splenectomy. This study confirms the results of other investigators, and demonstrates that recombinant alpha interferon-2b is an effective agent for treatment of hairy cell leukemia.
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PMID:Recombinant alpha-2b-interferon in therapy of previously untreated hairy cell leukemia: long-term follow-up results of study by Cancer and Leukemia Group B. 763 Jan 81


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