Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0038002 (splenomegaly)
 9,873 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A personal case series triggers an examination of surgical risk in patients with uncomplicated cirrhosis of the liver. After a general introduction the conditions that increase surgical risk in cirrhotic patients are analysed. These include generally poor resistance, altered haemostasis, a tendency towards cholestasis, water retention and hepatic encephalopathy. The conditions most often requiring surgical treatment are then considered. They include associated pathologies (cholelithiasis, hernias, tooth extractions, bleeding haemorrhoids etc) and complications of cirrhosis variceal bleeding, intractable ascites, splenomegaly, hepatocytoma).
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PMID:[Internal medicine evaluation of the surgical risk in cirrhosis patients]. 382 13

Chronic urticaria is a common clinical disorder that is idiopathic in over 75% of cases. Less commonly, urticaria may be the presenting manifestation of an allergic or infectious disease, endocrinopathy, inherited syndrome, or autoimmune disorder. Rarely, urticaria may be a sign of underlying malignancy, including leukemia. C.C. is a 48-year-old white female who was referred for evaluation of recurrent urticaria for 3 years. The pruritic, erythematous wheals were pinpoint, and appeared to be precipitated by heat, stress, and effort. Prick tests were negative except to D. pteronyssinus. CBCs over the past 5 years revealed WBCs of 2,300-5,000 cells/mm3. Skin biopsy revealed interstitial edema with infiltration of eosinophils and mast cells consistent with urticaria. The impression was probable cholinergic urticaria, for which hydroxyzine was prescribed with fair symptomatic control. One year later, she presented with bright red blood per rectum. Repeat physical examination revealed lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. Subsequent laboratory studies showed pancytopenia. Endoscopy was normal except for small, nonbleeding hemorrhoids. Bone marrow biopsy revealed histologic evidence of hair, cell leukemia that was treated with 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine. Upon initiation of chemotherapy her pruritus and urticaria subsided. Recent CBC revealed Hgb 9.2 g/dL, platelets 290,000 cells/mm3, and WBC 4,100 cells/mm3. Peripheral blood smear showed no hairy cells.
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PMID:Chronic urticaria as a presenting sign of hairy cell leukemia. 1007 10

A 69-year-old man was found to have leukocytosis and a bleeding tendency, when he underwent surgery for hemorrhoids in November 1992, at the age of 69. The patient was referred to our department for further examination, and was admitted on December 4. On admission, he had hepatomegaly (5 cm) and splenomegaly (12 cm). Laboratory data on admission showed that the leukocyte count was 173,400/microliter, erythrocyte count, 314 x 10(4)/microliter, hemoglobin level, 10.5 g/dl, hematocrit value, 29.7%, and platelet count, 14.4 x 10(4)/microliter, respectively. Peripheral hemogram revealed neutrophilia with a shift to the left to promyelocytes, and the positivity of neutrophil alkaline phosphatase (NAP) was very low. The bone marrow was hyperplastic with a high M/E ratio (5.8). As the chromosome analysis revealed that he had 9:22 translocation in all 20 karyotypes, chronic myelogenous leukemia in the chronic phase, was diagnosed. After the daily intramuscular administration of 9 megaunits interferon alpha-2b was started on December 9, 1992, his leukocyte count stabilized between 5,000 and 8,000/microliter. Thereafter, intramuscular administration of IFN alpha has been continued regularly almost twice a week at the outpatient clinic until now. The leukocyte count ranges from 3,000 to 6,000/ml and he is asymptomatic. In April 1995, complete cytogenetic response was achieved 28 months after the start of interferon alpha therapy. The recent bone marrow chromosomes examination showed Philadelphia-negative metaphases until now, December, 2002, although major bcr-abl still remains positive. This case suggests that treatment with interferon alpha may still be useful in some elderly patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia.
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PMID:[Cytogenetic remission 10 years after the start of monotherapy with interferon alpha-2b in elderly chronic myelogenous leukemia]. 1457 25

Increase in portal venous pressure after anatomical or functional obstruction of portal venous system represents the most important complication of liver cirrhosis. Important sequels of portal hypertension are not dependable of etiology of liver disease. They are: increased collateral circulation in portal system and low pressure venous system (esophageal and gastric varices, portal hypertensive gastropathy and colopathy, hemorrhoids, collateral circulation through anterior abdominal wall, increased lymphatic flow, ascites, splenomegaly with occasional hypersplenismus, hepatic encephalopathy, hepatorenal syndrome.
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PMID:[Complications of liver cirrhosis]. 1513 48

A 22-year-old patient attended the urological office with unclear bladder symptoms, haemorrhoids and haematuria. Splenomegaly was detected by ultrasound together with the suspicion of a bladder cyst. Computed tomography revealed mesenteric, retroperitoneal and inguinal lymph node swelling. The laboratory diagnostics produced the diagnosis of syphilis. The patient was successfully treated with ceftriaxone and benzylpenicillin benzathine.
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PMID:[Haematuria, lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly: case report in a 22-year-old man and review of the literature]. 2084 60

Ethanol is the most abused psychoactive substance. Accordingly to World Health Organization ethanol ranks among the top five risk factors for disease, disability and death (3.3 million/year) throughout the world. This manuscript highlights and critically analyses clinical and forensic signs related to hepatoxicity of ethanol that may lead to suspected of abuse. Namely, steatosis, jaundice, cirrhosis, hemorrhoids, esophageal varices caput medusae, ascites, petechiae, ecchymoses, splenomegaly, hemochromatosis, xanthelasma, nutritional deficiency, testicular atrophy, gynecomastia and dilated congestive cardiomyopathy are discussed and related to the toxic mechanism of ethanol.
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PMID:Signs and Related Mechanisms of Ethanol Hepatotoxicity. 2645 50

Haemoglobinopathies are a frequent cause of anaemia in Northwestern India due to traditional practices of consanguineous marriages. Haemoglobin D-Punjab is one of the most common subvariants (55%) of haemoglobin D, which can be inherited as a homozygous or a heterozygous trait with other haemoglobinopathies. Though, haemoglobin D-Punjab is commonly seen, a heterozygous trait with beta thalassemia is a very rare presentation. Here, we present a rare case of co-inheritance of haemoglobin D-Punjab and beta thalassemia in a 19-year-old male of Indian origin. He came with gradually progressive generalised weakness with easy fatigability for the past two months. No history of similar complaints in the past. On examination, he was pale and icteric with splenomegaly and Grade I hemorrhoids on systemic examination. On investigation, there was severe anaemia, pancytopenia (mixed picture on smear), vitamin B12 deficiency and raised Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH). Haemoglobin electrophoresis showed co-inheritance of haemoglobin D-Punjab and beta thalassemia. After Pack Cell Volume (PCV) and B12 supplements, haemoglobin improved. He was counseled about his disease and advised regular follow-up.
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PMID:Co-Inheritance of Haemoglobin D-Punjab and Beta Thalassemia - A Rare Variant. 2876 32