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Query: UMLS:C0038002 (splenomegaly)
 9,873 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

C57L/J male mice infected with Echinococcus multilocularis cysts were challenged intraperitoneally at 4, 8, and 12 weeks postinfection (p.i.) with 3 x 10(9) sheep erythrocytes. The direct plaque forming cells, 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) sensitive (4-day sera) and 2-ME-resistant (8-day sera) haemagglutinin responses were significantly elevated at eight and 12 weeks p.i. as compared to controls or the fourweeks postinfected mice. Possible mechanisms of immunopotentiation in the chronically infected mice is discussed in relation to the larval cyst mass, splenomegaly, and B cell hyperplasia in the lymphoid tissues during the course of infection.
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PMID:Humoral response to sheep red blood cells in C57L/J mice during early and chronic stages of infection with Echinococcus multilocularis cysts. 39 85

The Leishmanin skin test was performed on 1353 people in a kala-azar endemic region of south-west Ethiopia. Physical examinations were also carried out on 2723. Two of these individuals, both males, had active visceral leishmaniasis with Leishmania organisms demonstrated by spleen puncture. Two other males, including one member of the research team, had parasitologically proven cutaneous leishmaniasis. Because there was negligible migration and little movement of individuals outside of their tribal territories, the geographical distribution of skin test positivity and clinical findings could be determined and correlated with environmental parameters. The level of positive skin tests for the groups tested ranged from over 64% for the three tribes collectively inhabiting the lower regions of the Omo Valley (altitude approx. 500 m) to 6.4% for the Suri tribe, which lives at 1400 m. Skin test positivity was highest in areas of deeply fissuring montmorillonite soils and where Phlebotomus langeroni orientalis have been collected. Termite mounds of the pipe-organ type seemed to occur independently of the proportion of positive skin tests, possibly because alternative resting and breeding sites for sandflies were available in the cotton clay soil or because of the cultural patterns of the people. Almost always, males had a markedly higher prevalence of positive skin tests than did females. The degree of positivity was strongly correlated with increasing age, most positive conversions occurring in the ten to 20 year olds, the age at which males join cattle camps as part of their herding activities. Splenomegaly reached a prevalence of nearly 50% among the Hamar speaking people to the east of the Omo River, where the pattern of disease suggests malaria as the principal cause. Hepatomegaly, however, was highest in the lower Omo Basin among the Nyangatom, Dassanetch and Kerre, where hydatid disease was a major cause of liver enlargement, but seemed unrelated to the proportion of positive Leishmanin skin tests.
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PMID:Kala-azar in Ethiopia: survey of south-west Ethiopia. The Leishmanin skin test and epidemiological studies. 53 46

Conservative surgery of the spleen has become very popular. The authors report 36 cases of splenic hydatid cysts. This third site of hydatid disease is frequently associated with few symptoms and clinical examination only reveals splenomegaly, which has typical features on ultrasonography. Twenty-four splenectomies were performed with a mortality of 8.3% and a morbidity of 37.5%, while 12 resections of the roof of the cyst were performed with no mortality and a morbidity of 16.6% after a follow-up of 2 to 13 years. The authors consider that resection of the roof of the cyst constitutes of operation of choice, as it is conservative and safe, regardless of the anatomical conditions.
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PMID:[Hydatid cysts of the spleen: splenectomy or conservative surgery?]. 185 17

The authors discuss diagnostic difficulties that may occur in the interpretation of splenomegaly. In some cases, other tumorous formations, palpable in the left hypochondrium (renal tumor and retroperitoneal fibroma in cases demonstrated) may be taken for splenomegaly. In other cases, diagnostic difficulties may be related to establishing the cause of genuine splenomegaly. Out of 10 patients with genuine splenomegaly, the cause of which could not be ascertained at the prehospital stage, the enlargement of the spleen in 2 was due to liver cirrhosis, in 3, to subleukemic myelosis, in 1, to splenic tuberculosis, in 2, to multiple capillary angiomas of the spleen, in 1, to chronic monocytic leukemia, and in 1 patient, to splenic echinococcosis. In 3 patients out of the 10, the diagnosis was verified by surgery followed by histological examination of the spleen. The conclusion is made about the necessity of the use of clinical and laboratory examinations, of patients with obscure "splenomegaly" together with the use of x-ray and ultrasonography of the spleen, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, puncture of the bone marrow and spleen. In some cases, splenectomy may be performed along with histological examination of the spleen as the final stage of differential diagnosis of splenomegalies.
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PMID:[Difficulties in the differential diagnosis of splenomegaly]. 204 7

The paper deals with experiences and procedures in the management of spleen injuries and diseases in 53 patients treated in the Department of Surgery of the Sibenik Medical Centre over the last 15 years. There were 40 patients with spleen injuries, sustained mainly in road traffic accidents (26 or 65%), various accidents in the workplace, at home, knife stabs etc. (14 or 35%). The majority of those injured in road traffic accidents were polytraumatized (77%). Splenectomy was done in 36 patients. Successful splenic salvage was accomplished in 2 cases by the patch procedure. Two children with spleen injuries were treated conservatively, with careful follow-up of laboratory findings, clinical course, scintigraphy and ultrasound findings. Among other diseases splenectomy was done in hypersplenism (3), in spontaneous rupture because of splenomegaly, metastatic carcinoma and hydatid cyst (1 patient respectively). Together with other surgical procedures splenectomy was done in total gastrectomy because of carcinoma (3), in left hemicolectomy also because of carcinoma (2), in haemorrhagic oesophageal varices surgery (1) and in lesion caused by an instrument (1). Because of questionable results, no autologous transplantation was done. There were no cases of postsplenectomy infection.
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PMID:[Surgical treatment of injuries and diseases of the spleen]. 261 98

The authors collected 41 cases of cirrhosis in native Tibetans with pathological verification. It is found that 60.98% of the cases were alcoholic cirrhosis, with an incidence significantly higher than that of 7.6% reported in the inland (P less than 0.01). 74.19% and 20% of the cirrhosis in male and female patients respectively were alcoholic, while 50% of the cirrhosis in the female were due to malnutrition. Among the Tibetan cirrhotics 12.2% was due to hepatitis and 4.88% each to hydatid disease and tuberculosis. The average age of these cirrhotics was 47.05. The frequent occurring age was between 41-50 (about 41.46%). The Tibetan cirrhosis in peasants and herdsmen were 51.28%. At the first admission, 84.49% got jaundice and 90.2% got ascites. These percentages were higher respectively than 43.2% and 50.5% from the Lanzou report (P less than 0.01). Ascites was serious, portal vein expanded, but splenomegaly were merely 17.07% (normal were 82.93%). These spleens expanded just a little, macrosplenopathy was not found.
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PMID:[Analysis of the etiology and clinical characteristics of Tibetan cirrhosis in Tibet]. 262 23

The biological activity and time of appearance of alveolar hydatid cyst induced splenic amyloid enhancing factor (AEF) with respect to amyloid deposition in the spleens were determined in C57BL/6J mice. Mice were infected intraperitoneally with 100 alveolar hydatid cysts (AHC) and killed bi-weekly between 2 and 14 weeks postinfection (p.i.). AHCs and spleens were excised, weighed and a portion of each spleen was sectioned and stained for quantitation of amyloid deposits and histological studies. The remaining spleen pieces were sonicated separately in cold phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4 (I g/10 ml), centrifuged (27,000 g, 60 min, 4 degrees C) and the supernatant tested for AEF activity. Splenomegaly followed the progressive increase in the AHC biomass and AEF activity coincided with the appearance of amyloid deposits at 6 weeks p.i. A 2.5 mg intraperitoneal protein dosage of AEF in conjunction with a subcutaneous injection of 0.5 ml of a 0.11 M AgNO3 solution in mice, induced the maximum amount of splenic amyloid deposition at 48 h; the amount of splenic amyloid deposits decreased by either increasing or decreasing the AEF dosage. In vivo, 70% of the AEF activity was abolished by day 4 post-injection of AEF and completely by 3 weeks. These findings indicate that AHC-induced AEF is functionally analogous to casein-induced AEF and its appearance in the spleen coincides with neutrophilia, histiocytosis and amyloid deposition.
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PMID:Induction of amyloid enhancing factor and its biological properties in murine alveolar hydatidosis. 334 56

Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) inoculated intraperitoneally with three acephalic cysts of Echinococcus multilocularis were very susceptible to infection. Aspects of the responses of gerbils to this infection were examined to determine if they could be related to the progress of the infection. Hematologic changes observed during the infection included anemia, reticulocytosis, lymphocytopenia, neutrophilia, monocytosis, and eosinopenia; these changes were related to the size of the infection. Infected gerbils also produced specific protein-A binding antibodies to E. multilocularis. At 14 weeks after inoculation, infected gerbils showed splenomegaly and somewhat elevated serum transaminase levels, although serum 5'-nucleotidase levels were normal.
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PMID:Echinococcus multilocularis: responses to infection in Mongolian gerbils. 394 84

Both phagocytic and nonphagocytic inflammatory cells infiltrate the peritoneal cavity of mice infected intraperitoneally with Echinococcus multilocularis cysts. A longitudinal study on the kinetics of peritoneal leukocytosis at 3 days, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 14 weeks postinfection revealed that the restrictive and progressive growth phases of the alveolar hydatid cyst correspond sharply with the increasing and decreasing levels of peritoneal cells, respectively. The restrictive phase is characterized by the progressive peritoneal accumulation of lymphocytes, monocytoid cells and eosinophils. Between 6 and 14 weeks p.i., the alveolar cyst increased in weight 30 fold. This phase was associated with peritoneal neutrophilia, splenomegaly, involution of the thymus and a significant decline in the extravasated lymphocytes, monocytoid cells and eosinophils. These results in conjunction with our previous studies indicate that host's hydatid immunosurveillance is compromised as a result of profound immunopathologic disorders during the progressive growth phase of the alveolar cyst. In order to understand the prolonged survival of alveolar cyst, further investigation of inflammatory cell-cyst interactions is indicated.
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PMID:Intraperitoneal murine alveolar hydatidosis: relationship between the size of the larval cyst mass, immigrant inflammatory cells, splenomegaly and thymus involution. 684 15

Tc-99m-HIDA and related compounds have been universally accepted for studying the hepatobiliary system. The authors describe yet another use of HIDA documented by three case reports. HIDA is taken up by the hepatocytes and not by the reticuloenthothelial system. Two patients are described, one with hydatid cyst and the second with amebic abscess of the liver, in whom splenomegaly was diagnosed clinically and confirmed by ultrasonography as well as by Tc-99m-tin colloid scan. HIDA imaging proved the spleens to be normal. A displaced right lobe of the liver in one case, and an enlarged left lobe in the other, led to this erroneous diagnosis, which the authors term "pseudosplenomegaly." In the third patient, HIDA not only clarified the extent of the spleen, but also revealed a "cold" area in the left lobe of the liver. This was missed by the colloid scan because of the position of the "cold" area.
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PMID:HIDA and pseudosplenomegaly in hydatid cyst and amebic abscess of liver. 746 Apr 48


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