Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0037315 (sleep apnea)
 8,000 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to study blood pressure, adrenergic, and cholinergic activity in severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), 14 patients with apnea index (AI) greater than 30 apneas/h, mean apnea time index greater than 20 sec were studied before and with nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (nCPAP). Sleep, respiration, arterial blood pressure, arterial plasma catecholamines [norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E)], and plasma pancreatic polypeptide (PP) were measured without and after seven days treatment with nCPAP. Initially in the apnea, arterial blood pressure decreases, and thereafter steadily increases and shows a maximum during the first breath terminating the apnea. With nCPAP the arterial pressure variations disappeared. Awake morning systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure decreased the nCPAP treatment. A significant relation between the reduction in AI and the reduction in morning awake SBP and DBP with nCPAP treatment was observed. No significant changes in NE were observed with nCPAP treatment. Epinephrine decreased and PP increased significantly with nasal nCPAP treatment. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure reduction was significantly related to the decrease in E and the increase in PP. No association between sleep stages and plasma NE, E, and plasma-PP was found before treatment. With nCPAP treatment plasma-PP was higher during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) stage 2 to 4 sleep than during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Thus, morning awake arterial blood pressure and nocturnal arterial blood pressure decrease with nCPAP treatment in sleep apnea patients. These hemodynamic changes are related to the decrease in AI and sympathetic activity and the increase in parasympathetic activity.
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PMID:Blood pressure, catecholamines, and pancreatic polypeptide in obstructive sleep apnea with and without nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (nCPAP) treatment. 268 12

Patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) have been reported to be at greater risk for cardiovascular events, and midnight surge of blood pressure (BP) may be a mechanism of sleep apnea-related cardiovascular risk. However, there has been no accurate noninvasive technique to detect intermittent BP surge at the time of each sleep apnea episode. We therefore developed an experimental system to detect apnea-related short-term BP surge based on BP measurement triggered by peripheral (finger-tip) oxygen desaturation (a desaturation-triggered BP monitoring system). In 16 patients with OSAS, this new system successfully detected BP surges at the time of the sleep apnea, and the BP values were found to be significantly higher than those detected using a conventional fixed interval BP monitoring system (systolic BP [SBP] difference: 13 +/- 5.8 mmHg, p = 0.039; diastolic BP [DBP] difference: 10 +/- 6.8 mmHg, p = 0.032). The maximum SBP time rate (velocity of BP surge) showed a strong positive correlation with the apnea-hypopnea index (r = 0.855, p < 0.0001). In conclusion, we developed a noninvasive oxygen desaturation-triggered BP monitoring system that can successfully detect sleep apnea-related BP surge. The midnight BP surge detected by this new method was significantly associated with the severity of OSAS.
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PMID:A new technique for detecting sleep apnea-related "midnight" surge of blood pressure. 1724 17

The aim of the present study was to analyse the role of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment in patients with difficult-to-control hypertension (DC-HT) and sleep apnoea. An Autoset (ResMed, Sydney, Australia) study was performed in 60 patients diagnosed with DC-HT based on two 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitorisation (ABPM) studies. CPAP was offered to patients with an apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) > or =15 events.h(-1). After 3 months of treatment, repeat ABPM was performed to evaluate the effect of CPAP upon the blood pressure values. A total of 39 (65%) patients received CPAP treatment, but only 33 completed the study. The mean+/-sd systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP, respectively) were 154.8+/-14 and 90+/-8.8 mmHg. Patients had a mean+/-sd AHI of 37.7+/-18.2 events.h(-1). Only three patients presented a dipper nocturnal pressure pattern. CPAP treatment significantly reduced SBP (-5.2 mmHg), and particularly the nocturnal values (-6.1 mmHg), but not DBP. Considering only those patients who tolerated CPAP, the decrease in SBP was greater (-7.3 mmHg). Furthermore, CPAP treatment significantly increased the percentage of patients who recovered the dipper pattern (three (9.1%) out of 33 versus 12 (36.4%) out of 33). Continuous positive airway pressure treatment significantly reduces systolic blood pressure, particularly at night, and normalises the nocturnal pressure pattern in patients with difficult-to-control hypertension and sleep apnoea.
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PMID:Positive effect of CPAP treatment on the control of difficult-to-treat hypertension. 1730 Oct 92

This study aimed to investigate the value of the surgery of revised uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) on ambulatory blood pressure (BP) in obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) patients with hypertension and oropharyngeal obstruction. A retrospective cohort study was performed in 29 patients with OSAHS and hypertension, who received treatment with revised UPPP surgery. After surgery 1 month, the Apnea-hypopna index (AHI) and body mass index (BMI) significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and mini SpO(2) and mean SpO(2) increased than before (P < 0. 05), but the heart rate showed no significant difference (P > 0.05). In the meantime, compared to pretreatment, nighttime systolic SBP, nighttime diastolic DBP, morning systolic SBP, morning diastolic DBP, 24-h DBP, and 24-h SBP, decreased significantly (P < 0.05), but daytime SBP and daytime DBP showed no significant difference (P > 0.05). The results of this study indicated that the BP in the sleep apnea patients with hypertension might gradually decrease by revised UPPP surgery.
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PMID:Effect of revised UPPP surgery on ambulatory BP in sleep apnea patients with hypertension and oropharyngeal obstruction. 2014 73