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Query: UMLS:C0037315 (sleep apnea)
 8,000 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A patient with acromegaly was shown to have obstructive sleep apnoea by polygraphic recordings. Following successful hypophysectomy, further recordings demonstrated resolution of obstructive sleep apnoea.
Postgrad Med J 1988 Dec
PMID:Successful reversal of sleep apnoea syndrome following treatment for acromegaly, confirmed by polygraphic studies. 325 12

In order to examine the effect of sleep position on sleep apnea episodes, seven male patients diagnosed as having obstructive sleep apnea syndrome without any organic complication of the upper airway were studied while lying in a supine or lateral position during an all-night polysomnographic study. Apnea index, apnea time/total sleep time (%) and the number of episodes per hour in which oxyhemoglobin saturation dropped below 85% decreased significantly from 51.0 +/- 8.6 (mean +/- S.D.) events/hr, 40.4 +/- 5.8% and 36.2 +/- 9.8 episodes/hr during sleep in supine position to 27.6 +/- 9.1 events/hr, 19.4 +/- 6.0% and 12.9 +/- 5.3 episodes/hr during sleep in lateral position, respectively. Lowest oxyhemoglobin saturation increased significantly from 70.7 +/- 2.6% to 78.0 +/- 2.4%. Thus, sleep in the lateral position may be a simple treatment before essential treatment for patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.
Tohoku J Exp Med 1988 Dec
PMID:Effect of sleep position on obstructive sleep apnea. 326 47

The most predictable electroencephalographic sleep changes of major depression are a shortened first NREM sleep period, a prolonged first REM period (with increased density of rapid eye movements), sleep continuity disturbance, and diminished slow wave sleep (with shifting of delta activity from the first to the second NREM sleep period). The more rapid appearance of the first REM sleep period occurs in relation to sleep onset but not apparently in relation to clock time. The changes occurring in the first NREM-REM cycle of the night appear to be relatively specific to major (particularly endogenous) depression. Depressed men appear to have diminished nocturnal penile tumescence compared with healthy controls, but depressed patients generally do not have a higher incidence of sleep apnea or nocturnal myoclonus. The sleep physiologic changes of depression appear to persist into clinical remission, suggesting that they are trait-like. Published studies appear to support the conclusion that there is a close link between the regulation of sleep and the regulation of mood in affective illness.
Psychiatr Clin North Am 1987 Dec
PMID:Sleep and affective disorders. A minireview. 333 19

The effect of ingestion of moderate amounts of alcohol, on nasal airway resistance, was investigated in eight normal human subjects. Alcohol was found to significantly increase both inspiratory and expiratory nasal airway resistance, P less than 0.01. The implications of this finding are discussed, in terms of its relevance to the obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome.
Rhinology 1987 Dec
PMID:The effect of alcohol ingestion upon nasal airway resistance. 343 25

Although idiopathic CNS hypersomnolence is the third most frequent hypersomnia diagnosis, the syndrome is still unfamiliar to physicians, especially in Japan. In the Sleep Disorders Clinic of Kurume University Hospital, seven patients were diagnosed as idiopathic CNS hypersomnolence. All the patients complained of persistent daytime sleepiness, difficulty in morning awakening and lengthening of nocturnal sleep. Their daytime sleepiness had not been reduced even when they have taken sufficient nocturnal sleep. Various autonomic symptoms were observed, but what has noticeably been absent were cataplexy, sleep paralysis, sleep attack, sleep apnea or any other identifiable neurological disorders. The onset of the syndrome in four of the seven patients occurred in their teens. No therapeutic effects had been found after undergoing medical treatments.
Jpn J Psychiatry Neurol 1987 Dec
PMID:Clinical study on idiopathic CNS hypersomnolence. 345 14

Sleep history and pituitary function were studied and sleep polygraphy performed in 11 acromegalic patients before and after pituitary surgery. Excessive daytime sleepiness or habitual snoring or both together, as well as an elevated fasting level of serum GH occurred in all the patients. In five men but in none of the women an abnormal number of episodes of sleep apnoea were observed. Pituitary adenomectomy improved the apnoea frequency in one patient, whereas in the others the abnormality was still present 1 year later. After operation the fasting level of serum GH became normal in eight patients, two of them with persisting sleep apnoea. The sleep apnoea syndrome is common and clinically important in acromegaly. Its early diagnosis using polygraphic monitoring is emphasized, as it is a treatable disorder.
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1987 Dec
PMID:Sleep apnoea and daytime sleepiness in acromegaly: relationship to endocrinological factors. 345 70

Complaints about sleep are extremely common in the elderly, leading to an impression that aging-related sleep problems are virtually normal and benign. However, studies have shown that such complaints as habitual snoring, frequent awakening, nocturnal sweating, and awakening with anxiety, may be signs of genuine sleep disorders. The most prevalent and most serious aging-related sleep disorder is sleep apnea. There is recent evidence of an association between sleep apnea and circulatory disorders, including hypertension, stroke, and angina pectoris, and with reduced life expectancy. The older sleep apnea victim may not complain of daytime sleepiness, the usual symptom in younger patients. Sleep apnea, and several other sleep disorders of the elderly are treatable, once an accurate diagnosis is made. Physicians are urged to make questions about sleep as routine as the taking of blood pressure.
Geriatrics 1987 Dec
PMID:Sleep disorders in the elderly: rationale for clinical awareness. 367 42

The purpose of this study was twofold: to establish an ECG respiration monitoring system, and to evaluate the clinical usefulness of this system. Our purpose was to determine how many patients with cardiovascular disorders may have unrecognized sleep apnea and whether such apneic episodes are an important cause of cardiac arrhythmias. The study group included 81 patients, age range 40-95 years, and 13 healthy males, age range 52-72 years. The 24-h ECG respiration recordings were obtained with the two-channel holter recorder. Airflow at the nose using a nasal thermister or chest wall movement by impedance pneumography was recorded as respiration record on the second channel. Sleep apnea was observed 69% and 77-100% in the control subjects and patients with cardiovascular disorders, respectively. Episodes of sleep apnea were most frequent in the patients with old myocardial infarction. Grading of apneas was defined according to the length of apnea. Short duration apneas were observed only in the control subjects, but longer apneic episodes were observed in patients with cardiovascular disorders. Bradyarrhythmias observed were to be relative to apneic episodes longer than 20 s, while ventricular arrhythmias were observed only in the patients with old myocardial infarction, coincident with apneas lasting longer than 40 s. Atrioventricular conduction disturbances were also observed to be related to the occurrence of sleep apnea. These results suggest that 24-h ECG respiration monitoring is useful not only for the observation of sleep apneic episodes, but also in clarifying the relationship between cardiac arrhythmias and apneic episodes.
Clin Cardiol 1987 Dec
PMID:Arrhythmogenic properties of disordered breathing during sleep in patients with cardiovascular disorders. 369 Sep 4

Pulmonary edema due to upper airway obstruction can be observed in a variety of clinical situations. The predominant mechanism is increased negative intrathoracic pressure, although hypoxia and cardiac and neurologic factors may contribute. Laryngospasm associated with intubation and general anesthesia is a common cause of pulmonary edema in children. However, only seven cases of pulmonary edema presumably due to laryngospasm have been reported in adolescents and adults. Five of the seven had other risk factors for upper airway obstruction, and in four, the diagnosis of "laryngospasm" could be explained by other factors. Patients with underlying risk factors for upper airway obstruction, such as a forme fruste of sleep apnea or nasopharyngeal abnormalities, appear to be at increased risk for the development of pulmonary edema in the setting of intubation and anesthesia. This form of pulmonary edema usually resolves rapidly without the need for aggressive therapy or invasive monitoring.
Chest 1986 Dec
PMID:Post-extubation pulmonary edema following anesthesia induced by upper airway obstruction. Are certain patients at increased risk? 378 Mar 26

One hundred fifty-five unselected obstructive sleep apneic patients seen in succession had cephalometric roentgenograms and polygraphic recordings performed. These patients were compared to a group of 41 subjects who had consulted orthodontists for malocclusion and had no clinical indication of sleep apnea. The cephalometric landmarks were also compared to those published as normative data in the literature. The limits of "normalcy" were conservatively defined as mean +/- 2 standard deviations. Only two obstructive sleep apneic patients had normal cephalometric landmarks and 150 of the 155 patients had at least two significantly different landmarks from the normative data in the literature. The common findings were a retroposition of the mandible, a different cranial base flexure with a nasion-sella-basion angle more acute than expected, and a displacement of the hyoid bone to a lower position than expected. These combined changes reduced the space occupied by soft tissues anchored on the skull and mandible, and the length of the soft palate was increased.
Sleep 1986 Dec
PMID:Obstructive sleep apneic patients have craniomandibular abnormalities. 380 60


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