Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0037315 (sleep apnea)
 8,000 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To determine the morphologic characteristics of patients with sleep apnea syndrome (SAS), the facial skeleton, tongue area, soft palate area and upper airway area were examined on lateral cephalograms from 53 male patients with SAS. The SAS patients were divided into two groups according to their body mass index (BMI): Group N (BMI < 25, N = 23) and Group O (BMI > or = 25, N = 30). Fifty non-snoring adult men were used as a control (Group C). The mean BMI of all 53 patients with SAS was 26.2 +/- 3.1 kg/m2. The mean SNB was smaller in Group N (76.7 +/- 3.2 degrees) than in Group C (78.4 +/- 3.0 degrees). The mean airway area was markedly smaller in Groups N and O than in Group C. The tongue area was larger in Groups N (36.0 +/- 2.3 cm2) and O (39.3 +/- 2.7 cm2) than in Group C (33.3 +/- 3.4 cm2). There was a positive correlation (R2 = 0.670) in all subjects between tongue area and body weight. There was also a positive correlation (R2 = 0.656) between tongue area and the distance between the ANS and the base of the epiglottis in the 103 subjects, the base of the epiglottis being shifted to a posteroinferior position as a result of the enlarged tongue. The findings suggest that micrognathia is a morphological characteristic of the Japanese patients with SAS. Micrognathia and enlargement of the tongue and soft palate due to obesity, were considered to be involved in the narrowing of the airway in SAS patients.
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PMID:Morphological analysis by lateral cephalography of sleep apnea syndrome in 53 patients. 866 94

The aims of this longitudinal, observational study were two-fold: first, to determine in adults with sleep disorders the extent of dental and occlusal changes following the use of a mandibular advancement splint (MAS) and, second, to determine the time course of these changes. One hundred adult subjects (87 males, 13 females) diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and/or asymptomatic snoring were treated with non-adjustable MAS. At the outset each subject was randomly assigned to a group and reviewed 6, 12, 18, 24 or 30 months after placement of a splint. There were 20 subjects in each group. Craniofacial changes were measured on lateral cephalometric radiographs taken at the initial and review appointments. When the changes in all subjects were examined, the SNA, ANB angles, ANS-PNS length and face height increased, and the mandibular first molars and the maxillary first premolars significantly overerupted. Significant retroclination of the maxillary incisors and proclination of the mandibular incisors were accompanied by reductions in maxillary arch length, overbite and overjet. When the changes over time were determined, the mandibular symphysis was significantly lower at all review periods. An increase in face height and reductions in overbite and overjet were evident at 6 months, and over-eruption of the maxillary first premolars and mandibular first molars, and proclination of the lower incisors were found at 24 months. Significant positive correlations were also found between the amount of anterior opening by the appliances and changes in overbite at 24 and 30 months. The appliance used produced small, unpredictable changes in the occlusion that tended to occur after 24 months' wear. It is postulated that the changes in overbite might be lessened by keeping the bite opening to a minimum.
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PMID:Dental and occlusal changes during mandibular advancement splint therapy in sleep disordered patients. 1293 43

This paper examines the feasibility of accurate state classification of autonomic nervous activity (ANA) based on the power spectral pattern of the heart rate fluctuations (HRFs). Some attempts have been made to utilize artificial neural networks (ANNs) to classify HRFs for clinical diagnoses such as ischemic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia or sleep apnea. To establish the firm bases for making such clinical diagnoses, it may be important to examine the classification accuracy for the data in physiologically well defined conditions by e.g. application of autonomic blocking agents. In this paper the three layered perceptron has been trained by the heart rate data in variety of ANS states yielded by the application of Atropine and Propranolol to 14 healthy male subjects. Six state (control, atropine and propranolol for each of the spine and upright posture) classification based on power spectrum showed average sensitivity of 67.2% and specificity 91.2%. Four state (control, atropine, propranolol and double block for either spine or upright posture) resulted in the average classification sensitivity of 75.7% and specificity 95.5%. The paper revealed that entropy bandwidth and indices originated from characteristic oscillations of blood pressure change improve the classification accuracy.
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PMID:State classification of heart rate variability by an artificial neural network in frequency domain. 2109 42

Cephalometric variables that can be used to identify patients with obstructive sleep apnoea who are suitable for mandibular advancement splints and surgical maxillomandibular advancement are lacking. The aim of this pilot study was to describe the craniofacial characteristics of patients whose symptoms of obstructive sleep apnoea were successfully treated with mandibular advancement splints and who were subsequently considered for maxillomandibular advancement. We retrospectively compared the craniofacial characteristics of our patients with data from 2 previously published studies. There were significant differences between the 2 groups for ANB (p<0.000), overjet (p<0.0001), Go-Me (p<0.0002), and ANS-PNS (p<0.0009). Patients, whose symptoms improve with the use of mandibular advancement splints and are potential candidates for maxillomandibular advancement, may have unique craniofacial features consisting of bimaxillary retrusion characterised by a shorter maxilla and mandible, and a greater class II skeletal tendency. The results of this study should be viewed as a pilot. Further research is required.
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PMID:Craniofacial characteristics of successful responders to mandibular advancement splint therapy: a pilot study. 2463 49