Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0037315 (sleep apnea)
 8,000 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors had studies the correlation between the appearance of the pressure waves and the level of the sleep in pre- and postoperative patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). The changes from preoperative findings to postoperative ones were discussed in detail with the relation of the pathophysiological state in these patients. Seventeen patients were evaluated for the suspected diagnosis of the disease of NPH. Thirteen patients of them were treated with ventriculo-peritoneal shunts. Four representative cases among them were evaluated by pre- and postoperative polygraphic studies. A polygraphic overnight study includes a monitoring of an intracranial pressure (ICP), electroencephalography (EEG), electrooculography (EOG), respiratory movement and electromyography (EMG). Each data was recorded for the analysis on data recorder using a computer system. A pressure waves (largely B type) appeared accompanied with an apnea at a resting state (so-called sleep) of each patients. An arousal response in EEG was also observed in the raising period of the pressure waves. At the peak respiration was resumed with transient activities in EMG and continued to the disappearance of the pressure wave. Pressure waves were observed frequently and continually in hours in the resting state of these patients. As a result the level of sleep alternated frequently between an awake stage and a stage 1, including extremely rare appearance of stage 2. In short, the level of sleep was frequently interrupted by the appearance of the pressure waves and apneas. Such pathological states of patient's sleep were involved in the entity of the sleep apnea syndrome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
No To Shinkei 1984 Sep
PMID:[A biological rhythm in a patient with normal pressure hydrocephalus--comparative studies in pre- and postoperative patients by a polygraphy]. 650 59

Near-miss events were observed to occur in indeterminate sleep in a preterm infant reaching term at 6 weeks after birth. Moreover, prolonged sleep apnea and periodic respiration were frequently encountered in non-REM sleep. In view of the observation that pathologic sleep apnea occurs in non-REM sleep and the apparently contradictory findings of respiratory depression and more frequent apneas during REM sleep, apneic episodes during REM sleep were analysed in relation to phasic REM events. The frequent occurrence of respiratory pauses in REM burst-free periods of REM sleep suggests that tonic REM mechanisms inhibit respiratory neurons, while phasic REM mechanisms are facilitatory and protect an infant from prolonged sleep apnea.
Eur J Pediatr 1983 Sep
PMID:REM sleep prevents sudden infant death syndrome. 668 43

The sleep apnoea syndrome is reviewed, defined, and classified. Particular emphasis is placed on the identification of a patient population that is prone to sleep apnoea and the diseases and syndromes that are associated with it. For anaesthetists, direct enquiry into daytime and nighttime sleep abnormalities and careful examination of the upper airway are important for preoperative detection of these patients and especially patients with obstructive sleep apnoea who might present for anaesthesia and operation. A typical case is reported and details of the preoperative, peroperative and postoperative management are discussed.
Can Anaesth Soc J 1982 Sep
PMID:Sleep apnoea syndrome and anaesthesia. 675 98

In treating the symptomatology of patients who are chronically ill, it is likely that the physician will encounter a significant number of patients who have sleep disorders. This article has described an approach for the assessment, differential diagnosis, and clinical management of the most prevalent sleep disorders, which are often chronic in nature and have significant psychosocial or medical consequences for the patient and his or her family. We have emphasized the importance for the physician to complement his general medical and diagnostic skills by taking a careful sleep history from the patient (and, in some instances from the bed partner or caretakers). There is no justification for the physician to routinely request costly sleep laboratory hypnopolygraphic evaluations to screen patients with sleep disorders. However, in those instances where the sleep history is highly suggestive of sleep apnea, a sleep laboratory evaluation is indicated. By incorporating the use of the sleep history in the general evaluation of patients with sleep disorders, the physician is better able to develop rational pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic approaches to managing these patients, including the judicious use of medication as an adjunctive treatment.
Med Clin North Am 1982 Sep
PMID:Insomnia and other sleep disorders. 675 3

A 58-yr-old man with hypothyroidism and sleep apnea syndrome was studied to determine the cause of the nocturnal obstructive apnea and oxygen desaturation. Control studies showed free thyroxine (T4) concentration of 0.7 ng/dl (normal, 0.8 to 2.3 ng/dl), and thyroid-stimulating hormone of 32 microIU/ml (normal, less than 12 microIU/ml). Weight, pulmonary function, arterial blood gases, minute ventilation to carbon dioxide production ratio (VE/VCO2), and the ventilatory response to exercise (delta VE/delta VCO2) were normal. Episodes of obstructive apnea (4 per hour during non-REM (NREM) and 10 per hour during REM) and oxygen desaturation (9 per hour during NREM and 11 per hour during REM) were common during sleep. Oxygen saturation ranged between 72 and 99% and 70 and 97% during NREM and REM sleep, respectively. Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) therapy for 4 wk caused a reduction in awake PaCO2 (38 to 33 mm Hg), and an increase in VE/VCO2 (17%), mouth occlusion pressure (50%), and AVE/VCO2 (23%). During sleep, apneas were completely eliminated and only one episode of oxygen desaturation occurred. L-thyroxine therapy for 2 months after a placebo period caused an awake isocapnic hyperpnea with no change in PaCO2 and VE/VCO2 despite a 23% increase in VE. Mouth occlusion pressure increased 37% but delta VE/delta VCO2 was unchanged. Obstructive apnea and oxygen desaturation during sleep were completely eliminated with L-thyroxine. The patient noted completed relief of symptoms with both MPA and L-thyroxine. We concluded that the sleep apnea syndrome was the presenting manifestation of hypothyroidism in this patient and was solely responsible for his symptoms and disability.
Am Rev Respir Dis 1981 Sep
PMID:Disordered breathing during sleep in hypothyroidism. 679 57

Four morbidly obese men who had been found to have significant sleep-disordered breathing and oxygen desaturation were restudied after an average weight loss of 108 kg (range 53-155 kg). In all subjects, weight loss was accompanied by a significant reduction in the number of episodes per hour of sleep-disordered breathing events. In three of the four subjects, there was improvment in the severity of desaturation accompanying abnormal breathing. The two subjects with daytime somnolence and hypercapnia prior to weight loss showed the most dramatic improvement in desaturation. This suggests that obesity is a cause, rather than an effect, of the sleep apnea syndrome.
Chest 1982 Sep
PMID:The effect of weight loss on sleep-disordered breathing and oxygen desaturation in morbidly obese men. 710 55

We performed screening polysomnography on 86 inpatients with affective disorders and found that 13 (15.1 per cent) had sleep apnea and one had nocturnal myoclonus. The apnea tended to be extremely mild, with an average of 27.8 episodes per patient and with a mean duration of 15.0 seconds. No clinically significant cardiac arrhythmia accompanied the apnea. The apnea was predominantly obstructive or mixed, not central. Only four patients (4.7 per cent) had apnea indices greater than five, and even here the total apnea was considered mild. Much of the apnea (68.3 per cent) occurred during rapid eye movement sleep. While there was no association of apnea with gender or with type of sleep-wake complaint, a significant relationship with age emerged. On the basis of these data, we suggest that routine polysomnographic screening for sleep apnea and nocturnal myoclonus in affective disorders is not indicated. On occasion, however, both an affective disorder and a sleep-apnea syndrome co-exist in the same patient. In such cases, the sleep-wake complaint is usually very prominent and/or long-standing in relation to other psychopathology and requires appropriate polysomnographic evaluation.
J Nerv Ment Dis 1982 Sep
PMID:Prevalence of sleep apnea and nocturnal myoclonus in major affective disorders: clinical and polysomnographic findings. 710 5

The results of 24-hour continuous electrocardiographic monitoring of 23 patients with documented sleep apnea syndrome were reviewed to evaluate the prevelance of cardiac arrhythmias and conduction disturbances in this disorder. During sleep, marked sinus arrhythmia (more than 30 beats/min variation) was found in 18 patients. Extreme sinus bradycardia (heart rate less than 30 beats/min) and sinus pauses (more than 1.8 sec) were found in only two patients. First-degree and type I second-degree atrioventricular block were found in another patient. There was a decrease in grade of ventricular ectopy from wakefulness to sleep. These data suggest that the prevalence of serious arrhythmias and conduction disturbances during sleep in patients with the sleep apnea syndrome is much lower than previously reported.
Am J Med 1982 Sep
PMID:Cardiac arrhythmias and conduction disturbances in the sleep apnea syndrome. Prevalence and significance. 712 58

Sleep apnea syndromes and nonapneic arterial oxygen desaturation during sleep are reported more commonly in men than in women. Because men have recently been shown to have a considerably reduced hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) during sleep, we questioned if this finding would apply to women as well. Accordingly, we measured isocapnic hypoxic responsiveness in 6 normal women during wakefulness and all stages of sleep during both follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. During non-REM sleep, women were found to maintain their waking levels of HVR, measured as the slope of the relationship between ventilation and decreasing hemoglobin saturation. Hypoxic ventilatory response fell to 70% of the awake value during REM sleep, which was a significant change (p less than 0.05). Although HVR tended to be greater in the luteal than in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, both awake and asleep, this was significant only in Stage 2 sleep (p less than 0.05). When compared with recently reported men studied in this laboratory, these women demonstrated significantly less awake HVR even when corrected for body surface area (p less than 0.05). During sleep men and women had similar hypoxic responses, although this represents a considerable decrement in the awake response in the men and little change in the women. How these findings relate to the observed sexual differences in "sleep disordered breathing" is speculative.
Am Rev Respir Dis 1982 Sep
PMID:Hypoxic ventilatory response during sleep in normal premenopausal women. 712 40

Ten patients with autonomic nervous system dysfunction (familial dysautonomia, juvenile diabetes, or Shy-Drager syndrome) were studied to assess the impact of their impairment on breathing during sleep. Several types of breathing dysfunction during sleep were identified independent of the patients' primary complaints. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome was the most common; central sleep apnea and disturbances of te respiratory oscillator also were seen. Esophageal reflux was found to be the cause of some sleep-related problems. The observed respiratory irregularities were not associated with the usual cardiac response; a "decoupling" of heart rate from the respiratory cycle was noted during sleep in these patients.
Sleep 1981 Sep
PMID:The impact of autonomic nervous system dysfunction on breathing during sleep. 730 57


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>