Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0037315 (sleep apnea)
 8,000 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This manual is designed to instruct the surgeon, the nurse, and, directly or indirectly, the patient on the updated usage of prostheses involved with reconstructive surgery of the larynx, trachea, and esophagus. The silicone tracheal Safe-T-Tube has been modified in an attempt to prevent its being displaced posteriorly into the trachea. The silicone tracheal cannula can be used in place of a tracheotomy tube unless there is aspiration or positive pressure breathing is required. Its success with sleep apnea has been especially gratifying. The salivary bypass tube and the esophageal tube continue to be of use in treating fistulas, strictures, and reconstruction of the cervical esophagus. The laryngeal keel and stent are described and illustrated for use with reconstructive surgery of the larynx.
Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl 1990 Sep
PMID:Manual for use of Montgomery laryngeal, tracheal, and esophageal prostheses: update 1990. 211 47

The experience of the uvulopalatopharyngoplasty operation, performed on 24 patients for the relief of loud or heroic snoring, is presented. The operation successfully reduced the severity of snoring in 96% of patients. Postoperative complications were uncommon but included nasal regurgitation and intrapharyngeal adhesions in one patient. The role of the uvulopalatopharyngoplasty operation in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea is undecided but the authors do not perform this operation on such patients.
J R Soc Med 1990 Sep
PMID:The uvulopalatopharyngoplasty operation: the Edinburgh experience. 202 59

Ageing is associated with deterioration of the quality of nocturnal sleep, more frequent siestas in the afternoon, a forward shift of sleep in the 24-hour cycle. In old age sleep disorders are more frequent such as sleep apnoea, the restless feet syndrome, periodic movements of the lower extremities and others. The authors present an account of changes of sleep and vigilance and the most frequent sleep disorders in old age.
Cas Lek Cesk 1990 Sep 21
PMID:[Sleep in old age and its disorders]. 222 84

Many headache patients complain of poor sleep, and sleep disturbance has been shown to play a role in chronic pain. We recorded nocturnal sleep with a 4-channel cassette EEG monitoring device in 10 common migraine patients, 10 individuals with muscle contraction (tension) headache, and 10 chronic tension-vascular headache sufferers. Migraine patients had essentially normal sleep, although rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and REM latency were increased. Patients with tension headache had reduced sleep time and sleep efficiency, decreased sleep latency but frequent awakenings, increased nocturnal movements, and marked reduction in slow wave sleep, without change in REM sleep or latency. Mixed-element headaches with both tension and vascular features were associated with reduced sleep, increased awakening, diminished slow wave sleep, and REM sleep that was decreased in amount and reduced in latency. The findings suggest that patients with intermittent migraine may have minimal sleep disturbance, while chronic headache may be worsened by chronically poor sleep. Muscle contraction headache may be associated with frequent awakenings and decreased slow wave sleep similar to the sleep changes of fibrositis, while chronic tension-vascular headache may have a depressive substrate. Four-channel sleep recording may miss contributory sleep apnea, but nonetheless cassette EEG may facilitate outpatient evaluation of refractory headaches.
Headache 1990 Sep
PMID:Nocturnal sleep recording with cassette EEG in chronic headaches. 226 15

Sleep studies were performed on 1,025 patients complaining of erectile dysfunction. In addition to standard measures of sleep stage and nocturnal penile tumescence, respiratory activity was evaluated. The number of episodes of sleep apnea per hour (Apnea Index--AI) was calculated for each patient. The overall prevalence of sleep apnea activity in this sample was: 43.8 percent with AI greater than or equal to 5; 27.9 percent with AI greater than or equal to 10; and 19.6 percent with AI greater than or equal to 15. These results confirm that sleep apnea activity is common in men with erectile dysfunction. This high prevalence also indicates that further study is needed to elucidate pathophysiology of erectile failure in men with sleep apnea.
Urology 1990 Sep
PMID:Prevalence of sleep apnea in men with erectile dysfunction. 239 14

The distribution of symptoms, physiologic responses, and upper airway structure in members of one family with three generations of subjects with sleep apnea (SA) is reported. Questionnaire data were obtained from ten family members (ages 7 to 66 years), overnight sleep studies were performed in nine subjects, and ventilatory responses to hyperoxic hypercapnia and to eucapnic hypoxia and cephalometry were obtained in five subjects. All ten family members reported habitual snoring or nighttime snorting/gasping; five of ten family members also reported excessive daytime sleepiness. All studied subjects except for a pregnant woman had greater than ten apneas/hypopneas per hour. Ventilatory responses to hypoxia were markedly reduced in all five subjects studied (less than or equal to 0.51 L/min/SaO2); hypercapnic responses were reduced in three of five subjects (less than or equal to 0.61 L/min/mm Hg CO2). No subject was morbidly obese (body mass index less than 29 kg/m2) or demonstrated retrognathia. The posterior airway space was reduced in three subjects, and the mandibular to hyoid distance was increased in four subjects. The two subjects with the longest soft palates and the most inferiorly displaced hyoids had the most severe sleep disorder. Sleep apnea was present, albeit less profound, in the one subject with normal anatomy who had an abnormal hypoxic ventilatory response. The distribution of these physiologic and anatomic measurements in this family provides further support for a genetic basis for SA, and suggests that the disorder may occur as a result of interactions between ventilatory control abnormalities and anatomic risk factors.
Chest 1990 Sep
PMID:A family study of sleep apnea. Anatomic and physiologic interactions. 239 35

We compared 8 patients diagnosed with geriatric sleep apnea syndrome (GSAS) with 12 healthy older controls (GCON) matched on age, sex, weight, education, and socioeconomic standing. GSAS was diagnosed if patients had an apnea + hypopnea index (AHI) greater than or equal to 10 and an impairment involving at least two of the following: hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, or daytime hypersomnolence. In addition to significant differences on selection variables (e.g., AHI, frequency of hypertension, Multiple Sleep Latency Test), GSAS patients had significantly more sleep disturbance, were sleepier on subjective measures, were more depressed, and had lower scores on tests of nonverbal problem solving and nonverbal memory. Thus, GSAS resembles SAS described in middle-aged populations. More research is needed to determine the most efficient diagnostic parameters for identifying pathological levels of SDB in older persons.
J Gerontol 1990 Sep
PMID:Geriatric sleep apnea syndrome: a preliminary description. 239 13

We compared the changes in nasal and pharyngeal resistance induced by modifications in the central respiratory drive in 8 patients with sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) with the results of 10 normal men. Upper airway pressures were measured with two low-bias flow catheters; one was placed at the tip of the epiglottis and the other above the uvula. Nasal and pharyngeal resistances were calculated at isoflow. During CO2 rebreathing and during the 2 min after maximal voluntary hyperventilation, we continuously recorded upper airway pressures, airflow, end-tidal CO2, and the mean inspiratory flow (VT/TI); inspiratory pressure generated at 0.1 s after the onset of inspiration (P0.1) was measured every 15-20 s. In both groups upper airway resistance decreased as P0.1 increased during CO2 rebreathing. When P0.1 increased by 500%, pharyngeal resistance decreased to 17.8 +/- 3.1% of base-line values in SAS patients and to 34.9 +/- 3.4% in normal subjects (mean +/- SE). During the posthyperventilation period the VT/TI fell below the base-line level in seven SAS patients and in seven normal subjects. The decrease in VT/TI was accompanied by an increase in upper airway resistance. When the VT/TI decreased by 30% of its base-line level, pharyngeal resistance increased to 319.1 +/- 50.9% in SAS and 138.5 +/- 4.7% in normal subjects (P less than 0.05). We conclude that 1) in SAS patients, as in normal subjects, the activation of upper airway dilators is reflected by indexes that quantify the central inspiratory drive and 2) the pharyngeal patency is more sensitive to the decrease of the central respiratory drive in SAS patients than in normal subjects.
J Appl Physiol (1985) 1989 Sep
PMID:Effects of respiratory drive on upper airways in sleep apnea patients and normal subjects. 250 8

A case of severe obstructive sleep apnea developing during pregnancy is reported. A 27-year-old primigravida was well until the sixth month of pregnancy, when she developed loud snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness. Polysomnography was performed at 36 weeks' gestation and revealed severe obstructive sleep apnea. The patient was treated successfully during pregnancy with nasal continuous positive airway pressure, but continued to suffer from moderate obstructive sleep apnea after delivery. This case suggests that sleep apnea may be either precipitated or exacerbated during pregnancy.
Obstet Gynecol 1989 Sep
PMID:Precipitation of obstructive sleep apnea during pregnancy. 266 22

People with snoring, excessive daytime somnolence, and nocturnal breath cessation are very likely to have sleep apnea, particularly if they are obese or hypertensive. We collected epidemiologic data to determine the frequency of these findings in an unselected adult population. Respondents in a random digit dialing telephone survey included 685 people (356 women and 329 men, with a mean age of 50 years). Snoring was reported by 37%, gasping by 8%, excessive daytime somnolence by 36%, and hypertension by 28%; all symptoms were more prevalent in respondents older than 50 years. Snoring and gasping were more common in men than in women. Six persons (1%) had all four risk factors, plus a body mass index of one standard deviation above the mean. Eleven respondents (2%) had all four risk factors, but lower weight. We conclude that all risk factors for sleep apnea are more prevalent in persons over the age of 50 years, and that the incidence of sleep apnea in the general population may be 1%.
South Med J 1989 Sep
PMID:Sleep apnea: prevalence of risk factors in a general population. 267 53


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>